Multicast Through Device to Device Communication Using Enhanced Diffie–Hellman Algorithm

The mobile device demand has been increased and it is estimated that in upcoming 10 years, the wireless cellular demand will increase up to 500 times. And it is not possible only with the cellular networks to satisfy this huge demand. To meet the huge requirement from the mobile end user, 5G networks enabled device to device communication can be applied. Device to Device (D2D) connection is the direct link among the two devices without the intervention of main station. Thus, D2D reduces the latency. And 5G are supported for the high data rates. Furthermore, for efficient transmission, multicast device to device communication is used. Multicast distrubutes the messages to multiple users of the restricted geographical area. Trustworthy communication is necessary for multicast D2D communication. Enhanced Diffie–Hellman algorithm is used for the trustworthiness.

CROSS PLATFORM BASED SMART GREENHOUSE APPLICATION

In this study, an application has been made in the field of agriculture over the internet of things that are frequently needed in our lives with the developing technology. Due to the increasing human population and consumption needs, countries have begun use agricultural areas and the energy used in agricultural areas more effectively. It is known that temperature and humidity values are critical in greenhouses used in agricultural areas. For this reason, the temperature and humidity values were measured from four different points of the greenhouse by wireless communication in the greenhouse and these values were sent to the main station, and then the greenhouse supervisors were given the opportunity to monitor instantly with Flutter. In addition, if the temperature in the greenhouse falls below the value determined by the responsible people, the greenhouse workers are warned with the help of an audible warning.

Evaluating Distribution Costs and CO2-Emissions of a Two-Stage Distribution System with Cargo Bikes: A Case Study in the City of Innsbruck

During the last years, e-commerce has grown rapidly. As a result, the number of parcel deliveries in urban areas is increasing, which affects the inner-city traffic and leads to congestion and air pollution, thereby decreasing the quality of life in cities. City administrators and logistic service providers have been working on the optimization of parcel distribution in order to alleviate congestion and reduce the negative impact on the environment. One of the solutions for environmentally friendly parcel distribution are two-stage distribution systems with city hubs. City hubs are facilities located close to the delivery area which are used as an enabling infrastructure to store and consolidate the parcels. For the last mile delivery from the city hub to final customers, zero emission vehicles, such as cargo bikes, can be used. Many studies have been conducted on this topic in recent years. This paper contributes to this research area by evaluating the implementation of such a two-stage distribution system with a city hub and cargo bikes in Innsbruck, Austria. The goal is to determine the best location for a city hub and the composition of the delivery fleet by minimizing the total distribution and CO2-emission cost. E-vans are used for the first and cargo bikes for the second stage of the parcel delivery. The problem is modeled as a vehicle routing problem with multiple trips and is solved in ArcGIS Pro, using the built-in routing solver. The analysis shows that all hub candidates provide comparably good results, with one potential station, the main station, showing the highest improvement compared to the basic system, with delivery by conventional vans. Savings in distribution costs of up to 30% can be achieved. Furthermore, by taking into account both indirect and direct emissions with a well-to-wheel approach, CO2-emissions can be reduced by 96%.

Reassessment of the homogenization of daily maximum temperatures in the Netherlands since 1901

In 2016, the Royal Dutch Meteorological Office (KNMI) homogenized the daily temperature records for the Netherlands from 1901 to 1950 to allow a realistic comparison of the temperatures from 1901 to the present. The homogenizations for the main station De Bilt were carried out using a Percentile Matching Method (PMM) with one reference station and a 56-month reference period. In this study, it is shown that the corrections in the number of tropical days (maximum temperature ≥ 30 °C) depend strongly on the choice of the reference station and the length of the reference period. A total of 116 different variants of the homogenization of De Bilt were carried out, using all combinations of five reference stations, five reference periods, two ways to calculate percentiles, and two ways to smooth the data. The parameters used for the KNMI’s current homogenization of De Bilt result in a very sharp decrease of tropical days, which is not replicated by the majority of the 116 variants. Moreover, after homogenization, De Bilt appears to be an outlier compared to the other meteorological stations. Therefore, the current homogenized estimates of tropical days for De Bilt should be treated with considerable caution.

The Application Design of an Improved PLC Linked Network Communication in the Production Line

This paper mainly introduces an improved PLC communication program based on PLC link network communication. Read and write corresponding production data at different time periods through the shared link area, and use link location soft elements as interactive handshake signal. The main station download module and slave station upload module are designed to complete the large range of data transmission interaction between master and slave stations, and the control system is realized in the automatic production line for drum brake pad processing.

UV-Indien network: ground-based measurements dedicated to the monitoring of UV radiation over the western Indian Ocean

Within the framework of the UV-Indien network, nine ground stations have been equipped with ultraviolet broadband radiometers, five of them have also been equipped with an all-sky camera, and the main station in Saint-Denis de la Réunion is also equipped with a spectroradiometer. These stations are spatially distributed to cover a wide range of latitudes, longitudes, altitudes, and environmental conditions in five countries of the western Indian Ocean region (Comoros, France, Madagascar, Mauritius, and Seychelles), a part of the world where almost no measurements have been made so far. The distribution of the stations is based on the scientific interest of studying ultraviolet radiation not only in relation to atmospheric processes but also in order to provide data relevant to fields such as biology, health (prevention of skin cancer), and agriculture. The main scientific objectives of this network are to study the annual and inter-annual variability in the ultraviolet (UV) radiation in this area, to validate the output of numerical models and satellite estimates of ground-based UV measurements, and to monitor UV radiation in the context of climate change and projected ozone depletion in this region. A calibration procedure including three types of calibrations responding to the various constraints of sustaining the network has been put in place, and a data processing chain has been set up to control the quality and the format of the files sent to the various data centres. A method of clear-sky filtering of the data is also applied. Here, we present an intercomparison with other datasets, as well as several daily or monthly representations of the UV index (UVI) and cloud fraction data, to discuss the quality of the data and their range of values for the older stations (Antananarivo, Anse Quitor, Mahé, and Saint-Denis). Ground-based measurements of the UVI are used to validate satellite estimates – Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), and the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) – and model forecasts of UVI – Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet Service (TEMIS) and Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS). The median relative differences between satellite or model estimates and ground-based measurements of clear-sky UVI range between −34.5 % and 15.8 %. Under clear skies, the smallest UVI median difference between the satellite or model estimates and the measurements made by ground-based instruments is found to be 0.02 (TROPOMI), 0.04 (OMI), −0.1 (CAMS), and −0.4 (CAMS) at Saint-Denis, Antananarivo, Anse Quitor, and Mahé, respectively. The diurnal variability in UVI and cloud fraction, as well as the monthly variability in UVI, is evaluated to ensure the quality of the dataset. The data used in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4811488 (Lamy and Portafaix, 2021a).

Polic(sh)ing up the Leipzig Main Station: an ethnographic reflection on abjection, space and resistance

In this article, I explore the interplay of abjection, space and resistance at the example of a protest intervention that reclaims a highly policed urban space in the city of Leipzig (Saxony, Eastern Germany)—the Main Station. Methodologically, I combine ethnographic material collected throughout the process of a performative counter-action attempting to reclaim and re-imagine Leipzig Main Station as a venue and politicized space with a contextual analysis regarding the discursive landscape evolving around and shaping this urban locale. My empirical analysis is structured along the theoretical discussion of abjection: While Butler's theorization (Butler in Bodies that matter, Routledge, New York, 1993) allows me to focus on the formative power of spatial exclusion and the disruptive potential of protest, theoretical accounts in which abjection is conceived as a “threshold zone” or “overlap space” (Sharkey and Shields in Child Geogr 6:239–256, 2008; Vighi et al. in Between urban topographies and political spaces. Threshold experiences, Lexington Books, Lanham, 2014) help me to outline ‘abject space’ as a space of negotiation and contradiction.

Analysis Of Oil Losses at Press Station In PT. Palmina Utama

The press station is the main station for quoting oil from the pulp of palm oil (CPO). In the screw press, there are several things that need to be considered in order to determine the success of the extraction process, namely the percentage level of oil losses which is one of the benchmarks for the success of extraction at the press station. Some things that can affect the percentage level of oil losses at the press station are the amount of pressure on the press machine and the level of chopping blades in the digester. This observation is carried out by direct observation method at PT. Palmina Utama, using a purposive sampling method.samples taken for the analysis of oil losses at this press station are in the form of fiber, the persentage value of oil losses is determined by exstraction using soxhlet with n-hexane solvent. Samples for analysis were taken from five press machines at the press station in the form of fiber and taken three times each at three points, namely the left side, the middle side and the right side with an interval of two hours, then the samples were mixed and weighed as much as nine to ten gram. The highest oil losses in February were 4.48% and the lowest losses during February were 4.105%. Based on statistical analysis, that F-Count is smaller than F-table 5% and 1%. Thus, pressure does not affect at the percentage of oil losses.

CREATING OF THE ARCHITECTURAL ENSEMBLE OF THE ZNAMENSKAYA STATION SQUARE IN ST PETERSBURG

The history of the creating of the Znamenskaya station square (now the Vosstaniya Square) in St. Petersburg is considered. The square appeared in front of the station of the first main railway in Russia, which connected two capitals - the old and the new - Moscow and St. Petersburg (from 1855 - Nikolaevskaya, from 1923 - October railway). The state status of the road also determined the status of the station square in front of its main station in St. Petersburg. The square was created as one of the main urban planning ensembles of the city, the formation of which was given attention at the highest level. Extensive archival sources have been studied, extracts and graphic materials from which are presented in this article. Based on the historical and urban planning analysis, the main factors that influenced the choice of the location of the station of the St. Petersburg-Moscow railway and its station square in St. Petersburg were identified. It is shown that Znamenskaya Square is one of the last urban planning ensembles of St. Petersburg, created centrally on the basis of classical principles according to a single project, including the entire front of the buildings that form it. It has been established that Znamenskaya Square is a unique urban planning phenomenon, since in the history of 19th century architecture, the fact of the creation of the station square, conceived as a single regular ensemble, is no longer known