Effectiveness administration of cow rumen liquid at various levels of carbohydrates in feed on nutrient digestiveness and feed efficiency of milk fish (Chanos chanos Forsskal)

Efforts to reduce protein in fish feed by maximizing the use of carbohydrates as an energy source must be supported by exogenous enzymes. One source of exogenous enzymes that can be used as a polysaccharide degrading agent easily obtained and wasted is rumen liquid in slaughterhouses (RPH). This study aims to determine the most effective carbohydrate level after being given rumen liquid as a source of exogenous enzymes in maximizing nutrient digestibility and feed efficiency in milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal). This study was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of 4 treatments and three replications. Thus there were 12 experimental units. The treatments tested were feeds with various levels of carbohydrates (27.81%; 39.50%; 46.97%; and 56.75%) then given cow rumen liquid as a source of the enzyme at a dose of 80 mL/100 g of feed. Nutrient digestibility and feed efficiency data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the W-Tuckey test. The results showed that feeding with various levels of carbohydrates in the feed that was first given cow rumen liquid waste had a significant effect (P<0.05) on fibre digestibility, carbohydrate digestibility, and feed efficiency of milkfish, but had no significant impact (P>0.05) on total digestibility, protein digestibility, and fat digestibility of milkfish. The most effective carbohydrate level in feed after being given cow rumen liquid which can optimize nutrient digestibility and feed efficiency of milkfish, is 46.97%.

Efficacy of attenuated bacteria vaccine against streptococcal infection in larvae tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

One of the common diseases found in tilapia is a streptococcal disease caused by the Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria. Treatment of this disease is generally done by using antibiotics. The use of antibiotics in controlling disease in fish can create resistant bacterial strains with certain doses. The use of vaccines is one of the alternative control methods in fish defence against infections. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of vaccination on seeds through immersion using attenuated active bacteria to increase immunity at the beginning of the spread of streptococcosis disease. The vaccine used was obtained from attenuated Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria through repeated passage ten times. Vaccination was carried out through oral vaccine. Challenge tests were carried out on days 7, 14, and 21 days after vaccination on tilapia larvae by immersion. The result indicated that vaccination using attenuated bacteria could increase lysozyme activity at each observation time compared to control. The mortality of post-challenged larvae on days 7, 14 and 21 post-vaccination was lower than that of unvaccinated seed. The percentage of RPS values up to the 14th day of observation has increased and tends to decrease on the 21st day.

Identification Escherichia coli on some fisheries commodities in the traditional market of Mamuju, West Sulawesi

Fish is a source of high-quality protein. Protein in fish has a complete composition and amount of essential amino acids. However, fish is a type of food that is susceptible to biological damage and is susceptible to microbial contamination so that it quickly decays. One of the most important microorganisms in spoilage of fish meat is Escherichia coli bacteria. This study aims to determine the presence of Escherichia coli bacteria in scad, tuna and skipjack tuna. The research was carried out from July to September 2021. The research method used was a sample survey method, sampling was carried out at 3 market locations, namely the TPI market and the tasiu market. Furthermore, the samples were analyzed at the Laboratory of Fish Quarantine and Quality Control Center (BKIPM) Mamuju, West Sulawesi. The results showed that the largest E.coli content was found in tuna 1 in the TPI market, which was 20 MPN/g, and the smallest E.coli content was < 3 MPN/g, namely scad fish 1 in the tasiu and TPI markets, tuna 1 and 2 in the TPI market, tuna 2 in TPI market.

Literature review: Economic value of utilization of crab shell waste (Case study of PT. Toba Surimi Industri in Tanjungpinang City, Riau Island Province)

Writing this scientific paper aims to determine the economic value of the potential waste of crab shells produced by PT. Toba Surimi Industry in Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands Province. The company has not utilized crab shell waste. In contrast, crab shell waste can provide economic value that provides a lot of additional value. Crab shell waste can be processed into chitosan, which has many functions in various sectors, both in the fisheries, automotive and health industries, and other sectors. Chitosan is produced from the chitin substance contained in crab shells through deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation. The economic value that can generate from the utilization of crab shell waste PT. Toba Surimi Industry when processed into chitosan with a crab shell weight of 270 kg/day, which is Rp. 40.500.000/day.

Masculinization of betta fish (Betta sp) using cow testic flour through Artemia Immersion

Betta fish (Betta sp) is a freshwater ornamental fish during the pandemic that is very popular with the public. However, people tend to prefer male betta fish than female fish. To deal with the large number of requests, a sex reversal technique is carried out which applies hormonal engineering to change female to male sexual characters (masculinization) using natural ingredients, namely cow testicle flour. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dose of bovine testicular flour hormone on the process of oral male betta fish larvae. This research was conducted in Moncongloe Village, Maros Regency, from July to September 2021. The production of beef testicle flour was carried out in the Chemical Engineering laboratory, Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic. Betta fish seeds were kept each in an aquarium measuring 20 cm x 14 cm x 20 cm as many as 12 pieces. Soaking artemia with beef testicle flour with a predetermined dose of 60 mg L-1, 80 mg L-1 and 100 mg L-1, the duration of immersion is 24 hours. This study used a one-factor completely randomized design (CRD). The results obtained were the highest percentage of male genitalia at a dose of 100 mg L-1 with a percentage of 66.7%. The survival rate of betta fish during the maintenance period with different doses of cow testicles obtained data ranging from 80-100%.

Hybrid event strategy for the fishing community (Case study of the fisherman community of Beba hamlet, Takalar regency during the Covid-19 pandemic)

This study examines the concept of Hybrid Event as a new strategy that is considered reliable enough for fishing communities in Makassar to face new normal conditions. New economic spaces have been created for fishermen and UMKM fishermen who have been affected by Covid-19. The old economic spaces are no longer reliable because they are constrained by laws and regulations from the government that require restrictions on social distancing and physical distancing. The purpose of this study was to analyze the readiness of the fishing community and fishermen UMKM actors in Beba, Tamasaju Village, North Galesong District, Takalar Regency to enter business era 4.0 in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic and assist the realization of government policies in providing socio-economic protection to fishing communities and as well as UMKM fishermen in Makassar. The resulting output is in the form of four (4) main strategies: first, combining physical and virtual meetings, so that fishermen's businesses and businesses and fishermen's UMKM continue to run in various different atmospheres. Second, health protocols such as maintaining physical distance and social distance are not violated and at the same time the pace of economic activity of fishing communities and fishing UMKM can still run normally. Third, empowering fishing communities and fishing UMKM in using appropriate information technology. And fourth, the government's budget policy for fishing communities and fishing UMKM that are oriented to the provision of appropriate information technology

Maturity level of female red swimming crab gonads (Thalamita spinimana) in Dompak Waters, Tanjungpinang, Riau Island

Red crab (Thalamita spinimana) is a type of crab that has a light body color, favored by coastal communities for its thick meat and high protein content at a low selling price. This research purpose to determine the maturity level of female red crabs. This research was conducted using a survey method with sampling twice for two months which was carried out from April to May 2021 in Dompak Waters, Tanjungpinang. The results of the research found that TKG I was immature gonads. Female red crabs incubate eggs (Ovigerous) with yellow and orange color, dominated by immature gonads, while brown and dark gray colors are dominated by mature gonads.

Mapping of fishing area (Euthynnus affinis) GIS based in Bone’s Bay Waters

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between oceanographic factors and the catch of tuna (Euthynnus affinis) and to determine the potential fishing zone (ZPPI) in the waters of the Gulf of Bone. The data collection method is carried out by literature study and field observation study by taking coordinate points and measuring oceanographic parameters. The types of data collected were temperature, salinity, currents, and tuna catches. Data were analyzed using GIS software with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and ANOVA test. This research was conducted in Bone Bay Waters in October-November 2018. The results showed that the highest catch based on sea surface temperature was in the range of 32°C with a total yield of 1207.5 kg, the highest net based on salinity was in the field of 34‰, namely as much as 836.5 kg, and the highest catch is based on a current speed of 0.04 m/sec, which is as much as 334.5 kg. Based on the ANOVA table, the significance value of the effect of temperature (X1), salinity (X2), and current (X3) simultaneously on the tuna catch (Y) is 0.0425<0.05 and the Fcrit>Ftabel (5.960>4,75) which means that there is a significant effect of oceanographic parameters on the tuna catch. Overlay analysis of oceanographic parameters shows potential areas for Euthynnus affinis is located most of the waters of Sinjai to the south of the Sembilan Island to the outside of Bone Bay.

Microplastic: pollution issue and seafood security

At the first time, plastic materials were produced to facilitate various activities of human life. Plastic materials that are flexible and durable have been used by humans to meet various needs to support their daily activities. Starting from human activities from waking up to going back to sleep, nowadays it cannot be separated from the use of plastic materials. This then makes humans "addicted" to plastic materials. It is as if human life cannot be separated from the use of plastic materials. Various research results in the field of pollution both on land and the sea, plastic materials that are not managed properly can contaminate human life, either directly or indirectly, to food sources, especially food from the sea.

Composition of types fishing gear in Barru regency waters in the pandemic time of Covid-19

The potential of marine fish resources in Districts Barru is multi-species, especially pelagic fish. Therefore, in the management and utilization of fishery resources it is very possible for the community to be able to operate various fishing gear. This study aims to determine the composition of the types of fishing gear operated by fishermen in Barru Districts waters of during the pandemic Covid 19. Data collection was carried out from September to October 2020 in around the waters and coastal areas in Barru Districts. This study used a descriptive survey method, by collecting available data (secondary data) in the form of: categories of types and numbers of fishing gears. besides that, field observations will also be carried out. During the pandemic Covid-19, the operation of fishing gear in Barru Districts waters was 13 types of fishing gear, with a composition consisting of four types of fishing gears that were predominantly used, namely 622 drifting gill nets (28.4%), hand lines (21, 7%), Bottom gill nets (19.9%), trolling line (9.6%). Meanwhile, the least used fishing gear was 8 Bagan Tancap (lift net) (0.4%).