Effect of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil, fractions and its derivatives on resistant fungal Strains

Persistentantimicrobial drugs treatmenthas resulted in antimicrobial resistance in fungi. There is always a gap for newer antifungal agent. As fungi are associated with multiple health risks in humans and many diseases in crops as well.Objective: To find alternate natural antimicrobial agent as compared to the synthetic one. Method:Essential oil of Trachyspermumammi was isolated, fractionated, and subjected to GC-MS analysis. Components from fractions were derivatized to check their antimicrobial potential against fungal resistant strains. Results:Analysis showed γ -terpinene (39%), α-phellandrene (1.3%), α-pinene (0.5%), Sabinene (0.15%), β-pinene (4.40%), β-myrcene (1.14%), O-cymene (15.78%), p-cymefne (38.78%), and other components were less than 1%. Fractional components were derivatised and their antifungal action was studied. Conclusion: Ajwain oil components found to be good against resistant fungal strains. While some derivatives showed more and some less antimicrobial action.

Effects OF Mulligan’s Mobilization With Movement On First Rib To Reduce Pain And Improve Cervical Rotation In Mechanical Neck Dysfunction

Mechanical Neck Pain(MNP) is a term used to describe pain that results from stress or strain on the structures of the vertebral column. Factors such as alteration in the anatomical structures, sprain or strain of the muscles or ligaments, and adaptation to a faulty posture can result in First rib dysfunction has been identified as a potential cause for faulty dynamic, static, traumatic or congenital factors, may contribute to the development of elevated first rib dysfunction. Objective: Was to determine the effects of Mulligan’s mobilization with movement on first rib to reduce pain and improve cervical rotation in mechanical neck dysfunction. Material and methods: This study Quasi-experimental trial was done at PT CARE MM Alam road Lahore. The study was completed within the time duration of six months (July-Dec 2019) after the approval of synopsis. A total of 26 cases (13 in each group) were divided into 2 groups. Group A and Group B were treated with conventional exercise program and with Mulligan’s mobilization with movement on first rib and conventional exercise program only respectively. Bubble inclinometer and NPRS tools were used to measure cervical rotation and Pain respectively. Data analysis was done by SPSS 21. Results: The mean change in NPRS was statistically higher in group-B (5.46 ± 0.78) as compared to group-A (2.62 ± 0.87), p-value < 0.001. The mean change in cervical rotation (ROM) was statistically higher in group-B (17.46 ± 5.19) as compared to group-A (31.23 ± 4), p-value < 0.001. Conclusion: It is concluded that Mulligan’s mobilization with movement on first rib and conventional exercise program had statistically significant change in reduction of pain and had higher improvement in cervical rotation (ROM) right and left. Hence, by combining conventional treatment and Mulligan’s mobilization , maximum clinical benefits to reduce pain and improve cervical rotation can be attained in mechanical neck dysfunction

Impact Of Population Screening Programs On The Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Regarding Prevention Of Thalassema

Beta Thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder in Pakistan. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents of children suffering from Thalassemia with regards to disease prevention. It also determined the degree of social and religious opposition faced by these parents during implementation of preventive practices Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in the 36 districts of Punjab via nine regional centers of Punjab Thalassemia Prevention Project. 248 parents of Beta Thalassemia Major and Intermedia were interviewed using a pre-designed pre-tested structured questionnaire. All statistical analyses were conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS 23.0) Results: 83.5% of the respondents had adequate knowledge and 98.4% had positive attitudes. Knowledge and attitude were positively correlated (p=0.00). 93% opted for prenatal diagnosis and 91% opted for termination of affected fetus. Among these individuals 12% faced opposition from their family members when they went for diagnostic testing and this opposition rose to 20% when they had to opt for termination. The local religious clerics opposed prenatal diagnosis in 3% of the cases and termination in 7% of the cases Conclusion: When compared to previous studies the knowledge, attitudes and practices of our study population was better. Thus, population screening programs have a positive impact on knowledge, attitudes and practices of caregivers of Thalassemia patients. However, social and religious opposition needs to be countered for further implementation of effective preventive practices.

Effect of Zinc Supplement on Severity Of Acute Diarrhea Among Childern Under Five Years Of Age

According to World Health Organization (WHO) approximately four million children less than 5 years of age in Asia, Africa, and Latin America die annually from diarrhea; and 80% of these deaths occur in the first year of life. Objective: To see how a zinc supplement influences the severity of acute diarrhea in children under the age of five. Methods: In current study, we analyze the effect of zinc on diarrheal patients. Zinc was randomly assigned to diarrheal patients in different concentration 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg and 20 mg. There were two groups in our study, treatment and control group. Results: The results are presented in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics. In T1 (Treatment Group) number of Diarrhea patients < 1 Year of age were 16, 2-4 years of age were 45, 4-5 years of age and maximum no of patients in T1 < 2 year of age were 57. Number of male patients were 84 while female patients were 67 in T1.In T2 (Control Group) number of male patients were 92 while female patients were In T1 number of patients residing in urban area were 51 while rural were 100. In T2 number of urban were 69 while rural were 82.Number of patients stay in the hospital for one day were 67 ,15 for Four days and only 1 for seven days in T1. In T2 number of patients stay in the hospital for one day were 29, 17 for four days and only 6 for seven days. In T1 number of Patients with watery diarrhea were 87, Mucoid consistency of stool were 31,soft consistency of stool were 23 and formed consistency of stool were 9.In T2 watery diarrhea were 92,Mucoid consistency of stool were 25,soft consistency of stool were 31 and formed consistency of stool were 4. Frequency of stool significantly reduced (P<0.005) at 7th day of zinc treatment while consistency of stool was significantly improved (P<0.005) at day 3 and day 5 of zinc treatment. Children who received zinc supplements showed a marked improvement in all outcome measures, suggesting that this deficiency is amenable to correction by replacement.

Need Assessment for Faculty Development in Wah Medical College

Introduction: Faculty development (FD) is defined broadly as the range of activities that institutions use to assist faculty in their roles and fields including teaching, research and administration. And faculty is now expected to be more effective and creative in their teaching methods. Objectives: To determine the needs assessment for faculty development. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Wah Medical College, January- June 2019. Methodology: A questionnaire was prepared after the review of literature. It had two parts; demographic profile and responses of the faculty on various aspects regarding needs assessment. Questionnaires were distributed to all the faculty members of college. Data was analyzed by SPSS and frequencies were calculated. T-test was used with p value of 0.05. Result: 90 faculty members responded back. Out of these 90, 34(37.8%) were in favor of 1 workshop per year. 59(65.6%)wanted half day workshop. 75(83.3%) members wanted workshops to be on weeks days. 66(73.3%) favored one-day workshops. 71(78.9%), 47(52.2%), 38(42.2%) don’t attend workshops due to lack of time, institutional support, trained facilitators respectively. Conclusion: We concluded that the Wah medical college faculty is in need of faculty development programs that should be conducted by the medical education department with in the college. The college should facilitate the faculty in the best possible way especially considering the limitations and responsibilities of the female faculty.

Effect of depression and anxiety on quality of life among cardiovascular patients visiting Tertiary Care hospital Lahore

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Mental disorders like anxiety and depression are common among cardiovascular patients. These mental disorders have adverse effect on quality of life (QoL) among these patients which further increases mortality and morbidity among them Objective: The propose of this study was to assess the effect of anxiety and depression on quality of life among cardiovascular patients Methods: A cross sectional study was performed at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. 100 patients of CVD were selected by non-probability sampling technique. All patients of both genders aged above 18 years with diagnosed CVD were included. In order to measure the anxiety and depression among cardiovascular patients, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and WHOQOL was used to assess the QoL of patients Results: Out of total 100 patients, there were 47 females and 53 males. Patients mean age was 54.87 ± 16.66. Among CVD patients, 52 were borderline cases and 33 were abnormal cases of anxiety. 56 cases were borderline and 28 were abnormal cases of depression. Anxiety and depression had adverse effect on QoL among CVD patients. Low scores were found for physical, psychological and environmental domains of WHOQOL. A significant association was found between social relationships domain of WHOQOL with anxiety and depression and the level of significance was p-values 0.016 and 0.043 respectively. There was significant association between psychological domain of QoL with depression (P=0.039) and monthly income (P=0.016). There was insignificant association between educational level, sex, age with QoL, anxiety and depression Conclusions: Study concluded that anxiety and depression have negative impact on QoL and are risk factors for health-related QoL among CVD patients. Persons attending medical care are usually not being assessed for anxiety due to lack of facilities, lack of understanding of disease and over burden of patients. They are responsible for greater mortality and morbidity in CVDs. The depression and Anxiety are the mediating factors and it must be taken into consideration in clinical practices when QoL is considered as a clinical prerequisite

Prices, Availability And Affordability Of Essential Medicines For Non-Communicable Diseases: A Facility Based Survey In District Abbotabad

Background: Non communicable diseases (NCDs) are spreading like an epidemic worldwide. Essential medicines are crucial for prevention and control of NCDs. World Health Organization (WHO) has set a benchmark of 80% availability of essential medicines in public and private facilities. Availability being a predictor of access to medicines is low in Low and Middle income countries (LMICs). The objective of this study is to determine price, availability and affordability of essential medicines for NCDs in District Abbottabad. Methods: This study was based on the standardized protocol provided by WHO and Health Action International (HAI) for determination of availability, prices and affordability of medicines. A total of 50 medicines for NCDs that were enlisted in Essential Medicine List of district Khyber Pakhtun Khawa were selected for the study. Twenty seven medicine dispensing facilities belonging to public, private and other basic health units (BHUs) (managed by PPHI) sectors were surveyed in the district. Simple random sampling was employed to select facilities. Results: The mean overall percentage availability of essential medicines for NCDs was 0.1% for original brand and 1.9% for low price generic in public sector. Overall availability was better in private and other sectors (32.9% for OB and 13.8% for LPGs and 5.3% for OB and 11.1% for LPG respectively). The prices in public procurement sector were competitive. The median price ratio (MPR) in public procurement sector was 0.56. Prices were higher comparatively in private sector with MPR 2.83. Most of the medicines require less than a day wage to buy 30 days treatment. Conclusions: The availability of essential medicines for NCDs was poor in District Abbottabad. None of the sectors reached the benchmark of 80% with regard to availability of medicines. LPGs were not frequently available in the private sector. However, prices were reasonable in public sector and acceptable in private sector. Medicines were found to be affordable but affordability may differ for people living below poverty line of US $1.

Effects Of Remote Myofascial Release Of Sub-Occipital Region In Asymptomatic Individuals With Hamstrings Tightness

The purpose of this study was to research the effect of performing Remote myofascial release of sub occipital region in asymptomatic individual with hamstring tightness. Keeping these muscles loose is important. If muscles have tightened up then muscles are working at less than 100 % of capacity and performance will be down as a result. Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the effect of performing Remote myofascial release of sub occipital region in asymptomatic individual with hamstring tightness. Methods: The study was a Quasi experimental trial and was conducted in Physiotherapy center for arthritis. 64participant in this research & divided into 2 Groups. (Group A was treated with static Stretching exercises of hamstrings and Group B was treated with remote Myofascial release of sub occipital region and static Stretching exercises). For analysis we were used Knee Extension angle and Sit to reach test at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment in both groups. Data analysis was done by SPSS. Results: p value of within the group comparison for knee extension angle and Sit to reach test score was significant i.e. <0.001.Mayofascial Release of sub occipital region and static stretch give us best result.IN group A Pre-treatment knee extension angle was 14.68 & post treatment 10.87 with mean difference 3.81 P <0.01.In Group B pre-treatment knee extension angle 14.78.& post-treatment knee extension angle 13.75 with mean difference 11.03 & p<0.001 which concludes that remote myofascial release of sub-occipital region improve the flexibility of hamstring tightness. Conclusion: The current study concludes that myofascial release of sub occipital region along with static stretching and static stretching alone, both are effective in improving flexibility in patients with hamstring tightness. However, myofascial release of sub occipital region along with static stretching is more effective than static stretching alone.

Effect Of Storage Time And Temperature On Platelet Indices Of EDTA Samples

Objectives: This study was conducted to find effect of storage time and temperature on platelet indices of samples taken in EDTA. Methods: In this study 100 samples without the specification of gender were included. CBC samples were taken in two EDTA vials from each patient. All the samples were separated in two groups. One sample group was stored at room temperature(RT) and other at 2-6°C. CBC was run on CBC analyzer Sysmex XN-1000 at 0 hours, 4 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours. Results: There was significantly increasing trend for MPV, PDW and P-LCRat RT and decreasing trend at 4°C when compared with 0 hours. PCT showed significant decreasing trend at 4°C with respect to 0 hours. Significant decrease in platelet count was observed after storage at room temperature as well as at 4°C. Conclusion: Although 4°C consider as optimal temperature to transport specimen for CBC but Platelet Indices values varies significantly in comparison to baseline when stored at 4oC and at room temperature. It seems prudent to conclude that if platelet pathology is the major drive for CBC test performance then specimen should be run without delay.

Platelets and D-dimer as the Biomarkers for COVID-19

COVID-19, a highly contagious and rapidly spreading viral infection caused by the new corona virus SARS-COV-2, was first identified in China. On March11th, 2020 World Health Organization announced it a pandemic. The novel infection which is still being studied has a wide range of severity, ranging from no symptoms to severe pneumonia that can lead to death Objective: To find correlation between D-Dimer and platelets count with the severity of the disease Methods: It was a cross sectional study. The duration of the study was 6 months from November, 2020 to May 2021. The study was conducted in University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology (UIMLT), University of Lahore. Data of 101 COVID-19 positive patients was taken from Shaukat Khanum Hospital, Farooq Hospital & University of Lahore Teaching Hospital (UOL), Lahore. Hematological and biochemical parameters such as Complete blood count (CBC), D-Dimer, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Platelet count (PLT) and Ferritin levels were observed. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21.0. P-value less than and equal to 0.05 was taken as significant Results: Platelet count was decreased in severe patients of COVID-19 and was statisticallysignificant (P-value = 0.004) LDH, D-dimer, and Ferritin were increased with severity of disease and they were also statistically significant (P-value 0.005, 0.000. 0.027) respectively Conclusions:The platelet count, D-Dimer, LDH and Ferritin levels could act as the biomarker to determine the severity in COVID-19 infection