QUANTIFICATION OF THE HORIZONTAL STERILIZATION CYCLE GRAPHIC OF PALM OIL AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO OIL LOSSES IN EMPTY BUNCH AND CONDENSATE

Sterilization process is one of the keys to success in a Palm Oil Mill. In conventional palm oil mills that use horizontal serilization, the fruit is heated in a closed vessel using pressurized steam at a pressure of 40 psi and a temperature of 140oC. The performance parameters that determine the success of the process in intermediate sterilization are pressure, temperature and time as well as steam requirements. This study aims to determine the correlation between the area under sterilization graph represent the measurement of time and pressure from every cycle of sterilization to oil losses in the condensate and empty bunch. The results show that the higher the sterilization graph area which represents pressure and time, the higher the percentage of oil losses in condensate water and the lower the oil losses in empty bunches.

Aplikasi Karbon Aktif dari Cangkang Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Adsorben pada Minyak Jelantah Bahan Sabun

Standart soap quality in SNI 06-3532-1994 is a max water content of 15%, max free fatty acids 2.5% of the number of soaps 196-206 mg/gr in addition there are quality parameters that are not included in the SNI is many foams. Meanwhile, some industrial companies in Indonesia attract consumers with a lot of foam produced by the company's products.The purpose of this study is to discuss the effect of the size of the active carbon particles of palm shells on the reduction of free fatty acids in jelantah oil as the manufacture of soap raw materials and soap quality. determination of Free Fatty Acids using AOCS Ca 5a-40-1997 method, testing moisture content using SNI method 06-3532-1994, The number of hoardings uses the volumetric method. The results of this study showed that particle sizes of 100 mesh and 120 mesh occurred significant differences in the decline of free fatty acids. Where the particle size of 120 mesh is stronger absorbency in lowering Free Fatty Acids. this is because materials with smaller diameters have a greater absorption rate. This is related to the surface area of the activated carbon adsorbent of the palm shell that is available to interact with the substance contained in the solution. But there is no significant difference in the quality of soap, namely; Water Rate, Lots of Foam, Number of Hoarding.

STUDY OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN ACHIEVING CPO RENDEMEN

The achievement of oil Extraction Rate is one of the palm oil mill performances that needs to be continuously improved. The achievement of oil Extraction Rate is obtained from efforts to synergize plant parts and processing plants which must be managed with a good management system. The implementation of an appropriate and consistent quality management system (Plan, do, check, action/PDCA) is expected to increase optimal yield in accordance with predetermined targets. This research method is descriptive quantitative with research variables processing capacity, production yield, production quality and processing costs. The results showed that (1) The company's management efforts in achieving CPO yield are integrating onfarm and off farm that are managed by implementing a quality managemen System (Plan, do, Check, Action/PDCA). (2) The Relationship of the ISO 9001;2015 to that affect the yield of CPO : (a) Planned 23,5 % oil yield by 2020, (b) Establish and implement SOP and IK in onfarm and off farm. (c) Performs external and Internal audits every years.

Manufacturing Chopper of Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Agriculture’s waste is still minimum to utilized the one is empty fruit bunches (EFB), as like happened in the PT. XYZ (Xxx Yyy Zzz). EFB usually left rot into compost naturally which is need decomposition period 6 – 12 months. This research aims to design chopper of EFB and carry out a technical examination of the tool performance. Testing performed by using 5 kgs EFB at three repetition with the average of water content and fat content respectively 32.06 % and 7.46 %. The average of effective work capacity 81.46 ± 5.58 kg/hr, chopped 43.33 ± 0.58 %, percentage do not chop 54.00 ± 1.73 %, percentage of yield loss 2.67 ± 1.15 %, measure the thickness of the chopping 0.5 – 1 cm, 1 – 5 cm, 5 – 10 cm, and >10 cm consecutive were 64.53 %, 15.40 %, 9.21 %, and 10.85 %, the rotational frequency 1121 ± 14.73 rpm, and noise level of chopper between 91.17 to 94.40 dB. Chopping use this chopper of EFB was 13 times more efficient than manual chopping.

PERBEDAAN KADAR GLISEROL, ESTER, MONO- DAN DIGLISERIDA PADA VARIASI PERLAKUAN REFINED BLEACHED DEODORIZED PALM OIL

Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) is a derived product of crude palm oil that has two fraction (olein and stearin) in ambient temperature. This research aim to analyze the variation of treatment on RBDPO. The design of research was non-factorial with three variable of treatment such RBDPO with glycerol (A), RBDPO (B) and RBDPO with lipase enzyme. The concentration of glycerol, ester, mono- and diglyceride was tested by Gas Chromatography method. The data will be analyzed by using descriptive method with boxplot and histogram. The result showed that the highest concentration of glycerol; ester; mono- and diglyceride respectively were showed in treatment B (1,5922%); C (9,5699%); C (0,1783%); C (3,3329). The boxplot graphic described the differences among the treatment.

DETERIORATION OF BLEACHABILITY INDEX DAN STABILITAS MINYAK SAWIT MENTAH YANG BERASAL DARI TINGKAT KEMATANGAN YANG BERBEDA

Deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI) reflects the paleness index of crude palm oil which has the aim of removing the color (bleaching) that is less favored in oil, so DOBI is quite important to assist processing in refining palm oil. This study aims to determine the DOBI value contained in crude palm oil derived from different levels of fruit maturity namely unriped fruit, riped and over ripe on oil palm at 850 meters above sea level, as well as its stability on heating for 0 and 24 hours. The results showed that ripe fruit has a DOBI value of 1.75 and has better stability compared to raw fruit and through ripe.

ANALISA KEHILANGAN ENERGI PADA BOILER PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT

The purpose of this paper is to calculate boiler performance by knowing energy losses during steam production. Technical analysis on the boiler is needed, as an effort to increase efficiency and know how much energy is wasted as a loss. Factors causing the greatest heat loss / heat loss in the boiler include: "heat loss due to dry flue gas, steam content in the flue gas, water content in fuel, water content in air supply and others". Heat loss / heat loss or also can be called energy loss is one of the important factors that is very influential in identifying the efficiency of the boiler.For that analysis study is carried out with the calculation of heat loss in order to determine the magnitude of performance decline and the causes of decreased performance. Based on data and analysis of the direct method it is known that the highest energy loss is 26.6% with an efficiency of 74.5%. There needs to be an improvement in the control of the fuel settings and the incoming air optimally by using the Oxygen Trim Control which functions to measure the oxygen concentration in the chimney and automatically regulates the oxygen in the air entering the burner so as to produce combustion with optimal efficiency. And by using an economizer on preheating feed water temperature can increase boiler efficiency

KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT POLIURETAN DENGAN PENGISI (FILLER) MIKRO KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT

Polyurethane is a type of polymer made by reacting polyol (OH) groups with isocyanate (NCO) groups. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of a mixture of polyol and toluene sources as well as by adding the composition of activated carbon of palm shell as a filler to determine the best results. The materials used in making composites are PPG (Polypropylene Glycol), TDI (Toluent DiIsocyanate) and Palm Oil Shell Activated Carbon. Palm shells are carbonated at 600 ◦C, then made into powder using a ball mill and then sieved with 110 mesh particle sieve and activated using 10% H2SO4. Furthermore Polyurethanes are made by mixing, PPG (Polypropylene Glycol), TDI (Toluent in Isocyanate) with a ratio of 60%: 40% and then added the activated carbon of palm oil shell as a filler with polyurethane: 95% active carbon (P1), 90 %: 10% (P2), 80%; 20% (P3), and 75%: 25% (P4), then the functional group (FT-IR) and mechanical properties testing consisted of tensile strength and elasticity values. The results of the characterization of amine (NH), methyl groups (C-H3), Acetyl groups (CN), carbonyl groups (C = O), isocyanate groups (N = C = O), and Aromatic Rings (C = C) . This can be concluded after the addition of activated carbon palm shell does not cause chemical reactions in the functional group. While the results of the characterization of the tensile strength of P0 to P1 with a value of 0.1966 MPa to 0.0317 MPa, then increased in the composition of 90 P2, P3, and P4 with values of 0.0985 MPa, 0.2318 MPa, 0.2981MPa, and finally occurred decrease again in the composition of P5. While the highest elasticity value on composites with a ratio of P4 is 0.05196 MPa, while the lowest elasticity value on the composition of P5 with a value of 0.0475 MPa.

AUDIT ENERGI LISTRIK DAN BOILER PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT KAPASITAS 60 TON/JAM

Palm Oil Factory Energy consists of steam and electricity. To increase the performance, energy will to be audited. Electrical measurements are carried out at the power house, panels at each station and some electric motors. Measurement in the main panel uses a power quality analyzer that can measure power, power factor, harmonics, unbalance and other electrical parameters. For measurement of mechanical equipment with steam energy such as boilers and turbines using temperature measuring devices with infrared thermal imaging tools FLIR brand. The quality of electric power with a total harmonic of 5.12% and individual harmonics of 2.78%. Voltage and current unbalance are 0.09% and 0.15%. Voltage drop is equal to 3 volts. The use of electricity utilities is 22.81 kW / ton FFB. The factory has cos phi of 0.84 but requires automatic power factor correction. The efficiency of boilers is 64.19% with the biggest losses being dry flue gas of 20.19% and oyher boiler of 67.82% with the biggest losses being dry flue gas of 16.45%.

PEMBUATAN BIOBRIKET ARANG BERBASIS TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN AMPAS TEBU SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF YANG RAMAH LINGKUNGAN

Briquettes are solid fuels that can be used as alternative energy. This research aims to determine the optimal ratio of raw materials with adhesive content at about 10% constantly. The stages of this research were as follows: 1) Sampling of raw materials, 2) Drying and decomposition of raw materials, 3) Carbonization Process, 4) Milling. 5) Composition Treatment, 6) Pressing and quality analysis of briquettes. The data of this research were obtained by measuring calorific value, moisture content, ash content, density, compressive strength and combustion rate. The ratio between empty bunch : bagasse respectively was depended on 100%: 0%, 75%: 25%, 50%: 50%, 25%: 75%, 0%: 100%. The Parameters of treatments were calorific value, moisture content, ash content, density, compressive strength, and combusition rate to find out the best parameters. The result of this research show that the combination of empty bunch and baggase gave the effect to the qualities. The highest calorific value was showed in the ratio empty bunch : baggase (100% : 0%) with average HHV value; the lowest average of moisture content ; the lowest ash content; density; compressive strength value; and combustion rate respectively 5889 cal/gr; 2,81%; 20%; 0,941 gr/ml; 1,82N/cm2; 0,00223gr/second.