Perlindungan Terhadap Tenaga Kesehatan di Masa Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru Selama Pandemi Covid-19

Background: The spread of the Covid-19 disease that occurred at the end of 2019 had many impacts on society, including health workers. Therefore, efforts to protect against the dangers of Covid-19 are needed in the workplace so that the safety and health of workers is guaranteed. The application of a hierarchy of hazard control is an example of a method that can be applied. Goal: To determine the application of methods of protecting health workers in the adaptation period for new habits during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: The making of a Literature Review was carried out with a literature review with a descriptive approach based on relevant research articles or journals. Search scientific literature on PubMed electronic database using the keyword "(" Covid-19 ") AND (" HCW "OR" Healthcare Worker ") AND (" Protection "). The inclusion criteria used were articles with a publication time span from March to September 2020, articles in Indonesian and English which were full text. The exclusion criteria used were articles that were not related to the theme of the literature review. Result: Based on the 9 reviewed literature, it was found that the protection measures currently implemented in each workplace were still in the less optimal category, this was because there were still many problems, one of which was the insufficient availability of PPE. The problem of lack of availability of PPE is a problem that must be resolved, so that health workers can work safely and comfortably. Conclusion: Workforce protection efforts mostly lead to the use of PPE, but from several studies that the availability of PPE is still a major problem in maximizing protection efforts from the dangers of Covid-19.

Perbedaan Derajat Keasaman Kulit Wajah, Dada dan Punggung Pada Penderita Akne Vulgaris di Kota Medan Tahun 2019

Background: Acne vulgaris is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit that often occurs in adolescents and young adults. The pathogenesis of acne vulgaris involves several factors, one of which is the acidity (pH) of the skin. Objective: This study aimed to determine the difference in the degree of acidity of facial skin, chest and back of patients with acne vulgaris. Methods: This was a comparative analytic study with cross sectional design. The sample collection technique was consecutive sampling. Data were analyzed using ANOVA-test. Results: The majority of patients with acne vulgaris who came to Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital Medan and the private clinic of dr. Rudyn Reymond Panjaitan, M.Ked (KK), Sp.KK was a 17-25 year old. The mean acidity of facial skin with acne vulgaris was 5.66, the mean acidity of chest skin was 5,84 and the mean acidity of back skin was 6.09. There was a significant difference in the mean value of acidity in facial, chest and back skin of patients with acne vulgaris (p = 0,000). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in average degree of acidity on the facial, chest and back skin in patients with acne vulgaris.

Perbandingan Efektivitas Penyuluhan Demam Berdarah Dengue dengan Metode Role Play dan Metode Permainan Simulasi terhadap Perilaku Ibu tentang DBD di Kecamatan Medan Deli

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia is a “re-emerging infectious disease”. DHF can be prevented by vector control. Human behavior is very influential on dengue vector control, namely the cleanliness of the house and activities. In 2017, DHF cases in Indonesia were 59,047 cases. In North Sumatra Province, there were 5,327 cases, in Medan City as many as 1216 cases, with Medan Deli District as the sub-district with the most cases, with 100 cases. Objective: This study aims to see the improvement of mother's behavior by using the roleplay method and simulation games. Methods: The research is a quasi-experimental non-equivalent group design. The target population is mothers who live in Medan Deli District. The selection of research subjects by purposive sampling, with the number of subjects in each group is 15 people. This study uses the method of role play and games as a comparison method, with a questionnaire as a measuring tool. Paired t-test to see the increase in the mean of each group, and unpaired t-test to see the difference in the mean value. Results: The results of the paired t-test data analysis found that these two methods showed significant results, with p values ​​of 0.000 and 0.001 with a mean increase in the role play method of 1.40 and the game method of 1.53. The unpaired t-test was found to have a significant difference between the average post-test scores between the role play method and the game method, the mean post-test score for the role-play method was found to be lower than the post-test score for the game method. Conclusions: Counseling using the role play method and games provides significant results in increasing maternal behavior about DHF. The game method shows a greater average increase than the role play method.

Mengurangi Risiko Jatuh pada Lanjut Usia dengan Latihan Keseimbangan

Background: Population of elderly in Indonesia continues to grow. Physical changes in the elderly cause balance disturbances, increasing the risks of falling. Objective: To determine balance training effectiveness on reducing risks of falls in elderly. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with control and intervention groups. Functional Reach Test (FRT) and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) were used to assess balance function. The elderly in this study had risks of falling according to FRT and FES-I. Timed Get-up and Go Test was used to assess physical function. Education and balance exercises were given for 3 weeks to the intervention group. Pre-test data were taken at the beginning of the study, while post-test data after the balance training was given to the intervention group. Paired t-test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test data. Results: Research was conducted in Warungboto and Giwangan Kampongs, Umbulharjo District, Yogyakarta Municipality. Data from 60 elderly: 30 in the intervention and 30 in the control groups. Paired t-test showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test results in the intervention group on FRT (t=-16,301, p<0.001, and FES-I (t=-24,457, p<0.001). The three-week-balance-training significantly reduced the risk of falling in the intervention group. Significant difference was not found in the control group on FRT (t=-0.126, p=0.901), and FES-I (t=-0.764, p=0.451). There was no significant reduction in the risks of falls in the control group. Conclusion: Balance training is effective in reducing the risk of falls in elderly.

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Sikap dan Tindakan terhadap Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome pada Remaja

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the diseases with high mortality rate, but we can prevent its transmission. People with good knowledge about HIV/AIDS should have the positive attitude and action on HIV/AIDS. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between knowledge level about HIV/AIDS and the attitude and action on HIV/AIDS in high school students. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 96 teenagers (aged 15-19 years old) was performed at SMA Swasta HKBP Sidorame Medan. The knowledge, attitude, and action on HIV/AIDS were evaluated with questionnaire. Knowledge level was categorized to good, fair, and bad. Attitude was categorized to positive and negative attitude. Action was categorized to risk and no risk action. Likelihood-ratio test was performed to evaluate the correlation between knowledge with attitude and action on HIV/AIDS because chi-square test criteria was not met. Results: This study showed that about 57.3% of students have bad knowledge about HIV/AIDS, 62.5% have positif attitude on HIV/AIDS, and 86.5% did no risky action on HIV/AIDS. Likelihood-ratio test showed that there was a significant correlation between knowledge about HIV/AIDS with attitude on HIV/AIDS (p= 0.000), and with the action on HIV/AIDS (p= 0.009). Conclusion: The knowledge level about HIV/AIDS correlates with attitude and action on HIV/AIDS.

Perbandingan antara Rasio Neutrofil Limfosit dan Trombosit pada Kebocoran Plasma Anak

Background: Dengue virus infection is a global health problem. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) has become a global attention because of children death due to plasma leakage. Plasma leakage is a symptom of critical phase in children that occurs on the 3rd to 5th day. Neutrophil lymphocyte (NL) ratio and platelet count change can be seen in critical phase of plasma leakage which can help process of patient’s therapy. Objective: This study aimed to compare the NL ratio and platelets count on plasma leakage in children with DHF. Methods: This study was an analytical study with cross-sectional design. The sample was children with DHF at RSUD Dr.Pirngadi Medan. The data of this study were analyzed by computer software, used an unpaired t test with p <0.05. Results: This study found that the most age of DHF was 6-10 years old, most gender are male and DHF grade 1. Unpaired t test found the average difference between NL ratio and platelet with value of p = 0.043 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Plasma leakage average on NL ratio is higher than plasma leakage average on platelets that occurs in children with DHF at RSUD Dr.Pirngadi Medan.

Korelasi Antara Panjang Tulang Radius Dengan Tinggi Badan Pada Suku Batak di Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan

Background: Dead victim and/ or found in unregocnized condition need to be identified. The identification of the unrecognized victim is carried out to prove that the skeleton is a human skeleton with ethnicity, race, sex, estimated age, height and special characteristics. Body height is a main characteristic which used as an identification process for various interests. Estimated body height can be measured based on long bones, which one of them is radius bone. Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between the length of the radius bone with body height of Bataknese student, lecturer, and staff at Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan. Method: This research was an analytic study with cross-sectional design. The sample of this study was 72 students and employees of Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan, consist of 27 Bataknese men and 45 Bataknese women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling technique was done by purposive sampling. Data analysis was done by univariate method to describe the characteristics of the subjects, normality test used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and bivariate analysis used the Pearson and Spearman tests to obtain the correlation between the radius bone length and body height. Results: The results of the study by sex, both men and women have a strong correlation value. Men have a correlation strength with r = 0.746 (p>0.05) and women have a correlation strength with r = 0.789 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between the length of the radius bone with body height of Bataknese students at Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan.

Korelasi Antara Lama Menjalani Pengobatan Tuberkulosis Paru Dengan Skor Depresi Pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru Yang Menjalani Pengobatan di Poliklinik Paru RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan

Background : Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bactery can be transmitted through airbone particles and droplets. The treatment is a long term therapy and can be a stressor which effect patient’s physical and psychologycal, that leads to depression. Objective : The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between pulmonary tuberculosis treatment duration and depression score. Methods : This study was a correlative analysis with cross sectional design. The sample were 52 respondents whom currently endured the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in pulmonary unit in RSUD Pirngadi Medan, selected by consecutive sampling. Beck’s inventory depression II questionnaires were used to measure depression score. The data were analyzed with pearson correlation test. Result : There was a low negative correlation between duration of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment and depression score (p = 0,027 ; r = -0,309) Conclusion : The longer duration of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment, the lower the depression score.

Manifestasi Penyakit Kulit pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Dr. Pirngadi Medan

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic group with characteristic hyperglycemia that occurs due toabnormal insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. DM is often called the silent killer because the patients knowthey has DM only after the patient experiencing complications and manifestations. It is estimated that 30-70% of DM patients experience skin manifestations during the disease process. The relationship between the appearance of skin manifestations with diabetes mellitus is not yet known, but it is suspected due to chronic hyperglycemia and abnormalities of the immune system.Objective: To determine skin diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes at General Hospital Dr. Pirngadi Medan.Methods: This research was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional study design conducted at Dr. GeneralHospital Pirngadi Medan. Data collection was carried out through 29 medical records of patients with diabetesmellitus from January 2018 to December 2018. Samples were selected by total sampling.Results: From 29 samples studied, there were six types of skin manifestations. The most common skinmanifestations are Diabetic Ulcer (62.07%), followed by Steven Johnson Syndrome and diabetic gangrene, which both are equally 13.80%. The other skin manifestations are herpes zoster, gluteal abscess, and bullous pemphigoid (3.44%).Conclusion: The most common manifestation of the skin in patients with type 2 DM is Diabetic Ulcer.

Pengaruh Pemberian Alpukat Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Darah Pada Mahasiswa/i Obesitas Di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan Tahun 2019

Background: Cholesterol is a fat that does not dissolve easily in the blood. Most of the cholesterol in the blood is attached to specific protein carriers in the plasma in the form of lipoprotein complexes, which are soluble in water. Lipoprotein which carries cholesterol throughout the body. namely LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein). An increase in LDL in the body tends to form atherosclerosis. In contrast HDL cholesterol inhibits LDL oxidation so that atherosclerotic plaque formation does not occur. Obesity is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis with manifestations of coronary heart disease. Handling of obesity has been done by many researchers and implemented. One ingredient from nature that serves as an alternative ingredient to lower blood cholesterol levels is avocado. Objective: To determine the effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in the obese college students at the Medical Faculty of Nommensen HKBP University in 2019. Methods :This research is a pre-experimental study with a pre-post test design in one group. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method and obtained 20 obese students. Subjects consumed avocado juice every day for 14 days. Total cholesterol levels were measured before (day 0) and after (day 14) treatment. Results: The mean total cholesterol level of the subject's blood on the pretest examination was 188.10 mg / dL and the posttest examination was 180.05 mg / dL. There was a decrease in the average total blood cholesterol level of 8.05 mg / dl. Paired T-test showed that there was a non-significant decrease in mean total blood cholesterol level with a value of p = 0.068 (p <0.05). Conclusion: In this study there was no effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in obese students.