REGULATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY IN ART WORKSHOPS ST. PETERSBURG ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (1720-1760)

Проведено историко-педагогическое исследование становления нормативной базы художественного образования в России. Определены регламенты подготовки мастеров художественных ремесел в различных ведомствах Санкт-Петербургской академии наук: Канцелярии от строений, Кабинете императорского двора, Гоф-интендантской конторе, Адмиралтейств-коллегии, Рисовальной палате, Типографии, Мануфактур-коллегии. Изучены предпосылки формирования центра художественного образования и системы обучения будущих мастеров изобразительного искусства . A historical and pedagogical study of the formation of the normative base of art education in Russia is carried out. The regulations for the training of masters of artistic crafts in various departments of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences are defined: The Office of the buildings, the Office of the Imperial court, the Quartermaster's Office, the Admiralty Board, the Drawing Chamber, the Printing House, the Manufactory Board. The prerequisites for the formation of an art education center and a training system for future masters of fine arts are studied.

Improvement on the Efficiency of Drawing during the Production of Microfibrillar Composites

The feasibility of manufacturing microfibrillar composites (MFCs) and their novel applications have been studied to a significant extend. In order to achieve commercially viable production rate of MFC materials, consistent fabrication has to be guaranteed. However, it has been shown that continuous production of MFC materials has certain difficulties need to be overcome. This study aims at identifying the production problems and improving the efficiency of manufacturing MFC materials. MFC manufacturing has been reasonably successful by drawing poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/polypropylene (PP) blends. However, when the PP in the polymer blends is replaced by polyethylene (PE) for its ease of subsequent manufacturing, irregular breakage persistently occurs during drawing and this phenomenon also occasionally happens for PP/PET blends. This study involves melt blending of linear low density polyethylene and linear medium density polyethylene with PET in a single screw extruder with 70/30 wt%. Drawing was conducted at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 70°C and with draw ratios of between 1:5 and 1:7. The test results, when comparing MFC with pure PE, show 60% and 80% increase in specific tensile strength and specific tensile stiffness, respectively. It is concluded that by carefully controlling the temperature profile within the drawing chamber and using a moderate draw ratio (1:5), an efficient drawing process can be achieved to produce commercial MFC materials.

V.—Message from King James I. to the Earl of Somerset, in the case of Sir Thomas Overbury, sent on the 29th of December, 1615, through Sir George More, Lieutenant of the Tower: communicated from the Manuscripts at Loseley

On Friday the 29th of December the King his Matie sent for the Lieutenant of the Tower, and in his Maties wtdrawing chamber sayed unto hym—I wold have you to tell yor prisoner that I am sory to see that he continues still to take the wrong course to his owne hurt in this buisines, as he hath don sins the beginning of it.