The Problem with “The Measurement Problem”.

This paper argues that the “Measurement Problem” is foundationally moot, using the abstraction of “Color Guessing Game”. It has been reasoned that the preferred question to ask is, once taken the measurement, what is the certainty that the measured physical state of quantum system is the original intended state governed by absolute laws of nature. The certainty of the measured state [[EQUATION]] of the physical system with wave function [[EQUATION]] being the original intended state is given by [[EQUATION]], given that the measurement probe’s wave function interaction with[[EQUATION]] is unknown. It has been argued that measured state’s interactions with other quantum system corresponds to classical reality, which can be changed by the act of measurement.

Protective Measurement—A New Quantum Measurement Paradigm: Detailed Description of the First Realization

We present a detailed description of the experiment realizing for the first time a protective measurement, a novel measurement protocol which combines weak interactions with a “protection mechanism” preserving the measured state coherence during the whole measurement process. Furthermore, protective measurement allows finding the expectation value of an observable, i.e., an inherently statistical quantity, by measuring a single particle, without the need for any statistics. This peculiar property, in sharp contrast to the framework of traditional (projective) quantum measurement, might constitute a groundbreaking advance for several quantum technology related fields.

Sliding Mode Self-Sensing Control of Synchronous Machine Using Super Twisting Interconnected Observers

The aim of this study is to propose a self-sensing control of internal permanent-magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) based on new high order sliding mode approaches. The high order sliding mode control will be combined with the backstepping strategy to achieve global or semi global attraction and ensure finite time convergence. The proposed control strategy should be able to reject the unmatched perturbations and reject the external perturbation. On the other hand, the super-twisting algorithm will be combined with the interconnected observer methodology to propose the multi-input–multi-output observer. This observer will be used to estimate the rotor position, the rotor speed and the stator resistance. The proposed controller and observer ensure the finite-time convergence to the desired reference and measured state, respectively. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the suggested method in the presence of parametric uncertainties and unmeasured load torque at various speed ranges.

What is the minimum CHSH score certifying that a state resembles the singlet?

A quantum state can be characterized from the violation of a Bell inequality. The well-known CHSH inequality for example can be used to quantify the fidelity (up to local isometries) of the measured state with respect to the singlet state. In this work, we look for the minimum CHSH violation leading to a non-trivial fidelity. In particular, we provide a new analytical approach to explore this problem in a device-independent framework, where the fidelity bound holds without assumption about the internal working of devices used in the CHSH test. We give an example which pushes the minimum CHSH threshold from ≈2.0014 to ≈2.05, far from the local bound. This is in sharp contrast with the device-dependent (two-qubit) case, where entanglement is one-to-one related to a non-trivial singlet fidelity. We discuss this result in a broad context including device-dependent/independent state characterizations with various classical resources.

The Problem with the "Measurement Problem"

This paper argues that the “Measurement Problem” is foundationally moot using the abstraction of “Color Guessing Game”. It has been reasoned that the preferred question to ask is, once taken the measurement, what is the certainty that the measured physical state of quantum system is the original intended state governed by absolute laws of nature. The certainty of the measured state |𝜙𝑘〉 of the physical system with wave function |𝜓〉=Σ𝑐𝑖|𝜙𝑖〉𝑖 being the original intended state is given by 𝑃(|𝜙𝑘〉)𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑦=|𝑐𝑘|2Σ|𝑐𝑖|2𝑖∙[|𝑐𝑘|2Σ|𝑐𝑗|2𝑗]𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, given that the measurement probe’s wave function interaction with |𝜓〉 is unknown. It has been argued that measured state’s interactions with other quantum system corresponds to classical reality, which can be changed by the act of measurement

Monitoring of air tunnels in a cylindrical storage device using ECT tomography

This article focuses on the monitoring of air tunnels in sand, which in common practice are characterised as flow disturbances in the flow of bulk materials inside storage devices, hoppers, silos etc. In this case air tunnels are monitored by the ECT (Electrical Capacitance Tomography) method. The basic principle of the ECT tomographic method is the measurement of permittivity of a measured non-conducting medium. The results gained by an ECT device are then compared with the real, precisely defined measured state. The measured results show that the monitoring of flow disturbances in storage devices using ECT is a new method which does not use optical methods during measurement.

An Overview of Microfinance in India and Its Role in Financing Poor Women

Microfinance is considered as one of the most potential and successful tools which battle against poverty in the way of financing people with small financial need and helping poor women financially in less developed countries like India. It is a well-recognized notion that without upliftment of the condition of women in a society a nation cannot be developed in a competitive world. Microfinance may in fact help women to gain respect in her family and realize more self-confidence in socially defined roles. The chapter discusses the conceptual framework of microfinance growth of SHG-linked microfinance program and different types of microfinance services in India. Also, this chapter depicts how women are financially benefitted from microfinance institution through self-help groups and measured state-wise microfinance penetration index (MPI) in India. The findings of this study show that there have been favorable changes in the microfinance variables considered.

State Anxiety, Mood, and Emotional Effects of Negative TV News Depend on Burnout

In this study we discuss the impact of negative TV news based on the viewers’ burnout. We conducted 3 (burnout level: unformed, under development, and formed) x 3 (state anxiety, mood, and emotions) within-subject experiment. We measured state anxiety and mood with a questionnaire on a pre-to-post basis to find out changes due to viewing negative TV news. Besides, we employed Facial Actions Coding System to assess emotions during viewing based on facial reactions analysis. Overall, 47 healthy volunteers (19 male and 28 female university students), aged 17 to 23 years old, participated in the study. We found the most significant impact of negative TV news in the group of participants whose burnout level was under development. Exposure to negative TV news elicited state anxiety pre-to-post change only in this group (p > .05). Mood worsened in all burnout groups. Negative TV news reports elicited mainly fear and anger that covered over 75 % of all facial reactions. In addition, contempt and surprise decreased with the development of burnout. However, emotions elicited by negative TV news did not vary greatly between burnout groups. Consequently, among the participants without symptoms of burnout or those with fully formed burnout, we detected weaker impact of negative TV news.