Problems and trends of legal regulation of the heat energy market in the Russian Federation and legal support of competition in the heat energy market

Despite the seemingly active development of legal regulation of the heat energy market, there are gaps and contradictions in the legal regulation, in the legal provision of competition in the heat energy market, which draw the attention of representatives of the expert community and government agencies. A significant number of legal disputes in the field of heat supply and acts of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation also indicate problems in legal regulation. Based on the results of legal analysis of legal regulation and law enforcement practice, proposals were made to introduce the following provisions into the model of legal regulation: maintaining a register of companies that sell heat energy, including data on the financial, technological, and personnel status; licensing the activities of companies that sell heat energy; licensing of companies that provide services to heat networks and heat supply facilities, including heat‑receiving equipment for consumers; introduction of a system for intelligent accounting of heat consumption.

Assessment of the state of the heat economy of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

The article assesses the state of the heat economy of the Northern region. The purpose of the article is to reveal the reasons for chronic backwardness of the region's industry from the average Russian indicators. To achieve the goal, solved the following problems: the features of heat economy in the North, analyzes the housing development, production and consumption of heat energy, as the sources of heat energy and heat networks, and also reforms in the heat economy of the region, based on which conclusions on assessment of the heat economy of the region. In recent years, there has been a twofold decrease in the rate of renewal of fixed assets of the heat economy against the norm, low rates of introduction of the resource-saving technologies in the heat economy, and in general, in the housing and communal services of the region. The level of marginal balance of supply and demand in the heat energy market is determined. The article is written to correct the decisions of the Federal and regional Executive authorities in terms of ensuring the reliability of heat economy of the Northern region.

METHODICAL APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF THE TARIFF POLICY OF THERMAL ENERGY PRODUCTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF MULTI-FUEL MODE

Introduction. In the conditions of formation a society of sustainable development the important task of the communal heat power engineering of Ukraine is to provide housing and communal, budget, social, and commercial spheres with the services on the supply of thermal energy at the level of European standards. However, the institutional, organizational and economic environment that has developed in municipal heat and power engineering does not allow solving this issue in its entirety. The urgency of the problem is exacerbated in the context of the integration intentions of Ukraine. Ukraine in its legislative initiatives declares the choice of a European model for the functioning of energy markets, as well as its desire to integrate into the European energy space, which requires the development of market relations in areas where the regime of natural monopoly operates. Formation of market relations in the municipal heat energy market means the development of a competitive environment and the emergence of independent heat energy producers using different types of fuels. The cost of producing heat depends on the type of fuel, that is, the market has a multi-fuel mode of its production. For this reason, the problem of tariff policy formation, which would reflect the economic relations that are emerging in the market, arises. Purpose. The article aims to substantiate and develop practical recommendations for the formation of the tariff policy of thermal energy production in Ukraine in the conditions of multi-fuel mode. Results. The basic models of the functioning have been determined with the help of systematization and generalization of international experience of functioning of competitive markets of thermal energy in developed countries. In this context, the basic model of functioning of the competitive heat energy market has been determined. This model is defined as an acceptable one for Ukrainian realities. It is determined that an acceptable model for developing a competitive environment in the heat energy market is the "Single Buyer" model, which is a compromise in modern Ukrainian economic realities. This model gives a moderate reduction in the average weighted tariff for the end user, stimulates the operator to increase the efficiency of its own production, and fosters fair competition between the operator and the independent producer.

Optimization of Developing Heat Supply System in Competitive Market Environment

The paper is aimed at working out the mathematical models and methods to solve the problems of operation of developing heat supply systems in a competitive market environment. The formation of new principles of functioning in this field is conditioned by the market mechanisms emerging due to the interaction between different owners of heat economy facilities within the single system. Today heat energy markets are represented by a great number of enterprises with different types of ownership that operate heat energy sources and heat networks. It is obvious that such a situation explicitly causes conflicts of interests among the heat energy market participants and unbalances the responsibility for production reliability, heat energy supply efficiency and its quality among the participants of centralized heat supply (heat sources – heat networks - consumers). A reasonable solution to this problem can make it possible to determine optimal conditions for operation of the developing heat energy market, and their implementation can increase technical, economic and energy efficiency of heat energy. These problems are solved by using the methods of hydraulic circuit theory, nonlinear dynamic programming and two level programming. The studies performed allowed the creation of mathematical models and methods for optimal construction of efficient heat supply systems, organization of their operation that ensure the realization of full energy saving potential in the field of heat supply to consumers, taking into account the interests of all participants of the heat energy market.