Effectiveness of Infection Preventive Behaviors on COVID-19-Like Illness Symptoms During the Winter Third Wave of the Epidemic in Japan: A 2-Month Follow-up Nationwide Cohort Study

Although multilayered strategies including preventive behaviors should be adopted to mitigate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission, evidence on the effectiveness of preventive behaviors against COVID-19 remains limited. This Internet-based prospective cohort study collected baseline data in November 2020 and follow-up data in February 2021, during the third wave of the epidemic in Japan. Among the 19 941 included participants, the percentages reporting that they always used a face mask, practiced hand washing/disinfection, gargling, and ensuring proper room ventilation were 85.4%, 36.0%, 51.1%, and 44.6%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that less frequently practicing hand washing/disinfection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-1.32), gargling (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10-1.30), and ensuring proper room ventilation (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.26-1.52) were significantly associated with self-reported COVID-19-like illness (CLI). These results suggest that personal preventive behaviors may be effective in reducing CLI, even when universal masking is practiced.

Analysis of Room Ventilation, Clean and Healthy Living Behavior with Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Incidence

Background: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URI) is often experienced by Islamic boarding school students, who experience 30% of total reported URIs. This high incidence of URI can be caused by ventilation in students’ rooms not meeting health requirements and poor implementation of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (CHLB). Purpose: This study aims to analyze the risk level of ventilation and CHLB as pertains to URI incidence among Amanatul Ummah Surabaya Islamic Boarding School students. Methods: This research used an analytic survey design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was 853 students. The sampling method used was proportionate stratified random sampling, yielding a sample of 207 students. Samples were taken through drawing the number of absences. The data were obtained by interviews utilizing CHLB questionnaires, field observation of ventilation, and observation of respondent’s medical records to obtain information on the history of the URI. The data was analyzed via chi-square test (α=0.05). Results: Respondents with room ventilation that did not fulfil requirements tended to experience URI 11.13 times more frequently than respondents with room ventilation that fulfilled the requirements, while respondents with poor CHLB tended to experience URI 7.15 times more often than respondents with good CHLB. The more ventilation did not fulfil the requirements and the poorer the implementation of CHLB, the more respondents tended to experience URI. Conclusion: The leader of Amanatul Ummah Surabaya Islamic boarding school was expected to be able to evaluate the construction of boarding schools, particularly with regard to ventilation, to fulfil the applicable health requirements and provide adequate CHLB facilities.

HUBUNGAN FAKTOR INDIVIDU DAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP GEJALA SICK BUILDING SYNDROME PADA STAF TENAGA KE PENDIDIKAN DI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UPN VETERAN JAKARTA TAHUN 2020

Background: Sick building syndrome (SBS) are collection of symptoms suffered by workers in offices and other buildings with symptoms such as headaches and respiratory problems. Based on report of the National Health Organization there are estimated 2.2 million deaths due indoor pollution. Where 70-80% of individuals spend their time working indoors. Methods and Samples: The study had used a cross sectional method which aims to determine relationship between individual and environmental factors that influence onset symptoms of SBS. The research data were collected through questionnaires. The sample in this study were 49 educational staff at the Faculty of Medicine UPN Veteran Jakarta. The sampling technique used total sampling. This study used univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: Bivariate analysis: age (p = 0.02), length of service (p = 0.00), psychosocial conditions (p = 0.00) and room ventilation conditions (p = 0.00). While multivariate analysis: age (p = 0.05; OR = 3.524; 95% CI 1.019-14.914), years of service (p = 0.02; OR = 4.168; 95% CI 1.768-16.520), room ventilation (p = 0.03; OR = 7.167; 95% CI 2.705-27.912), and psychosocial conditions (p = 0.012; OR = 8.714; 95% CI 3.072-29.098). Conclusion: Based on the bivariate analysis, there are significant relationship between age, years of service, psychosocial conditions and room ventilation of symptoms SBS. Meanwhile, based on multivariate analysis, psychosocial status is the most influential factor of symtoms SBS

The effect of type of ventilation used in the operating room and surgical site infection: A meta-analysis

Abstracts Background: The relation between type of ventilation used in the operating room and surgical site infection has drawn considerable attention with its conflicting results. A possible relationship between the type of ventilation used in the operating room and surgical site infection has been reported. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate this relationship. Methods: A systematic literature search up to May 2020 identified 14 studies with 590,121 operations, 328,183 operations of which were performed under laminar airflow ventilation and 261,938 of which were performed operations under conventional ventilation. These articles reported relationships between type of operating-room ventilation with its different categories and surgical site infection: 10 studies were related to surgical site infection in the total hip replacement; 7 studies in total knee arthroplasties; and 3 studies in different abdominal and open vascular surgery. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated comparing surgical site infection prevalence and type of operating room ventilation using the dichotomous method with a random-effects or fixed-effects model. Results: No significant difference was found between operation performed under laminar airflow ventilation and conventional ventilation in total hip replacement (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.97–1.56, P = .09), in total knee arthroplasties (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.62–2.09; P = .67), and in different abdominal and open vascular surgery (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.43-1.33; P = .33). The impact of the type of operating room ventilation may have no influence on surgical site infection as a tool for decreasing its occurrence. Conclusions: Based on this meta-analysis, operating under laminar airflow or conventional ventilation may have no independent relationship with the risk of surgical site infection. This relationship forces us not to recommend the use of laminar airflow ventilation because it has a much higher cost compared to conventional ventilation.