Considerations for Selecting Applicants to Rural Medicine Programs

The selection of medical students destined for rural practice is important in order to help provide access to care for the 20% of the US population who live in rural America. Knowing which medical school applicants will go into rural practice is an inexact science, although the objective predictive characteristics of future rural doctors are well known and evident in the literature. The role of rural program directors is to identify which applicants will likely choose a FM residency, done primarily by identifying which rural predictive characteristics the applicants possess. Admissions committee members are not expected to determine the likely practice locations of rural applicants, and need only have the responsibility of determining which applicants should become physicians.

Family-focused obesity prevention program implementation in urban versus rural communities: a case study

Purpose Despite public health efforts to reduce childhood obesity, there remains an unequal distribution of obesity among rural and urban children, with higher rates in rural areas. However, few studies have compared differences in program delivery. This paper aims to describe differences between an urban and rural program delivery of a family-focused, community-based intervention program to prevent and reduce obesity among children. Methods This paper uses a case study format to provide a descriptive analysis of similar obesity prevention programs, designed by the same research team, implemented in Minnesota in different settings (i.e., an urban and rural setting) with significant community engagement in the adaptation process. The rural NU-HOME program is compared to HOME-Plus, an urban family-based obesity prevention program for school-aged children. Results Community engagement in the adaptation process of an urban program to a rural program confirmed some anticipated program content and delivery similarities while identifying key differences that were necessary for adaptation related to engagement with the community, recruitment and data collection, and intervention delivery. Discussion When adapting research-tested programs from urban to rural areas, it is important to identify the modifiable behavioral, social, and environmental factors associated with obesity to ensure the content of effective childhood obesity prevention programs is relevant. Customizing a program to meet the needs of the community may increase reach, engagement, and sustainability. In addition, long-term dissemination of a tailored program may significantly reduce childhood obesity in rural communities and be implemented in other rural settings nationally.

Pengaruh Pemberian Bantuan Langsung Masyarakat, Pinjaman Bergulir, Pelatihan Dan Pendampingan Terhadap Peningkatan Mata Pencaharian Keluarga (PMPK) (Studi Pada Program PNPM Mandiri Pedesaan Pada Anggota Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat Di Kecamatan Jumantono Karanganyar)

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bantuan langsung masyarakat, pinjaman bergulir, pelatihan dan pendampingan terhadap Peningkatan Mata Pencaharian Keluarga (PMPK) anggota Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat (KSM) melalui program PNPM pedesaan di Kecamatan Jumantono Karanganyar baik secara pasial maupun secara simultan. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah: diduga pemberian bantuan langsung masyarakat, pinjaman bergulir, pelatihan dan pendampingan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Peningkatan Mata Pencaharian Keluarga (PMPK) anggota Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat (KSM) melalui program PNPM pedesaan di Kecamatan Jumantono Karanganyar baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan. Data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari jawaban kuesioner. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan sebanyak 84 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitia ini adalah analisis data deskriptif, uji regresi berganda, uji t, uji F dan uji koefisien determinasi. Hasil analisis regresi diperoleh persamaan regresi: Y = -4,118 + 0,539X1 + 0,508 X2 + 0,242 X3. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan pemberian bantuan langsung masyarakat, pinjaman bergulir, pelatihan dan pendampingan berpengaruh terhadap Peningkatan Mata Pencaharian Keluarga (PMPK) anggota Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat (KSM) melalui program PNPM pedesaan di Kecamatan Jumantono Karanganyar baik secara pasial maupun secara simultan. ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the effect of providing direct community assistance, revolving loans, training and mentoring to increase family livelihoods (PMPK) members of Community Self-help Groups (KSM) through the PNPM rural program in Jumantono Karanganyar District both pasially and simultaneously. The hypothesis in this study is: allegedly providing direct community assistance, revolving loans, training and mentoring has a significant effect on increasing family livelihoods (PMPK) members of Community Self-help Groups (KSM) through the PNPM rural program in Jumantono Karanganyar District, both partially and simultaneously. The data needed in this study are primary data obtained from the answers to the questionnaire. The research sample used was 84 respondents. Analysis of the data used in this research is descriptive data analysis, multiple regression test, t test, F test and coefficient of determination test. Regression analysis results obtained by the regression equation: Y = -4,118 + 0,539X1 + 0,508 X2 + 0,242 X3. Data analysis in this study can be concluded that direct community assistance, revolving loans, training and mentoring have an effect on increasing family livelihoods (PMPK) members of Community Self-help Groups (KSM) through the PNPM rural program in Jumantono Karanganyar District, both pasially and simultaneously.

Programa de Redução da Pobreza Rural no Pará: um olhar sobre a construção da governança ## Rural Poverty Reduction Program in Pará: a view of the governance construction

ResumoO formato construído para programas de redução da pobreza rural pressupõe uma interação entre financiadores (no caso em estudo, Banco Mundial), governos, comunidades locais e demais parceiros para o desenvolvimento de projetos. Em razão disso, estudar como a governança se reflete nos projetos é de fundamental importância. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a governança nos projetos apoiados pelo Programa Pará Rural, nos municípios de Acará e Tracuateua, no Estado do Pará.Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória com abordagem qualitativa que se baseou em observação, pesquisa documental e aplicação de questionários semiestruturados. Como referencial teórico, foram utilizadas as teorias da governança, ação coletiva e a teoria institucional, com foco nos esquemas interpretativos e na construção da estratégia. A pesquisa analisou a governança e os padrões de articulação e cooperação, a forma como se dá a ação coletiva no desenvolvimento do projeto e como as instituições influenciam na formulação estratégica e, consequentemente, na governança das comunidades. Os resultados apontam que, quando o pensamento estratégico não se faz presente e a ação coletiva é frágil, as relações estabelecidas se configuram numa governança desfavorável ao sucesso dos empreendimentos. A pesquisa concluiu que a estratégia e a forma como ocorre a ação coletiva influenciam diretamente na governança.AbstractThe pattern built for rural poverty reduction programs supposes interaction between the sponsors (in this case, the World Bank), Government agents, local communities, and other partners for projects development. Thus, it is the significant importance to study how governance is reflected in projects. The research aims to analyze how has governance been carried out in projects supported by the Pará Rural Program in the municipalities of Acará and Tracuateua, in Pará State. It is a qualitative and exploratory research based on observation, documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. Theoretically, the research takes the institutional theory and the theories of governance and collective action, particularly focusing on interpretive schemes and strategy building. The research analyzed the governance and its pattern of articulation and cooperation, the way of how collective action happens in projects formulation and consequently on the communities’ governance.

Critical Discourse Analysis of Technology-Based Rural Government System in Bengkalis Riau

The Government of Indonesia has formed a team to accelerate the implementation of the Electronic-Based Government System from the national government to the rural government. The main target is the empowerment of the rural government through a technology-based rural government system. By making an application for the rural government system, like ePlanning, eBudgeting, eProcurement, eAudit, etc. One of the areas that are intensely doing this, is the Bengkalis Regency Government, through the implementation of the Broadband Rural program, almost all rurals in Bengkalis Regency already have websites. The interesting question is does the rural have to understand technology? Does the rural have to implement a technology-based government system? Does the state forget that the rural and they community have a Self Governing System?. This will be answered by using discourse analysis. Because discourse believes that power relations in society influence and shape ways, how knowledge is created. The discourse in this paper is the implementation of a Technology-Based Government System, which is believed to be a tool that forms power relations in society through processes of defining, isolating, justifying. This paper then tries to express the state power represented in its efforts to implement a technology-based Rural government system.

Preparing Teachers for Rural Appointments

Rural schools face difficulties recruiting or retaining qualified teachers. Prospective teachers need help better understanding the nature of rural teaching. Despite many pluses, collegial isolation, low salaries, multiple grade or subject teaching assignments, and lack of familiarity with rural schools and communities are challenges to new teachers in rural schools. This study examined nine mid-continent institutions for five components identified as preparing and retaining teachers to teach in rural schools. From the 120 teacher preparation institutions in the mid-continent, 17 confirmed the existence of a rural program emphasis. Nine of the 17 had three or more rural programs. Three of the nine programs offered options for teachers to receive multiple certifications. As to access, seven of the nine programs offered online courses and four offered courses at more accessible community college campuses. Four of the nine recruited students from rural communities and two programs actively sought student teaching placements in rural schools.

Monitoring and Evaluation of the Agricultural and Rural Renewal Program in Algeria: case of the Ouarsenis area

In Algeria, agriculture continues to suffer from short-term strategies and is unsuitable for the needs of populations and rural areas. This study examines the evaluation of the Agricultural and Rural Program (ARRP) initiated in Algeria for the period (2009-2014). This work was carried in the Ouarsenis area located in the north-west of the country. It is based on regular monitoring on the ground of the rate of achievement of the targets foreseen. We concentrated our efforts on the projects financed by the main intervention funds of this program. The results achieved are far from the targets for the economic component, a situation mainly expressed by the low income of the rural population and the number of jobs created. However, an improvement in the living conditions of the population was recorded in the social component. Concerning the environmental aspect, the results are considered acceptable for the restoration of the forest patrimony and low for the protection of the soil. We believe that this policy rests on foundations that have not really been translated into the field in the continuity of previous approaches and lack of governance with poorly managed material, financial and human resources.