Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Coated Carica papaya Extracts for Solid-State Application

The evolution of semiconductor from the conventional type to organic semiconductor has not convincingly shown that it is eco-friendly both in the short and long term. This research presents the green solution bio-semiconductor that was synthesized from zinc coated carica papaya. It was observed that carica papaya extracts do not respond significantly to the extracting solution (methanol, ethanol and butanol). The band gap of sample 1 (extract in methanol solution), sample 2 (extract in ethanol solution) and sample 3 (extract in butanol solution) was calculated as 1.98 eV, 2.01eV and 1.93 eV respectively. Further research is therefore recommended for the perfection of the bio-semiconductor.

Intrinsically Stable Wide Band Gap Br-Free CsxFA1-xPbI3 (x=0.5-0.9) Perovskites Overcoming Phase Segregation

<p>A ~20 nm thick compact TiO₂ was deposited on patterned FTO (TEC-7) by spray pyrolysis of 0.2 M Ti (IV) bis(ethylacetoacetate)-diisopropoxide 1-butanol solution at 450 ºC followed by annealing at 450 ºC for one hour. The perovskite precursor solution was prepared by dissolving CsI, FAI, PbI₂ and DMAI in 1 mL DMF and was deposited on 70 ℃ preheated c-TiO₂/FTO substrate by spin coating at 3000 rpm for 30 s. The obtained precursor film was annealed at 170℃ for 40 min. A hole-transport material (HTM) solution containing 0.1 M spiro-OMeTAD, 0.035 M Li-TFSi, and 0.12 M 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) in chlorobenzene solution was then spin coated onto the perovskite film at 4000 rpm for 20 s. Finally, a 100 nm thick Ag was deposited as contact layer via thermal evaporator.</p>

Intrinsically Stable Wide Band Gap Br-Free CsxFA1-xPbI3 (x=0.5-0.9) Perovskites Overcoming Phase Segregation

<p>A ~20 nm thick compact TiO₂ was deposited on patterned FTO (TEC-7) by spray pyrolysis of 0.2 M Ti (IV) bis(ethylacetoacetate)-diisopropoxide 1-butanol solution at 450 ºC followed by annealing at 450 ºC for one hour. The perovskite precursor solution was prepared by dissolving CsI, FAI, PbI₂ and DMAI in 1 mL DMF and was deposited on 70 ℃ preheated c-TiO₂/FTO substrate by spin coating at 3000 rpm for 30 s. The obtained precursor film was annealed at 170℃ for 40 min. A hole-transport material (HTM) solution containing 0.1 M spiro-OMeTAD, 0.035 M Li-TFSi, and 0.12 M 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) in chlorobenzene solution was then spin coated onto the perovskite film at 4000 rpm for 20 s. Finally, a 100 nm thick Ag was deposited as contact layer via thermal evaporator.</p>

Alkyl ammonium ion-induced drastic emission enhancement of Eu(D-facam)3 in 1-butanol

Drastic enhancements in both emission intensity and circular polarization of a Eu(iii) complex were achieved in 1-butanol solution in the presence of alkylammonium ions.

Effects of Surface Tension on the Liquid Holdup and Wave Characteristics in Horizontal Annular Two-Phase Flow

The wave characteristics of horizontal annular two-phase flow in 16 mm diameter pipe were experimentally investigated using flush-mounted constant electric current method (CECM) sensors and visual observations. To examine the effect of surface tension on the wave velocity and frequency, air and three kinds of liquids with different surface tension were used, i.e., water, 2%-butanol solution, and 5%-butanol solution. The gas and liquid superficial velocities were varied from 12 to 40 m/s and 0.05 to 0.2 m/s, respectively. The liquid holdup was measured directly using CECM, while the wave velocity and frequency were determined using cross correlation and power spectral density functions of liquid holdup signals. Generally, combination of air and liquid with the highest surface tension gives the highest liquid holdup and wave frequency. Simple correlations for wave velocity and wave frequency were also developed.