Sprawozdanie Komendy Policji Państwowej na Małopolskę za styczeń 1920 r.

The presented text concerns the source material describing the internal security of Galicia, here referred to as Małopolska. The document comes from the collection of the State Archives of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine – the collection of the Provincial Office in Lviv. This is a monthly report of the State Police Headquarters in Małopolska for January 1920.

Preliminary report of Māhūr tomb, a Mithraism relic at Dezfūl, Southern Iran

Tomb of Māhūr is located at a village called Mahur Berenji, district of Sardasht a part of Dezfūl, Khuzestan province, Southern Iran. This tomb has been discovered by Karamian and Astraki in 2018. There is a four-legged cross symbol in the above part of the tomb entrance.

Sprawozdanie z konferencji „Reforma administracyjna PRL w latach 1972-1975. Aspekty ustrojowe, kancelaryjne i archiwalne”

A report on the conference ‘Administrative reforms in the Polish People’s Republic in the years 1972-1975. System-related, clerical and archival aspects’.

Some Remarks on the Eurocentricism and Imperialism in the Construction of International Law

The modern international law is considered an offshoot of European intellectual contributions as its basic foundation is deeply imbued with the political and social upheavals took place in European history. As an example, the Westphalian order emerged in the culmination of thirty years war in 1648 was regarded as the most pivotal mile stone in modern history of international law. Yet the European domination and its intellectual contribution to the development of international law systematically excluded non-European nations from international law and its protection, which finally paved the path to use international law in the 19th century as a tool of legitimizing the colonial expansion. This paper seeks to trace the historiography of modern international law and its dubious nature of disdaining non-Europeans and their civilizational thinking. Furthermore, this paper argues how European historical encounters carved the map of international law from a vantage point, which gave an utter prominence upon the European intellectual monopoly. The results emerge from this paper will strongly suggest the need of an alternative scholarship to unveil the history of international law.

Holy War and a Place in Paradise? Development of the East Roman Holy War from the 4th until the 11th century

The article analyses the development of the holy war in East Rome from its beginning until the 11th century. The article takes the stance that it is meaningless what the official religious doctrine was when the soldiers themselves believed and followed the doctrine of holy war which promised a place in heaven for all fallen soldiers.

Castles, Walls, Fortresses.The Sasanian Effort to Defend the Territory

Defensive structures have been applied as the permanent elements of the Iranian urbanism, from the first phases of sedentism in the Neolithic period onwards. Following the Iranian tradition in architecture, Sasanian fortifications having local features were constructed in adaptation with the regional circumstances. Nevertheless, we can find some similarities in the components of the defensive installations. The defensive structures located within the Sasanian territory turned Iran into the unconquerable fortress providing Sasanians with military, political, cultural, and economic dominance over a vast area of the ancient world for more than four centuries.

Jewish Students at the Lviv Polytechnic until 1939 (statistical statement)

The aim of this paper is presentation some statistical data on Jews studying at the Lviv Polytechnic until 1939. Also, the question of Jewish women – students of the Lviv Polytechnic, has been examined. The Author have touched upon a completely new research area which is women’s education in the broadly-defined technical field at the turn of the 19th and 20th century.