Indonesian Journal of Peace and Security Studies (IJPSS)
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Published By Universitas Mataram

2528-7559, 2614-672x

Author(s):  
Laode Muhamad Fathun

Poverty in this country. During the reign of Chavez and Maduro the people felt a little prosperity again, but this is what America hates because America is finding it difficult to implement its neoliberalism policy in Venezuela. After the events that continue to happen, Maduro does not remain silent. Namely by continuing Chavez's socialist policies. Here the researcher uses the theory of foreign policy decision making by Alex Mintz to explain what factors influence Maduro policy and here the researcher uses the concept of national interest to explain what Maduro's interests are in this policy, this research methodology is qualitative explanatory using interviews as data. secondary and librarian as primary data. This research finds 4 main factors in Nicolas Maduro's foreign policy. From the social condition of Venezuela itself which is very crisis-ridden to the point where there is a split between the layers of society, Maduro finally does not listen to the people's complaints to him, then from a psychological point of view, Maduro, who really hates the United States, has a very tough mindset that he is too confident in his beliefs. In order to be able to fight America, in the end his belief was not in accordance with expectations and instead had a negative effect. Therefore, it is clear that emotions play an important role in important political decisions. From an economic point of view, Venezuela is no longer able to support its own country in economic terms. If this country supports itself, there will be greater destruction


Author(s):  
Y. A. Wahyuddin
Keyword(s):  

Kekerasan terhadap perempuan di El Salvador –sebagai negara dengan julukan the land of gangster memiliki eskalasi yang signifikan dengan puncaknya ialah femicide. Fenomena ini menandakan bahwa relasi kuasa yang tidak setara antara laki-laki dan perempuan semakin menguatkan budaya machismo dalam struktur masyarakat patriarkis di El Salvador, sehingga “budaya kekerasan” dan “budaya diam” dapat diterima secara masif. Budaya kekerasan terhadap perempuan ini tidak muncul tanpa sebab melainkan memiliki akar sejarah yang panjang dan terstruktur. Budaya maskulinitas yang sangat melekat dalam kehidupan masyarakat di El Salvador dan terwujud dalam budaya machismo mempertegas bagaimana dominasi yang dimiliki oleh kaum pria terhadap kaum perempuan. Perempuan seperti dianggap sebagai hak milik dan pemilik bebas untuk memperlakukan miliknya sesuai dengan kehendaknya termasuk yang berwujud kekerasan. Selain budaya patriarki yang sangat melekat tersebut, sejarah perang saudara yang panjang turut mempengaruhi tindakan kekerasan dalam kehidupan masyarakat di El Salvador dan terutama yang menjadi korban adalah perempuan dan anak perempuan. Kekerasan yang terjadi tidak hanya pada sektor domestik tetapi juga dalam sektor publik sehingga hal ini menempatkan perempuan pada posisi yang penuh dengan diskriminasi. Kekerasan yang terjadi justru dilakukan oleh orang-orang terdekat seperti suami, mantan suami, maupun pacar sehingga mengakibatkan ketidakamanan bagi perempuan.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-47
Author(s):  
Ismah Rustam

Dewasa ini, China menjadi salah satu negara yang menunjukkan peningkatan kapabilitas kekuatan baik militer, ekonomi, dan geopolitiknya yang semakin meluas. Dibawah kepemimpinan Presiden Xi Jinping, China mengembangkan banyak inovasi yang berlandaskan konsep fundamental yang dipegang teguh sejak dulu seperti “Chinese Dream”, “the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” serta “the twin centenary goals”. Salah satu gagasan China terbaru adalah mereformulasi Jalur Sutera Kuno China menjadi Belt and Road Initiative, yang menggabungkan jalur darat dan jalur laut sebagai jalur perdagangan utama yang membentang hingga ke Eropa. Jalur maritim China memiliki tujuan menjadi penggerak blue economy China melalui ide blue partnership. Peta maritime silk road yang dibuat China memperlihatkan jalur yang melewati wilayah Indonesia. mempertimbangkan wilayah teritorial LCS yang penuh sengketa dan beberapa kali China kedapatan melakukan pelanggaran di laut Indonesia, maka inisiatif ini memberikan tantangan bagi keamanan maritim Indonesia.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Umar Mubdi

The Venezuela crisis is an intersection between political turmoil, economic crisis, mismanagement of natural resources, poverty, and health issues. The root causes of the crisis can be examined by using a peace psychology analysis, chiefly the concept of moral disengagement. This perspective is useful for looking at the Venezuelan crisis in a different approach and, at the same time, addressing peace efforts. One of the things that need to be pursued by domestic actors and humanitarian intervention is reconciliation. This reconciliation must meet the pre-conditions for the dialogue and peace agenda.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sigit

This paper explains the nature and the context of the future of US foreign policy to the Asia or so-called US re-pivot policy to Asia. By using the historical method, this paper tries to make sense of US continuous engagement in Asia, past and present; with a hope to illuminate even quite distant futures of US foreign policy direction. The 2020 US presidential candidates, Donald Trump and Joe Biden have signaled their strong intention of US re-pivot to Asia. However, the new re-pivot to Asia should be different from Obama’s ‘pivot to Asia’. Re-pivot should bring practical economic, strategic, and political benefits to Asian countries, rather than simply containing China.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tiffany Setyo Pratiwi

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the humanitarian intervention in Nigeria because the Boko Haram’s attack. Humanitarian intervention was carried out because there had been gross human rights violations in an area and the government's inability to solve them. Boko Haram attack has caused a humanitarian crisis in Nigeria. Unfortunately, Nigeria has been unable to solve the problem. Boko Haram is a separatist group that wants to replace Nigeria’s legitimate government to Sharia Law. Thus, humanitarian intervention is needed. This paper will explain three sub chapters of the discussion, such as: First, the political and economic conditions in Nigeria. Second, process of Boko Haram attack. Third, humanitarian intervention efforts in Nigeria carried out by international actors, such as: The African Union, some countries in Africa, the United States and some international humanitarian agencies. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. Data sources from literature and internet studies. This paper finds that the humanitarian intervention consists of a military approach and a socio-economic approach. In 2020, humanitarian interventions focus on recovery in education, health issues, and assisting the shelter of refugees.    


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-89
Author(s):  
Lalu Puttrawandi Karjaya

Kementerian Pariwisata Republik Indonesia, sejak 2015 lalu telah menunjuk tiga provinsi di Indonesia sebagai destinasi wisata halal. Salah satunya adalah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB), yang mana NTB dipandang memiliki potensi besar untuk mengembangkan wisata halal di Indonesia. Terdapat tiga alasan provinsi NTB dianggap memiliki porensi besar dalam pengembangan wisata halal. Pertama, panorama destinasi pariwisata NTB tidak kalah dengan yang dimiliki oleh Provinsi Bali. Kedua, mayoritas masyarakat NTB adalah beragama muslim. Ketiga, terdapat kultur dan tradisi keagamaan yang unik yang dimiliki oleh NTB. Namun keadaan pariwisata yang cenderung bersifat konvensional sejak dahulu, tidak dapat dengan mudah dihilangkan atau dirubah begitu saja. Oleh karena itu, pariwisata NTB disarankan untuk mengadopsi konsep Halal Tourism dan pariwisata konvensional seperti yang diterapkan di Thailand. Negara Thailand yang bukan temasuk negara muslim, justru menjadi negara dengan destinasi masyarakat muslim terbesar kedua. Sehingga dalam tulisan ini, akan dibahas beberapa alasan yang melatarbelakangi konsep pariwisata di Thailand juga cocok diterapkan di NTB, khususnya pulau Lombok.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Adrian Adrian

Perbedaan acapkali menjadi penyebab terjadinya konflik dan disintegrasi (perpecahan) dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara. Tak sedikit orang yang anti dan benci dengan perbedaan. Perbedaan seolah dipandang sebagai musuh yang harus diperangi secara bersama. Namun, tidakah disadari bahwa negara Indonesia merupakan negara yang terbentuk dari keberagaman suku, budaya, dan agama, yang jauh lebih dulu ada ketimbang kata “Indonesia” itu sendiri. Selain itu, keberagaman merupakan kehendak yang telah Tuhan ciptakan untuk kehidupan manusia, yang dengannya menjadikan kehidupan manusia berwarna serta memperkaya pengetahuan manusia. Maraknya praktek intoleransi yang terjadi telah menodai semboyan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika dan Pancasila. Selain itu, praktek intoleransi juga telah menodai citra Indonesia di kancah internasional. Indonesia merupakan negara yang dikenal  rukun atas keberagaman dan menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai toleransi, sehingga menjadi inspirasi bagi banyak negara di dunia. Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat Michael Richard Pence menyampaikan bahwa Indonesia itu insiprasi dunia, karena ada kerukunan beragama di tengah keberagaman. Oleh karena itu, menyeragamkan atau menyelaraskan keberagaman, merupakan tindakan yang bertentangan dengan norma-norma yang ada, serta merupakan bentuk perlawanan terhadap kehendak Tuhan.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Risky Novialdi

This paper analyses the failure to provide humanitarian security for Rohingya refugees at the Sanggar Kegiatan Bersama (SKB) in Bireuen, Aceh. Humanitarian protection should provide security and comfort for Rohingya refugees. However, according to a local newspaper 'Serambi', on 15 February 2019 there were only 11 Rohingya refugees living in the Bireuen SKB. This number increased to 79 people on 20 April 2019. This means that Aceh has failed to provide human security for Rohingya refugees. What exactly caused this failure? While Aceh has provided human security in a political context, it has been unable to provide human security in an economic sense. In addition, there have been allegations that Rohingya refugees in Aceh are not only seeking asylum but also trying to find work. From initial observation until 15 April 2019, only two people were still living in the SKB as refugees. The other refugees had escaped from the shelter. This paper draws on interviews and direct observation at the Bireuen SKB.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
Idham Badruzaman

As stated by Johan Galtung, one fundamental principle in establishing peace is to involve the conflicting parties into a constructive dialogue. By this principle, ASEAN avoids isolative approach by welcoming Pyongyang in ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in 2000 and cultivating a trustworthy relationship afterwards. Driven by ASEAN Fundamental Principle in The Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) 1976, ARF appeared to be effective to maintain North Korea in negotiating table, as it also remains to be the only multilateral framework North Korea is in. This ASEAN soft diplomacy in peacebuilding also gains the positive support by Seoul as the engagement with ASEAN through its new southern policy intensifies. With ASEAN contribution as neighboring regional organization, many progresses of peacebuilding, such as Panmunjom Agreement, could be achieved. This paper analyses the role of ASEAN through its way of peacebuilding and soft diplomacy in mediating two Koreas and to help in maintaining peace in the region. This paper argues that ASEAN’s impartiality and traditional friendship among ASEAN members and two Koreas are the keys of ASEAN role in this regard. 


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