global estimates
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2022 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 336-351
Author(s):  
Zhong Peng ◽  
Ronglin Tang ◽  
Yazhen Jiang ◽  
Meng Liu ◽  
Zhao-Liang Li

Icarus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 114697
Author(s):  
Ming Ma ◽  
Bingze Li ◽  
Shengbo Chen ◽  
Tianqi Lu ◽  
Peng Lu ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Katherine Ogurtsova ◽  
Leonor Guariguata ◽  
Noël C Barengo ◽  
Paz Lopez-Doriga Ruiz ◽  
Julian W. Sacre ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya Vystavna ◽  
Astrid Harjung ◽  
Lucilena R. Monteiro ◽  
Ioannis Matiatos ◽  
Leonard I. Wassenaar

AbstractGlobal warming is considered a major threat to Earth’s lakes water budgets and quality. However, flow regulation, over-exploitation, lack of hydrological data, and disparate evaluation methods hamper comparative global estimates of lake vulnerability to evaporation. We have analyzed the stable isotope composition of 1257 global lakes and we find that most lakes depend on precipitation and groundwater recharge subsequently altered by catchment and lake evaporation processes. Isotope mass-balance modeling shows that ca. 20% of water inflow in global lakes is lost through evaporation and ca. 10% of lakes in arid and temperate zones experience extreme evaporative losses >40 % of the total inflow. Precipitation amount, limnicity, wind speed, relative humidity, and solar radiation are predominant controls on lake isotope composition and evaporation, regardless of the climatic zone. The promotion of systematic global isotopic monitoring of Earth’s lakes provides a direct and comparative approach to detect the impacts of climatic and catchment-scale changes on water-balance and evaporation trends.


Author(s):  
Pilar Fernández-Calle ◽  
Jorge Díaz-Garzón ◽  
William Bartlett ◽  
Sverre Sandberg ◽  
Federica Braga ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives Testing for thyroid disease constitutes a high proportion of the workloads of clinical laboratories worldwide. The setting of analytical performance specifications (APS) for testing methods and aiding clinical interpretation of test results requires biological variation (BV) data. A critical review of published BV studies of thyroid disease related measurands has therefore been undertaken and meta-analysis applied to deliver robust BV estimates. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted for BV studies of thyroid related analytes. BV data from studies compliant with the Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist (BIVAC) were subjected to meta-analysis. Global estimates of within subject variation (CVI) enabled determination of APS (imprecision and bias), indices of individuality, and indicative estimates of reference change values. Results The systematic review identified 17 relevant BV studies. Only one study (EuBIVAS) achieved a BIVAC grade of A. Methodological and statistical issues were the reason for B and C scores. The meta-analysis derived CVI generally delivered lower APS for imprecision than the mean CVA of the studies included in this systematic review. Conclusions Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of BV of thyroid disease biomarkers have enabled delivery of well characterized estimates of BV for some, but not all measurands. The newly derived APS for imprecision for both free thyroxine and triiodothyronine may be considered challenging. The high degree of individuality identified for thyroid related measurands reinforces the importance of RCVs. Generation of BV data applicable to multiple scenarios may require definition using “big data” instead of the demanding experimental approach.


Author(s):  
Guilherme Borges ◽  
José Ángel García‐Pacheco ◽  
Itziar Familiar‐Lopez

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