Understanding the Influence of Rock Content on Streaming Potential Phenomenon of Soil–Rock Mixture: An Experimental Study

To applicate streaming potential phenomenon to study the seepage feature in the soil–rock mixture (SRM), research on the variation in the streaming potential phenomenon of SRM is the precondition. This paper deals, in assistance with the streaming potential test apparatus, with the streaming potential effect response of SRM subjected to different rock contents. The test results show that when the rock content increases from 10% to 30%, the streaming potential coupling coefficient increases with the increases in rock content at 85% compactness and 0.01 mol L−1 salinity. When the rock content is more than 30%, the streaming potential coupling coefficient decreases with the increases in rock content. As the rock content increases, the permeability coefficient has a negative correlation with the streaming potential coupling coefficient. The streaming potential increases first and then goes down with the increases in rock content, and the streaming potential decreases significantly when the rock content exceeds 50%. The findings indicate that the rock content is the key structural factor that restricts the streaming potential phenomenon of the SRM.

Study on human subjects – influence of stress and alcohol in simulated traffic situations

This report presents a research study plan on human subjects – the influence of stress and alcohol in simulated traffic situations under an H2020 project named SIMUSAFE. This research study focuses on road-users’, i.e., car drivers, motorcyclists, bicyclists and pedestrians, behaviour in relation to retrospective studies, where interaction between the users are considered. Here, the study includes sample size, inclusion/exclusion criteria, detailed study plan, protocols, potential test scenarios and all related ethical issues. The study plan has been included in a national ethics application and received approval for implementation.

Optimizing And Comparative of Polymer-45S5BG and Polymer- HA Coating by Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD)

In this study, two systems of bio-ceramic coating (45S5 bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite) were used in order to compare between them for biomedical applications. Each system consists from two layers of coating done by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique on 316L stainless steel material as substrate. Two types of biopolymer were used (Chitosan with Gelatin) as first layer of coating. Taguchi approach with L9 array was used in order to choose the best conditions (concentrations, voltage and time) for coating layers. Each system consists of two layer (biopolymer (first layer) and bioceramic (second layer)) materials. The optimum parameters for first layer of biopolymer was (3g/L concentration, 20 voltage and 3 minute) while optimum parameter for second layer (6g/L concentration, 30 voltage and 1 minute) for two bioceramic group. Zeta potential test were employed to measure suspensions stability. The tape test method was used to evaluate the adhesion between substrate and coating layers, the results show that the percentage of removal area for optimum coating layer (biopolymer, 45S5 BG and HA 8.06%, 10.668%, 6.23% subsequently). XRD inspection was used for identify the phases of coating layers. The Cyclic polarization test was used for evaluation of pitting corrosion resistance, the results show all layers gives good corrosion resistance but 45S5BG gives the best corrosion resistance when compared with HA system.

The Influence of Low-Temperature Food Waste Biochars on Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste

The proof-of-the-concept of application of low-temperature food waste biochars for the anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste (the same substrate) was tested. The concept assumes that residual heat from biogas utilization may be reused for biochar production. Four low-temperature biochars produced under two pyrolytic temperatures 300 °C and 400 °C and under atmospheric and 15 bars pressure with 60 minutes retention time were used. Additionally, the biochar produced during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was tested. The work studied the effect of a low biochar dose (0.05 gBC x gTSsubstrate-1, or 0.65 gBC x L-1) on AD batch reactors’ performance. The biochemical methane potential test took 21 days and the process kinetics using the first-order model were determined. The results showed that biochars obtained under 400°C with atmospheric pressure and under HTC conditions improve methane yield by 3.6%. It has been revealed that thermochemical pressure influences the electrical conductivity of biochars. The biomethane was produced with a rate (k) of 0.24 d-1, and the most effective biochars increased the biodegradability of FW to 81% in comparison to variants without biochars (75%).

Potential and phylogenetic of superior bacterial isolates in biogas sludge from anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent

The study obtains potential and identifies Superior Bacterial Isolates (SBI), i.e., nitrogen-fixing and phosphate solubilizing from biogas sludge. The potential test was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) within three replications, and the means were determined by ANOVA and DMRT at Р< 0.05. The molecular identification of SBI is used by the PCR-16S rRNA sequencing method. This study was conducted from January to August 2020. The result found in the N3 and P7 from biogas sludge was more potential in the availability of total-N and available-P compared to other isolates. It also was identified as similar to Bacillus paramycoides and Bacillus cereus, respectively. This information can be used as a reference that biogas sludge can be used to support soil fertility.

Biomethane Potential Test To Access The Feasibility of Vegetable And Fruit Waste For Methane Yield Using Different Inoculums To Substrate Ratios

To address the world's energy issue and global climate change, a green, efficient and carbon-neutral renewable energy sourcesare in great demand to replace fossil fuels. The study was undertaken to determine optimal inoculum to substrate ratio for increase in biogas generation via co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste under mesophilic environmental conditions (25–34oC). Biomethane potential of the fruit and vegetable waste was accessed in terms of biogas yield. Digestate from gobar gas plant was taken as inoculum. Biomethane potential (BMP) assay was performed in a 500ml glass bottle with suitable inlet and outlet arrangement for taking feed and collection of biogas. Inoculum to substrateratio chosen for the study was 0.2, 0.3,0.5,0.7 and 0.8. Highest daily biogas yield was obtained for inoculum to substrate ratio of 30: 70 i.e. reactor R2 which is equivalent to 440 ml on day 14 with methane yield of 58%. Cumulative biogas yields for different inoculum to substrate ratio were in the range of 6–11.378 L/day.

Isolation and Evaluation of Antibacterial Potential Test of Plant Carthamus oxycantha

The present investigation was initiated to find a suitable alternative to synthetic antibiotics for the management of diseases caused by bacteria. Carthamus oxycantha.L locally known as wild safflower member of family Asteraceae that grows wildly. The study was conducted using as Agar well diffusion to trace the antibacterial potential for to evaluate the efficiency of ethanolic extract of Carthamus oxycantha with concentration of 05, 10, 15, and 20 mg/ml against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia Coli species and them compared with that of Clindamycin, Ampicillin and Kanamycin (10 mg). Zone of inhibition for the extracts were 10.667 to 20.00 mm as compared to standard drug Clindamycin, Ampicillin and kanamycin (15.00-20.00 mm). Antibacterial assays indicates that Carthamus oxycantha has potential natural antimicrobial agents against E-coli and S. aureus. The findings of the present study suggested that ethanolic extract of C. oxycantha has strong potential to serve as possible antibacterial.

Parameters to be Considered in A Bioequivalence Study of Drug

Bioequivalence is a word used to describe the biological equivalency of two proprietary medication preparations. When two medications are bioequivalent, it indicates they are expected to be the same. Pharmacokinetic studies are used to determine bioequivalence between two medications, such as a reference drug (FDA approved drug) and a potential test drug (marketed generic drug), by administering each drug to volunteers in a cross-over research (healthy individuals). To prepare a drug many aspects need to take into consideration such as in vivo and in vitro study, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and bioavailability of the drug. While designing a drug fasting, oral, crossover study of the drug needs to perform.

Synergistic Effect of Chloroquine and Copper to the Euryhaline Rotifer Proales Similis

Chloroquine (CQ) has been widely used for many years against malaria and various viral diseases. Its important use and high potential to being persistent make it of particular concern for ecotoxicological studies. Here, we evaluated the toxicity of CQ alone and in combination with copper (Cu) to the euryhaline rotifer Proales similis. All experiments were carried out using chronic toxicity reproductive five‐day tests and an application factor (AF) of 0.05, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 by multiplying the 24-h LC50 values of CQ (4250 µg/L) and Cu (68 µg/L). The rate of population increase (r, d-1) ranged from 0.50 to 52 (controls); 0.19 to 0.39 (CQ); 0.09 to 0.42 (Cu); and -0.03 to 0.29 (CQ-Cu) and decreased significantly as the concentration of both chemicals in the medium increased. Almost all tested mixtures induced synergistic effects, mainly as the AF increased. We found that the presence of Cu intensifies the vulnerability of organisms to CQ and vice versa. These results stress the potential hazard that these combined chemicals may have on the aquatic systems. This research suggests that P. similis is sensitive to CQ as other standardized zooplankton species and may serve as a potential test species in the risk assessment of emerging pollutants in marine environments.