Profile Microscopic Profile of Mice (Mus Musculus) Kidney Tissue Fixed with 10% Honey Concentration for 24 Hours

Fixation is used to maintain tissue structure in its original form “life-like state” and can protect proteins and tissue components from degeneration. The solution commonly used is 10% NBF. Formaldehyde is chemical substance that is toxic and not environmentally friendly, several studies have shown alternative substitutes fixation, one of which is the honey solution. The study of Mohammed et al (2020) fixated tissue with honey 10% and 20% shown good coloring properties and similar clarity to fixated with formalin 10%. Honey has acidic and dehydrating properties allow most microorganisms to be killed so that tissues will last for a long time. The research objective is to findout the description of microscopic of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue which were fixation using 10% honey solution for 24 hours. The research is included in qualitative descriptive research. The research design used was a non-eksperimental with a purposive sampling study approach. The sample used was 32 preparation with total of microscopic overview is 160. Microscopic image of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue fixed using 10% honey solution for 24 hours in 80 visual fields were 12.5% of the preparations is not good and 87.5% is good preparations. The microscopic image of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue fixed using 10% NBF is better than of the microscopic image of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue fixed with 10% honey for 24 hours.

Bersihan Jalan Nafas Tidak Efektif Dengan Menggunakan Larutan Jeruk Nipis Dan Madu Di Kelurahan Sukabumi Bandar LampungBersihan Jalan Nafas Tidak Efektif Dengan Menggunakan Larutan Jeruk Nipis Dan Madu Di Kelurahan Sukabumi Bandar Lampung

ABSTRAK Infeksi pernafasan merupakan penyakit akut yang paling banyak terjadi pada anak-anak, Penyakit ISPA sering terjadi pada anak Balita, karena sistem pertahanan tubuh anak masih rendah. Kejadian batuk pilek pada balita di Indonesia diperkirakan 3 sampai 6 kali pertahun, yang berarti seorang balita. Tujuan deskripsi hasil asuhan keperawatan komprehensif pada keluarga Tn.S dan Tn.I dengan masalah keperawatan bersihan jalan nafas tidak efektif dengan menggunakan larutan jeruk nipis dan madu di kelurahan Sukabumi Bandar Lampung. Dianjurkan memberi obat batuk yang aman yaitu ramuan tradisional yaitu jeruk nipis ½ sendok teh dicampur dengan Madu atau Madu ½ sendok teh, diberikan tiga kali sehari. Air perasan jeruk nipis dicampur dengan Madu manis juga menjadi pilihan masyarakat dalam meredakan batuk dan melegakan tenggorokan. Pilihan ini juga telah tercantum di dalam MTBS (Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit) dalam mengajari ibu cara mengobati infeksi lokal di rumah. Caranya adalah dengan memotong satu buah jeruk nipis, peras airnya, taruh dalam gelas/cangkir. Tambahkan Madu manis, aduk. Takaran minum untuk anak, 3 kali sendok teh per hari. Cara lain, Madu manis bisa digantikan dengan Madu murni. Keluarga dengan masalah ISPA teratasi dengan Jaruk nipis dan madu dengan hasil efektif pada kedua pasien hanya saja kadar penurunan penumpukan secret, penurunan batuk dan waktu tidur lebih baik. Kata kunci : ISPA , Kecap, madu ABSTRACTRespiratory infection is an acute disease that most commonly occurs in children, ARI often occurs in children under five, because the child's immune system is still low. The average cold cough in toddlers in Indonesia is estimated to be 3 to 6 times per year, which means a toddler. Purpose description of the results of comprehensive nursing care in the family of Mr.S and Mr.I with nursing problems cleansing the airway not effective by using lime and honey solution in Sukabumi Village, Bandar Lampung in 2020. It is recommended to provide cough medicines that are safe to use traditional ½ teaspoon mixed with Honey or Honey ½ teaspoon, given three times a day. Orange juice mixed with sweet honey is also a choice of people in relieving coughs and soothing the throat. This option has also been verified in MTBS (Integrated Management of Sick Toddler) in teaching mothers how to treat local infections at home. The trick is to cut one lime, squeeze the water, put it in a glass/cup. Add sweet honey, stir. Drinking dose for children, 3 times a teaspoon per day. Alternatively, sweet honey can be replaced with pure honey. Families with ARI problems resolved with lime and honey with effective results in both patients except secret buildup levels, decreased coughing and better sleep time.Keywords: ISPA, sauce, honey

EFFECT OF HONEY CONSUMPTION AFTER PHYSICAL EXERCISES ON ELECTROLYTES AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS

Honey has been used as food and medicine for thousands of years. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of honey in restoring the levels of electrolytes and blood glucose after performing physical exercises. The effect of honey consumption on electrolyte and blood glucose levels was examined on12 healthy male subjects, which were divided into 4 groups with three members in each group. Group I was treated as control and provided only 250 ml of mineral water after exercise, while group II was provided 250 ml commercial isotonic beverage, group III provided honey solution 1 (15 ml honey/250 ml water), and group IV provided honey solution 2 (45 ml honey/250 ml water). The physical exercise performed by the subjects is running on a treadmill at a speed of 5.6 km/h for 40 minutes. Measurements of electrolyte and blood glucose levels were performed 24 hrs before as initial baseline, and these were also measured after the physical exercise as well as after the treatment. Results of the study revealed that honey played a significant role in the restore electrolyte and blood glucose levels in people who have performed physical activities such as exercising and the effect of honey is similar to the commercial isotonic beverage. However, no significant difference (p-value > 0.05) was reported between the honey solution 1 and 2 and other treatment groups in elevating sodium and chloride level.

Biodirected Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Honey Solutions and Evaluation of Their Antifungal Activity against Pathogenic Candida Spp.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous honey solutions with a concentration of 2%, 10%, and 20%—AgNPs-H2, AgNPs-H10, and AgNPs-H20. The reaction was conducted at 35 °C and 70 °C. Additionally, nanoparticles obtained with the citrate method (AgNPs-C), while amphotericin B (AmB) and fluconazole were used as controls. The presence and physicochemical properties of AgNPs was affirmed by analyzing the sample with ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The 20% honey solution caused an inhibition of the synthesis of nanoparticles at 35 °C. The antifungal activity of the AgNPs was evaluated using opportunistic human fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. The antifungal effect was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion assay. The highest activity in the MIC tests was observed in the AgNPs-H2 variant. AgNPs-H10 and AgNPs-H20 showed no activity or even stimulated fungal growth. The results of the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility test for C. parapsilosis strains indicated stronger antifungal activity of AgNPs-H than fluconazole. The study demonstrated that the antifungal activity of AgNPs is closely related to the concentration of honey used for the synthesis thereof.

Propolis Extract and Chitosan Improve Health of Nosema ceranae Infected Giant Honey Bees, Apis dorsata Fabricius, 1793

Nosema ceranae is a large contributing factor to the most recent decline in honey bee health worldwide. Developing new alternative treatments against N. ceranae is particularly pressing because there are few treatment options available and therefore the risk of increased antibiotic resistance is quite high. Recently, natural products have demonstrated to be a promising avenue for finding new effective treatments against N. ceranae. We evaluated the effects of propolis extract of stingless bee, Tetrigona apicalis and chito-oligosaccharide (COS) on giant honey bees, Apis dorsata, experimentally infected with N. ceranae to determine if these treatments could improve the health of the infected individuals. Newly emerged Nosema-free bees were individually inoculated with 106N. ceranae spores per bee. We fed infected and control bees the following treatments consisting of 0%, 50%, propolis extracts, 0 ppm and 0.5 ppm COS in honey solution (w/v). Propolis extracts and COS caused a significant increase in trehalose levels in hemolymph, protein contents, survival rates and acini diameters of the hypopharyngeal glands in infected bees. Our results suggest that propolis and COS could improve the health of infected bees. Further research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms responsible for the improved health of the infected bees.

A laboratory-based study to explore the use of honey-impregnated cards to detect chikungunya virus in mosquito saliva

Mosquito control is implemented when arboviruses are detected in patients or in field-collected mosquitoes. However, mass screening of mosquitoes is usually laborious and expensive, requiring specialized expertise and equipment. Detection of virus in mosquito saliva using honey-impregnated filter papers seems to be a promising method as it is non-destructive and allows monitoring the viral excretion dynamics over time from the same mosquito. Here we test the use of filter papers to detect chikungunya virus in mosquito saliva in laboratory conditions, before proposing this method in large-scale mosquito surveillance programs. We found that 0.9 cm2 cards impregnated with a 50% honey solution could replace the forced salivation technique as they offered a viral RNA detection until 7 days after oral infection of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes with CHIKV.

Long-term effects of honey solution on Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in military graduates with psychological symptoms of over-training

Background: Physical exercise in certain conditions can cause over-training syndrome in individuals, which is associated with inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses by cytokines. The balance of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines can indicate the strength of the immune system against pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of honey solution on the balance consumption of interferon-gamma and interleukin4. Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study has been performed by pre-test-post-test with two groups of placebo and honey syrup. For investigation, 70 individuals from the available population, including military graduates, have been examined using an over-training psychological questionnaire and finally, using blood markers (cortisol and testosterone), an over-training test of 38 people with age range of (75/1±75/20) years, and body mass index of (19/4±1/7 kg/m2) have been selected and randomly divided into two groups of 19 individuals: placebo and honey syrup. In order to measure serum levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4, before and after 6 weeks of consuming honey solution, 5 cc of blood has been taken from the arm vein and measured by ELISA. Results: The changes in cytokines levels have been investigated using the independent t-test in the SPSS software version 22. Following the use of honey syrup, compared with the placebo group, an increase in interferon-gamma levels and a decrease in interleukin-4 have been observed, which was a significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion: 6 weeks consumption of honey syrup promoted the balance of interferon-gamma and interleukin cytokines to reduce the side effects of over-training on the immune system.

Life cycle of Chlosyne lacinia saundersii (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) on Tithonia tubaeformis (Jacq.) Cass. under controlled laboratory conditions

Chlosyne lacinia saundersii (Doubleday) is a polyphagous lepidopteran that produces a great defoliation in its host plants. The objective of this work was to determine the development and survival time of C. lacinia saundersii and to report aspects of its natural history on “Cuban grass” Tithonia tubaeformis (Jacq.) Cass. (Asteraceae). Caterpillars from the field were kept in cages in a rearing chamber under controlled conditions and fed with leaves of T. tubaeformis until adults’ emergence. To the latter, a honey solution and T. tubaeformis flowers was given. The life cycle duration was 48 days (egg: 8.0 days; larva: 24.9; pupa: 6.9 days; adult: 8.3 days) with six larval stages. The survival of each stage of development was high (> 70%) but considering the period from egg to pupa, only 52% of the individuals reached adulthood. Larval gregariousness was observed. In relation to the sexes there is a predominance of females (1.1:1). Female pupae were heavier than males. This work represents the first contribution to the knowledge of the biology of C. lacinia saundersii under laboratory conditions on T. tubaeformis. Cuban grass is confirmed as a new alternative host plant for C. lacinia saundersii