Anatomy, Sonographic Features, and Dimensional Variations of Spleen among Individuals with Different Sociodemographic and Anthropometric Measurement

The spleen is a vital lymphoid soft organ located in the left hypochondrium region. It is a multi-dimensional organ that enlarges in all dimensions during some disease conditions. Recently, splenomegaly prevalence has been increasing throughout the world. Due to the lack of attention in clinical practice, splenomegaly has become quite a common problem in all parts of the world. The detection of the spleen by palpation is not approval of enlarged spleen because normal spleen may be palpable. A detailed knowledge of morphometric variations of the spleen is of great value in diagnosing splenomegaly clinically, radiologically, and for surgical procedures. Measurement of spleen size by sonography is important as it gives true result than splenic palpation and for identification of disorders present with enlargement or reduction of the spleen. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the anatomy, sonography, and dimensional variation of spleen among individuals with different sociodemographic and anthropometric measurements. The current study reviews different types of literature conducted on spleen all over the world. The result from overall spleen dimensions review shows measurements vary: spleen length (7–14 cm), spleen width (2–7.5 cm), spleen thickness (2–7 cm), and spleen volume (20–350 cm3). The literature revealed that spleen dimensions are affected by geographical differences, races, nutritional status, physical exercise, and anthropometric measurements. The result from reviews shows that spleen dimensions are larger in males than females. As age increases, spleen dimensions significantly decrease. Spleen dimensions positively correlate with height, weight, body mass index, and body surface of individuals. The spleen dimensions were higher in males than in females and have significant positive correlation with height, weight, body mass index, and body surface area. Clinicians, radiologists, and surgeons should confirm splenomegaly by both palpation and sonography. Spleen dimensions variation due to geographical sex, age, and other anthropometric measurements should be taken into consideration during their clinical investigation. Radiologists should measure all dimensions of spleen rather than the length to rule out splenomegaly correctly.

Management of obesity with integrated Ayurveda and Yoga intervention: A case report

Obesity is the disease of nutritional deficiency which leads to abnormal growth of adipose tissue resulting in an increase in the body weight to the extent of 20% or more of standard weight for the person’s age, sex, and height. Obesity is one side of the double burden of malnutrition, and today more people are obese than underweight. In Ayurveda Obesity is classified under santarpanjanya rogas and ashtaninditiya purusha by Acharya Charaka. Ayurveda attributes concept of Dosha, dhatus and Mala in which any vikriti in any of dhatus, pramanatah or gunatah then it firmly affects both body and mind. Yoga and Ayurveda both spring as a greater part of spiritual and mental aspect of treatment. Considering all these factors this study is carried out to understand cause, cause effect relationship as well as treatment. In this case study patient was treated with Udwarthana, Shodhana and Shamana chikitsa, also advised Ahara (scheduled diet) and Vihara (life style modification) for the management of obesity. This showed a significant change in anthropometric measurement.

Role of Nasal parameters in gender determination among medical students

Introduction: Anthropometric measurement of the nose has a great importance to differentiate gender, race, and ethnicity. Nasal index is an important parameter in forensic sciences and rhinoplasty surgery. Our aim is to compare the nasal index of both males and females and its role to identify gender differences among medical students. Methods: First and second year medical students were chosen and height, breadth and nasal index were calculated. The height and width of the nose was measured using a vernier caliper. The nasal index of both males and females were calculated and compared and based on this, the nasal shape was also determined. Results: Among 184 total participants, 114 (61.9%) were Nepalese and 70 (38.1%) were Indian. In the Nepalese cohort, mean nasal height for male students was 4.58 ± 0.37 cm which was higher than females (4.39 ± 0.34 cm). The mean nasal index was higher among males in students of both the countries. The mesorrhine was most common type of morphology found among all students. Conclusions: Nasal index of male medical students was significantly higher than females. Mesorrhine nose was the commonest type of nose in our study. This information may be used to estimate gender differences.

A study of height, weight and body mass index in Nepalese

Introduction: The height measurement is an important anthropometric measurement which can be directly correlated with health status of an individual. Body weight of an individual refers to total body mass and is also important indicator of health status of people. Body mass index (BMI) is a key index for relating weight to height. It is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, The BMI is an attempt to quantify the amount of body tissue mass in an individual, and then categorize that the person as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese. Objectives: To find out the average height and weight, to calculate BMI and find out its average value and to correlate height and weight in Nepalese population. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in subjects from different parts of Nepal. Three hundred twenty one healthy subjects of 25-40 years of age group were studied. Height and weight of subjects were recorded and BMI was calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Result: In overall Nepalese population, Mean height was found to be 156.6 ± 6.3 cm; mean weight 56.6 ± 11.4 kg and BMI 20.9 ± 1.8 kg/m2. Pearson’s correlation co-efficient(r) for height and weight was 0.88. Conclusion: There was partial positive correlation between height and weight. There was statistically significant difference in height, weight and BMI between Nepalese male and female(p<0.05).

The Effect of Rotator Cuff Injury Rehabilitation Program according to Anthropometric Measurements in Volleyball Players from Sulaymaniyah Governorate

The researchers aimed at designing a rehabilitation program using stretching exercises and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF). The researchers used the experimental methods on (9) young volleyball players to conclude that stretching exercises have a good effect on PNF rehabilitation in rotator cuff injury according to the anthropometric measurement for volleyball players as well as stretching exercises that develop proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) have a positive effect on rehabilitating rotator cuff injury in muscle, tendons according to anthropometric measurement.

Asessment of protein energy malnutrition among the 6 to 59 months age children in sinkat locality red sea state

Asessment of protein energy malnutrition among the 6 to 59 months age children in sinkat locality red sea state Poor children feeding practices can lead to malnutrition which is a major public health problem in developing countries including sudan. This cross sectional study was conducted during May 2011 to May 2012 to measure the prevalence rate of PEM among children of 6-59 months age and to assess the knowledge ,attitudes of mothers towards their children nutrition. A stratified sampling techniques were used for selected 384 children . The data collected by questionnaire and anthropometric measurement for weight & height of children and then categorized according to WHO guidelines. The result revealed that the prevalence rate was 72% ,most infected age range between 1 to 3years,only (27% ) of mothers continue breast feeding when children were infected with diarrhoea, also the result indicated that there is a significant relationship between the protein energy malnutrition and age of the children and family size , also the study indicated that the persistent diarrhea or repeated attacks of acute respirotary infection, malaria and measles were underlying causes of PEM particularly for children in border line. Therefore , increasing awareness to mothers about the nutrition ,and improvement of economic status of families is recommended.

BODY HEIGHT AND ITS ESTIMATION UTILIZING ARM SPAN MEASUREMENTS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITY OF SANAAAND UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN SANAA CITY,YEMEN: AN ANTHROPOMETRIC STUDY

Background: Arm span is the most reliable anthropometric measurement to estimate the height of an individual. Objective the present study was under taken to measure the height as well as arm span and to determine whether there is any correlation between the height and the arm spanamong medical students in university of Sanaa as the government university and university of science and technology(UST) as the private university in Sanaa city, Yemen. Cross sectional study was carried out with a total number of 396, with equal size of gender, aged between 17 to 27 years. Height and arm span were measured by using anthropometric techniqueconducted from October to December 2020. The data statistically analyzed by computation to find out its normative value. The relationship between body height and arm span were determined using simple correlation coefficients. Result: males had higher means in height and arm span, the differences weresignificant.All parameters were higher for students of UST, differences arm span were significant (p values < 0.05), no significant differences were found according to their study level, the difference in height and arm span between males and females weresignificant, there were a strong positive correlation between arm span and height. The correlation coefficient for males was 0.555, for females was 0.602, and overall correlation for total sample was 0.762. In conclusion these correlations were statistically significant.Therefore, the arm span measure seems to be a reliable indirect anthropometric measurement for estimating body height in adults.

AN INVESTIGATION OF EATING AWARENESS RISK FACTORS IN A DISTRICT FACULTY AND VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS

AIM: This research was carried out to evaluate the awareness of eating in students studying at the college and to determine the factors affecting it. METHOD: This cross-sectional study, which was carried out in students of a district faculty and vocational school with 1750 students, was applied to 330 students face-to-face with a random sampling method. Eating awareness and affecting factors were examined and the factors examined by single analyzes were resolved by multiple linear regression. RESULTS: In the study group, 66.5% of whom were women and approximately half of them were in 1 class, the factors affecting eating awareness were found to be increased by not using alcohol, seeing the body as normal or weak and making applications to lose weight. In the study, it was determined that the awareness of eating classes, exercise, smoking status and anthropometric measurement differences did not affect eating awareness. CONCLUSION: Alcohol use and studies on improving the body perceptions of people should be done in applications aimed at increasing awareness of eating.