Results of the XVIth International congress of steelmakes

From May 24 to May 27, 2021 the XVIth International of steelmakers took place in Ekaterinburg, in which 324 specialists took part. The Congress began from the plenary session following by the work in the four sections: “Ore processing, reducing processes, blast furnase and nonblast-furnace ironmaking”, “Technologies of steel production, simulation and process control”, “Casting, crystallization and finishing properties of steel”, “Energy effectiveness, resources saving and ecology”. More than 80 reports were delivered and discussed. Within the congress a competition of young specialists (students and postgraduates) was organized. An innovation of the congress was organization of round tables, where actual items were being discussed. The activity of the participants showed a high actuality of both the subjects and the parties dialog format. The company “VPO Steel” organized a round table “The role of refractories in metallurgy”. Representatives of largest metallurgical companies took part in the discussion. Round table “Perspetives of carbonless metallurgy – a myth ar reality” attracted lively interest of the participants. The participants of the round table heard the reports by subjects related to decrease of carbon footprint and problems of hydrogen energetics development in steel industry. The closing plenary meeting of the XVIth congress of steelmakers was devoted to discussion of the results of sections work and elaboration of some recomendationd, made as a resolution.

EARTH AS PRIMORDIALLY HYDROGEN-RICH PLANET: HYPOTHESIS AND REALITY

The article is focused on the role of natural hydrogen in the Earth geodynamics and energy potential. With a proper consideration of the physical parameters of the Earth’s core and mantle, we discuss the aspects of the Hydridic Earth (or Primordially Hydrogen-Rich Planet) theory, which is currently used as a fundamental hypothesis in modern projects aimed at hydrogen energetics.A probability of finding natural hydrogen deposits in sedimentary traps is estimated. It is shown that the volume of deep degassing of hydrogen can be calculated from various cosmological, petrophysical and geochemical data, and an average volume is two orders of magnitude less than the amount predicted by the Hydridic Earth hypothesis. This hypothesis gives grounds to conclude that the major part of Earth’s mantle is a metal sphere; however, this conclusion is not supported by the geological and geophysical data.

Normative documents on fire safety of infrastructure objects of hydrogen energetic

Рассмотрены российские и международные нормативные документы, отражающие специфические требования к объектам инфраструктуры водородной энергетики, к числу которых следует отнести объекты получения газообразного (GH) и сжиженного (LH) водорода, хранилища водорода (газообразного, сжиженного и в виде гидридов металлов), автозаправочные станции с использованием GH и LH в качестве моторного топлива, энергетические установки с применением водорода, предприятия по обслуживанию автомобилей на водородном моторном топливе. Выявлено, что в настоящее время в Российской Федерации отсутствуют нормативные правовые документы, определяющие специфические требования к перечисленным выше объектам водородной энергетики, а нормативные документы в указанной области весьма немногочисленны. Среди международных нормативных документов в первую очередь следует отметить стандарт NFPA 2, детально регламентирующий требования пожарной безопасности для объектов инфраструктуры водородной энергетики. Представляется целесообразной разработка российских нормативных правовых и нормативных документов в рассматриваемой области, учитывающих передовой международный опыт. Nowadays many countries produce measures for a transfer of their economics to an application of a hydrogen energetics. Because of a high fire hazard of hydrogen it is very important to ensure fire safety of infrastructure objects of the hydrogen energetics. The infrastructure objects of the hydrogen energetics are the facilities for production and storage of hydrogen, transportation of gaseous (GH) and liquid (LH) hydrogen, application of hydrogen for an energy generation, car refuelling stations etc. Fire safety normative documents are based on scientific studies of Russian and foreign investigators. Russian normative documents in the area considered are analyzed in this work. A draft of the Technical Regulation on a safety of the facilities aimed at production, storage, transportation and application of hydrogen is the most important one. This document contains a lot of specific requirements which should be used independently of a type of the hydrogen facility. Therefore this document can be considered as extremely “rigid” for a practical application. A set of rules SP 162.1330610.2014 is aimed at the regulation of the safety requirements for the facilities using liquid hydrogen. The document PB 03-598-03 considers the safety requirements for a production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water. There was concluded that Russian normative basis is not sufficient for a development of the hydrogen energetics. The standard NFPA 2 can be considered as the most important normative document containing safety requirements for the facilities for production, storage, transportation and application of hydrogen in a gaseous and a liquid phase. This standard contains both general and specific requirements for the infrastructure objects such as car refuelling stations, storages of hydrogen in the gaseous and the liquid phase and also using metal hydrides, hydrogen production facilities, energy generation objects using hydrogen, technological equipment containing hydrogen, laboratory facilities, car parks for the cars using hydrogen as a fuel etc. A conclusion was made that the requirements of NFPA 2 can be used at the creation of the Russian normative basis for hydrogen energetics.

Normative regulation of fire safety of infrastructural objects of hydrogen energetics

Introduction. Now many countries produce measures for a transfer of their economics to an application of a hydrogen energetics. Because of a high fire hazard of hydrogen a fire safety provision of infrastructural objects of the hydrogen energetics is a very important task. The infrastructural objects of the hydrogen energetics are the facilities aimed on a production and storage of hydrogen, transportation of gaseous (GH2) and liquid (LH2) hydrogen, an application of hydrogen for an energy generation, car refueling stations etc. Scientific basis for a creation of the fire safety normative documents was laid in studies of Russian and foreign investigators.Russian normative documents. Russian normative documents in the area considered are analyzed in this work. A draft of the Technical Regulation on a safety of the facilities aimed on production, storage, transportation and application of hydrogen is the most important among them. This document contains a lot of specific requirements which should be used independently of a type of the hydrogen facility. Therefore this document can be considered as extremely “rigid” for a practical applications. A set of rules SP 162.1330610.2014 is aimed on the regulation of the safety requirements for the facilities using liquid hydrogen. The document PB 03-598-03 considers the safety requirements for a production of hydrogen by an electrolysis of water. A conclusion was made that Russian normative basis is not sufficient for a development of the hydrogen energetics.Standard NFPA 2. The standard NFPA 2 can be considered as a most important normative document containing the safety requirements for the facilities for production, storage, transportation and application of hydrogen in a gaseous and a liquid phase. This standard contains both general and specific requirements for the infrastructural objects such as car refueling stations, storages of hydrogen in the gaseous and the liquid phase and also using metal hydrides, hydrogen production facilities, energy generation objects using hydrogen, technological equipment containing hydrogen, laboratory facilities, car parks for the cars using hydrogen as a fuel etc.Conclusions. It was found that there is no comprehensive set of the normative documents regulating fire safety of infrastructural objects of hydrogen energetics. The series of the Russian normative documents in this area which should be created was proposed. A conclusion was made that the requirements of NFPA 2 can be used at a creation of the Russian normative basis of the hydrogen energetics.