Questiones super I-VII libros Politicorum

This volume is the first complete critical edition of Peter of Auvergne’s Questiones super I-VII libros Politicorum. The Questiones was produced at the Faculty of Arts of Paris sometime between late 1291 and 1296 and is the earliest surviving commentary in question form on Aristotle’s Politics. As the introduction explains, the Questiones was philosophically innovative and became the most influential question-commentary on the Politics in the Middle Ages. The volume also includes a critical edition of an earlier oral report (reportatio) of Peter’s teaching on Books I-II and part of III which became the basis for those sections of the Questiones. This volume is of interest to scholars of medieval philosophy and the history of political thought and is a reference point for future research on the medieval reception of Aristotle’s Politics and medieval Aristotelian practical philosophy more broadly.

Controlling Anti-Gay Hate Speech in New Zealand: The Living Word Case from beginning to end

<p>This thesis explores the two attempts to control hate speech against the lesbian, gay and bisexual communities in New Zealand. It argues that freedom of speech is not absolute and there are methods to control it for the good of society. The thesis examined the primary documents, regarding Living Word, tracing the history of that attempt to control the hatred generated by these videos. It examines what happened during that period and how discourse developed, and provides recommendations for future consideration. I argue the videos in question form part of the continuum of discourse surrounding sexual orientation, and inform, and are informed by, the discourse surrounding homosexuality in wider society. Seen as being at one end of the spectrum of that discourse, they encourage discrimination and hatred against members of the non-heterosexual communities, and may therefore be regarded as hate speech. There is little in New Zealand that addresses hate speech against these communities. There have been two attempts to control this type of hate speech. The first was regarding Paul Cameron's Exposing the AIDS Scandal (1988) before the Indecent Publications Tribunal, seeking to have the publication ruled indecent as it held gay men and people living with AIDS as inherently inferior to other people, and it demeaned and degraded them. This attempt failed as the Tribunal held that the invective was not concentrated enough to be classed as hate speech. It did, however, provide a definition of hate speech that can be developed in New Zealand law. The second was the case known as the Living Word case, after the appellant. This complaint to the Office of Film and Literature Classification was laid by the Human Rights Action Group (Wellington) against AIDS: What you haven't been told (1989) and Gay Rights/Special Rights: Inside the homosexual agenda (1993). The videos represent lesbians, gay men, bisexuals and transgender people, and people living with HIV/AIDS, as inferior to other people by reason of their sexuality or HIV status, and degrades, demeans and dehumanises them. Therefore, a classification of objectionable was sought. The Office held the videos to be hateful, but felt that those communities were strong enough to withstand the assault these videos made. On appeal to the Film and Literature Board of Review, the Board concluded the video did treat members of those communities as lesser people, and did degrade, demean and dehumanise them and classified the videos as objectionable. The New Zealand distributors of the videos, Living Word Distributors, appealed to the High Court, which dismissed the appeal. Living Word then appealed to the Court of Appeal, seeking to narrow the gateway of material that could be censored and on the grounds the classification interfered with their freedom of speech. The Court of Appeal overturned the earlier decisions, narrowed the gateway of material that could be censored, and remitted the videos back to the Film and Literature Board of Review. The study concluded that hate speech is, in terms of the Films, Videos and Publications Classification Act, injurious to the public good, and ought to be able to be classified.</p>

Controlling Anti-Gay Hate Speech in New Zealand: The Living Word Case from beginning to end

<p>This thesis explores the two attempts to control hate speech against the lesbian, gay and bisexual communities in New Zealand. It argues that freedom of speech is not absolute and there are methods to control it for the good of society. The thesis examined the primary documents, regarding Living Word, tracing the history of that attempt to control the hatred generated by these videos. It examines what happened during that period and how discourse developed, and provides recommendations for future consideration. I argue the videos in question form part of the continuum of discourse surrounding sexual orientation, and inform, and are informed by, the discourse surrounding homosexuality in wider society. Seen as being at one end of the spectrum of that discourse, they encourage discrimination and hatred against members of the non-heterosexual communities, and may therefore be regarded as hate speech. There is little in New Zealand that addresses hate speech against these communities. There have been two attempts to control this type of hate speech. The first was regarding Paul Cameron's Exposing the AIDS Scandal (1988) before the Indecent Publications Tribunal, seeking to have the publication ruled indecent as it held gay men and people living with AIDS as inherently inferior to other people, and it demeaned and degraded them. This attempt failed as the Tribunal held that the invective was not concentrated enough to be classed as hate speech. It did, however, provide a definition of hate speech that can be developed in New Zealand law. The second was the case known as the Living Word case, after the appellant. This complaint to the Office of Film and Literature Classification was laid by the Human Rights Action Group (Wellington) against AIDS: What you haven't been told (1989) and Gay Rights/Special Rights: Inside the homosexual agenda (1993). The videos represent lesbians, gay men, bisexuals and transgender people, and people living with HIV/AIDS, as inferior to other people by reason of their sexuality or HIV status, and degrades, demeans and dehumanises them. Therefore, a classification of objectionable was sought. The Office held the videos to be hateful, but felt that those communities were strong enough to withstand the assault these videos made. On appeal to the Film and Literature Board of Review, the Board concluded the video did treat members of those communities as lesser people, and did degrade, demean and dehumanise them and classified the videos as objectionable. The New Zealand distributors of the videos, Living Word Distributors, appealed to the High Court, which dismissed the appeal. Living Word then appealed to the Court of Appeal, seeking to narrow the gateway of material that could be censored and on the grounds the classification interfered with their freedom of speech. The Court of Appeal overturned the earlier decisions, narrowed the gateway of material that could be censored, and remitted the videos back to the Film and Literature Board of Review. The study concluded that hate speech is, in terms of the Films, Videos and Publications Classification Act, injurious to the public good, and ought to be able to be classified.</p>

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER PATTERNS AND TOY SELECTION OF PARENTS OF CHILDREN AGED 3-8 LIVING IN ISTANBUL

The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between children and their parents' gender stereotype judgments and toy choices. The study is descriptive and relationship-seeking research using quantitative methods. The universe of the study is that of children aged 3-8 and their parents living in Istanbul. The sample was composed of 360 parents and 360 children selected by the purpose-built sampling method. The study was conducted by researchers through online platforms with a literature review and a survey created with expert opinion. In accordance with the purpose of the study, two forms were created, aimed at parents and aimed at Children. There are 21 Questions in the parent question form and 14 questions in the child question form. Consent was obtained from the participants at the beginning of the survey. The question form includes questions about parents' perceptions of toy choices, gender stereotypes, children's gender stereotypes, and children's toy choices. Research data was collected in April 2021. Data on sociodemographic features were obtained by frequency, number and percentage analysis. It was found using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test whether gender stereotype judgment score and toy selection scores showed normal distribution. It was found that the scores did not show normal distribution, and non-parametric tests were used. Difference analyses between the groups were obtained using the Mann Whitney U test, and the existence of a relationship between the data was obtained using the Spearman correlation analysis. As a result of this research, it was found that sociodemographic characteristics that parents have influence on gender stereotypes, as well as on their and their children's toy choices. It was concluded that the children of parents with high educational status have more egalitarian gender stereotypes and non-gender-specific toy choices compared to children of parents with low educational status. In parents who had a profession and a job where they worked, the results were found to have more egalitarian gender stereotypes than in those who did not have a profession, similar to educational status. On the other hand, parents who have a job, have more egalitarian gender stereotypes than non-working parents. Gender stereotypes for parents with low educational status and non-working and the importance of toy selection for children should be organized.

The lunula pendants from the cemetery of Frontovoe 3 from the Late Roman Period in the South-Western Crimea

The flat cemetery of Frontovoe 3 was discovered in 2018 by a team of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Nakhimovskii district of modern Sevastopol, in the south-western area of the Crimean Peninsula. The site comprising 328 graves was excavated completely. The cemetery appeared ca. late first century AD and ceased to exist in the late fourth or early fifth century AD. The cemetery showed expressive spatial structure and contained eloquent assemblages with abundant grave goods allowing us to determine its chronological zones. This paper addresses the finds of silver crescent-moon-shaped pendants from graves 13 and 94. Similar ornaments occurred in burial assemblages in the Crimea and the northern Dagestan, Kalmykia, Lower Don area, and also in Sarmatian graves in the Great Hungarian Plain. The lunula pendants in question form a chronological reference point for the Pontic-Danubian antiquities in the Late Roman Period.

Why Do We Lie? An Explanatory View for Lie-Telling Behaviors of University Students and Adults

It is known that studies are carried out in certain societies regarding the reasons for the occurrence of lie-telling behavior, which is one of the most important parts of human sociability. Nevertheless, studies on the reasons for lying of adults in Turkey appear to be insufficient. For this reason, the present study aimed to reveal the reasons for lying of adults in Turkey. A total of 75 people aging between 19 and 46 (Mage= 26.84) participated in this study. Participants were given a question form that had four open-ended questions prepared to reveal the reasons for self-benefiting and other-benefiting lying. The content analysis method, one of the qualitative analysis techniques, was used to analyze data. Findings showed that privacy, interference in autonomy, face-saving, fruition, avoiding a negative situation, hiding the truth and evading were the most common reasons for the self-benefiting lying. On the other hand, preventing harm, protecting others, making others happy, politeness, and preventing relationship breakdown were the most common reasons for the other-benefiting lying. Each reason for lying was discussed in comparison with the international literature and suggestions for future studies to be conducted in Turkey on this issue were presented. Keywords: Lie, deception, lie-telling behavior, reasons of lying, content analysis

Relationship between occupational accidents and the safety climate of blue-collar workers in the metal industry.

Objective: This study aims to reveal the ability of a safety climate assessment to make predictions regarding occupational accidents that occur in a metal sector workplace. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with metal sector workers. Two sub-dimensions, the security climate scale, and an 18-question form, were used for data collection. The Chi-square, 'Student's t-test, and logistic regression tests were used to determine the relationships with occupational accidents. A correlation analysis was applied between the total scale score and its sub-dimensions. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 289 workers (90.1%). In their current workplace, 28.4% had at least one work accident. The total score of the occupational safety climate was 61.11±6.90, and each unit was observed to increase the occupational safety climate score provided there was a 4.6% (95% CI: 0.6–8.4%) decrease in occupational accident reporting. There is a 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04–1.17) fold rise in reported work injuries for every additional year the workers work in this workplace (p = 0.001). Compared to unmarried people, married people recorded 3.24 times (95% CI 1.02–10.35) more workplace injuries. Conclusion: According to the data, employee safety monitoring mediates the relationship between a safe environment and occupational accidents.

Response Options and the Measurement of Political Knowledge

By many measures, the public knows little about politics. But just how little people seem to know depends on the questions that are put to them. In particular, knowledge levels seem higher when people are asked closed- rather than open-ended questions. In turn, differences between estimated knowledge levels are sometimes attributed to fundamental differences between these types of questions. Building on this previous research, the present study uses a pre-registered experiment conducted with a representative national sample to shed new light on the relationship between question form and knowledge measurement. The authors find that inferences about political knowledge depend less on fundamental differences between open- and closed-ended questions than on two little-appreciated aspects of survey design: the number and difficulty of the response options that accompany closed-ended questions. These aspects of survey design have large effects. Scholars who use the same questions with different response options may reach substantively different conclusions about the public's levels of knowledge.

Yaşam Tarzı Göstergesi Olarak Meslekler

The aim of this study is to inquire how the relationships created by individuals from various professions for the purpose of performing the profession affect their lifestyles. In this direction, firstly, the characteristics of the social environment in which the individuals, who are the representatives of various occupations, have grown up and the effect of this environment on the choice of occupation have been tried to be described. Secondly, it was tried to be determined the existence of a lifestyle specific to the members of the occupational category through the behaviors, relationships and interactions required by the profession. Finally, the possible existence of an interaction between the lifestyle of occupational members and selected variables related to their social environment and occupations was tried to be analyzed. The field data of the study was gathered interviewing face to face, via a question form which consisted of structured and semi-structured questions intending for a sample of 384 people determined at 95% confidence level over individuals in various occupational groups in the city center of Isparta. These data were categorized into various statistical categories in the light of the information in the related literature and were tried to be analyzed applying the significance test (X2). One of the most significant general results of modernization is the differentiation of the groups that constitute societies regarding various variables. One of these differentiations, also referred to as multiculturalism, is occupational groupings. This study is considered significant in terms of revealing whether social groups that differ through professional preferences form a unique lifestyle or not. As a result of the findings obtained in the study, it was detected that the occupations learned by traditional methods and the groups of professional occupations acquired through education differ in terms of their lifestyles. While members of traditional professions have less lifestyle differentiation compared to the previous generation, professional occupational groups differ much more than previous generations to which they are connected in terms of their social origins. Professional occupation groups create distinctive lifestyles in the context of professional diversity in their own category, as well as differentiation in terms of social prestige, leisure time activities, family structures, consumption tendencies and approaches of evaluating their social environment, according to the members of the traditional profession.