Biodiversity And Arthropod Abundance In Organic Semi Rice In Swamp Lowland in Palangka Raya City

Palangka Raya has the potential for swamp lowland to be used for rice farming. For this purpose, knowledge of arthropod biodiversity is required. The study aims to determine the biodiversity and abundance of arthropods and arthropods dominant in semi-organic rice plantations in swamp lowlands. The study was conducted from September to November 2019 in Palangka Raya City. The study was carried out on 1.148m2 farmer's paddy fields. The land is divided into three trial plots, each measuring 28x13 m2. Observations were made at the age of 8-15 WAP. Samples were taken using a net trap (Sweep net). Arthropod biodiversity was analyzed using the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H'). The results showed that in the semi-organic rice ecosystem were obtained 10 orders, 58 families with a total of 8973 individuals, consisting of pests 92.61%, predators 6.59%, parasitoids 0.28%, pollinators 0.06%, Detrivore 0.35%, and 0.07% neutral insects. Diversity index (H') is low to moderate (0.10-2.19), dominance index (C) is in the low to high (0.18-0.97); Evenness index shows that the community is depressed until unstable (0.04-0.67); and The abundance index on the criteria of less to very much (8.96-25.03). The dominant arthropods are dominated by the Rice bug (Leptocorisa acuta).

Effectiveness of Indigenous Rhizobacteria Formulations in Increasing the Growth and Yield of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.)

The use of beneficial microbes in increasing plant growth and yield is a very appropriate choice to reduce synthetic chemicals that can cause negative impacts on the environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of post-save formulations of Wakatobi indigenous rhizobacteria in increasing the growth and yield of shallots. The study was conducted in Jati Bali Village, Konawe Selatan District, using a Randomized Block Design, consisting of 10 rhizobacterial formulation treatments, a combination of three types of biological agents, namely Pseudomonas sp. LP03, Pseudomonas sp. TWB02 and Pseudomonas sp. TWB11, and three types of formulation materials: ground brick powder, ground burned rice husk powder, and bentonite; one control using NaCl 0.85%. The experiment was repeated three times so that there were 360 treatment units. The results showed that of the three types of rhizobacteria tested, only Pseudomonas sp. TWB02 and Pseudomonas sp. LP03 can display better performance in increasing the growth and yield of shallots. These rhizobacteria are more compatible using the ground burned rice-husk powder formulation. Increased shallot yield (tuber fresh weight) in seed treatment using Pseudomonas sp. TWB02 and Pseudomonas sp. LP03 in the formulation of ground burned rice-husk powder reached 121% and 117% compared to controls. Further research needs to be done on a broader scale and different environmental conditions to see the stability of these biological agents' effects on the growth and yield of shallots.

Host Diversity of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin in Rice Field in Bolaang Mongondow Regency

Beauveria bassiana can attack a variety of hosts and their virulence can vary at each host and location. Exploration of the diversity of hosts B. bassiana from local isolates needs to be done as initial information that can explain the ability of B. bassiana in infecting insects. Sampling locations were selected in three district, each district selected three stations and each station consisted of 10 plots. The location of sampling is determined by the purposive random sampling method. Each station was made a plot measuring 1m x 1m and distributed randomly. Every insect infected with B. bassiana was taken and taken to a laboratory for identification. The results showed that there were five insects that hosted B. bassiana, namely Nilaparvata lugens, Scotinophara coarctata, Leptocorisa oratorius, Nezara viridula and Paraeucosmetus pallicornis. The highest host diversity index was found in North Dumoga with a value of 1.47. The highest abundance index was found in N. lugens host in East Dumoga with a value of 43%. The highest density was found in the host N. lugens in Central Dumoga with a value of 1.93 ind / m2. There were indications of differences in virulence of the B. bassiana local isolates that were influenced by the spesies of host and location Keywords: Beauveria bassiana, diversity, Bolaang Mogondow Regency, diversity and abundance indices

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FORM AND METHOD OF GIVING SOLID ORGANIC FERTILIZER TO THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SWEET CORN (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) IN INCEPTISOLS

This study aims to obtain a combination of organic fertilizers and the method of giving solid organic fertilizer to the growth and yield of sweet corn. The research was conducted from March to May 2019 in Karang Dapo Village, Bingin Kuning District, Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province. This study used a Complete Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with one factor and three replications, consisting of 11 combinations namely control, solid organic fertilizer (SOF) dose of 2,5 tons ha-1 by localized placement, 5 tons ha-1 by localized placement, Petroganic 500 kg ha-1 by localized placement, Petroganic 1000 kg ha-1 by localized placement, Petroganic 2000 kg ha-1 by localized placement, SOF 2,5 tons ha-1 by side dressing SOF 5 tons ha-1 by side dressing, Petroganic 500 kg ha-1 by side dressing, Petroganic by 1000 kg ha-1 by side dressing, Petroganic 2000 kg ha-1 by side dressing. There were 11 treatment combinations, each treatment was replicated 3 times, so that 33 experimental units were obtained. The results showed that the distribution of SOF 5 tons ha-1 by localized placement had an effect on stem diameter which gave of 3.25 cm, the number of leaves 13.1 strands, and percentage of cob worth selling 100%. Giving SOF 5 tons ha-1 by localized placement giving yields reached 34.4 tons ha-1. Giving organic fertilizer gives better results than without applying organic fertilizer to all observed variables.Keyword: Solid Organic Fertilizer, Petroganic, Sweet corn, localized placement, side dressing

Response of Shallots of Batu Ijo Variety on Doses of N And K Fertilizers

Shallots (Allium cepa var. Aggregatum L) have many varieties that can be grown in the highlands and lowlands and one of them is the Batu Ijo variety. Nutrients N and K play an important role for plant needs. This research was conducted from March to June 2019 in Medan Baru, Bengkulu City. This study used a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was the dose of N fertilizer and the second factor was the application of K fertilizer. The application of N fertilizer had a significant effect on the number of shallots at week 2. The Urea dose given decreases the number of spring onions. For the best treatment at plant height is the treatment of Urea 300 kg/ha and KCl 50 kg/ha. Plant growth from week 2 to 5 increased significantly. The application of K fertilizer has an effect on the number of shallots at week 2 and the number of tubers. The higher the plant age, the more the number of leaves produced, but at higher doses, the number of leaves and the number of tubers decreased. The best treatment for the number of leaves produced was Urea 300 kg/ha and without giving KCl. For the best treatment of fresh plant weight, namely Urea 300 kg/ha and KCl 150 kg/ha, the best treatment fresh tuber weight was Urea 300 kg/ha and KCl 150 kg/ha, for tuber diameter the best treatment was 200 kg/ha of urea and KCl 100 kg/ha and for the number of tubers of Urea 0 kg/ha and KCl 150 kg/ha.Keywords: shallots, N fertilizer, K fertilizer

Biological Control Stem Rot Diseases (Sclerotium Rolfsii) on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Indigenous

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are known to have potential as biological agents controlling plant pathogens. This study aims to obtain indigenous AMF isolates that can suppress the attack of Sclerotium rolfsii which causes stem rot disease in peanut. The method used is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments, namely A : AMF Glomus sp-3 + S. rolfsii; B: AMF Acaulospora sp + S. rolfsii; C: AMF Gigaspora sp + S. rolfsii; D: Combined AMF Glomus sp-3, Acaulospora sp, and Gigaspora sp + S. rolfsii; E: Without AMF + S. rolfsii (Control). Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using the Statistix 8 program and the Least Significance Different (LSD) test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the isolates of Acaulospora sp and Gigaspora sp were able to increase the resistance of peanut plants to stem rot disease (suppressing the incidence and severity of the disease) reaching 100%. Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, indigenous, salicylic acid, Sclerotium rolfsii.

Application of Organic Fertilizer in Sidenuk Varieties to Reduce Using Urea

Sidenuk rice is a superior rice variety produced by BATAN through a radiation mutation technique. The new varieties that have been produced need to be supported by efforts to optimize production through fertilization technology. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of organic fertilizer which can increase growth, production and reduce the use of urea fertilizer in lowland rice optimally. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design. Each was repeated 4 times so that the total experimental unit (pot) was 32 rice pots. The treatments include (1) Control (without urea fertilizer), (2) Control (+) 100% urea, (3) 50% urea, (4) Local microorganisms (MOL), (5) Compost, (6) Biochar , (7) Azolla, (8) Mol + Compost + Biochar + Azola + SP 36 and KCl. The results showed that the highest grain weight was found in the 100% urea treatment, which was 43.97 g plant-1. MKBA treatment (MOL fertilizer, compost, biochar, azolla) showed values that were not significantly different from 100% urea treatment. Organic fertilizer formula (MOL fertilizer, compost, biochar, azolla) can reduce the use of urea fertilizer by 50%.

Relationships Between Nutrient Of Land And Cow’s Blood Added With Bioactivators On Performance of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Soybean production in Bengkulu Province is still lower than national production. Soybean production can still be improved by adding nutrients, one source of untapped nutrients is cow's blood which is still a waste. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of cow’s blood added with bioactivators on growth performance of soybean. This research was conducted by using a complete randomized design (CRD) arranged factorially consisted of two factors with three replications. The first factor was the various kinds of cow’s blood added with bioactivators consisting of Yeast, Stale Rice, Microorganism-Bio(M-Bio), Effective Microorganism-4 (EM-4), and Rumen. The second factor was the concentration of cow’s blood added with bioactivators consisting of 15%, 30%, and 45%. Results showed: 1) There was no treatments interaction between various kinds of cow’s blood added with bioactivators and its concentration in the growth, 2) the various kinds of cow’s blood added with bioactivators had significant effect in the growth of plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, wet and dry weight, but it had no significant effect on plant height and leaf area, and 3) The concentration of cow’s blood added with bioactivators has no significant effect in the growth. This study indicated that cow’s blood added with Rumen as bioactivator showed better growth performance of soybean. Keywords: bioactivators, cow’s blood, nutrient of land, performance of soybean