Sustainable and low-cost automated greenhouse prototype with a social focus for integral formation

A low-cost automated greenhouse prototype was developed, which can be installed on rooftops, gardens, and even commercial greenhouses. This work was carried out through the use of an electronic control system, and a user interface, which allows it to be used by children, young people or adults of the Private Assistance Institution (IAP) "Manitas que hablan", contributing to the cultivation of flowers, herbs, fruits and vegetables. Surveys, experimental and observation was applied wish methodology of during the development of this project, to know the needs of the agricultural sector and to integrate the components of the systems for the automated greenhouse. The study demonstrates the feasibility of collaborative work in the development of a prototype that allows the germination of seeds and harvest of crops, and the importance of providing support to the social sector, promoting urban gardens for the integration of children and young people in this activity, achieving better health and food safety for the future.

Removal of hexavalent chromium from graphene oxide supported on a cellulose acetate and polyacrylic acid membrane

This work focused on the study of the hexavalent chromium removal process from graphene oxide supported on a cross-linked cellulose acetate and polyacrylic acid polymeric membrane. The membranes were synthesized by the phase inversion method and Graphene oxide was added in proportions of 1% by weight to the polymeric material. Graphene oxide was obtained from crystalline graphite (Electron Microscope Science, No. 70230). The graphite was oxidized using the improved method of Hummers. The characterization of polymer and graphene oxide was made by Raman spectroscopy. The surface charge and point of zero charge of the materials were evaluated using a potentiometric titration method proposed by Loskutov and Kuzin. The removal of Cr (VI) was studied as a function of contact time and of initial concentration of Cr (VI). The removal of Cr (VI) (~90%) mainly occurs in a contact time from 32 to 64 h when the initial concentration of Cr (VI) is 1 mg/L.

Application of sub-segmentation enhancement in pore detection in soil CT images

Computed Tomography imaging is a non-invasive alternative to observe soil structures, mainly the pore space. The porous space corresponds in the image of the soil to an empty or free space in the sense that there is no material present but only fluids and the transport of these depends on the porous spaces in the soil, for this reason it is important to identify the regions that correspond to the pore areas. Due to this, this article presents a methodology based on digital image processing techniques with the objective of segmenting porous spaces in soil images. The methodology consists mainly of two stages. The first is an image contrast enhancement through a nonlinear adaptive transformation function and the second is an image segmentation through a technique known as sub-segmentation enhancement which is based on the Fuzzy Possibilist C clustering algorithm. -Medias (Possibilistic Fuzzy C-Means, PFCM). The results obtained in the segmentation stage are compared with the technique known as sub-segmentation or conventional sub-segmentation, which is also based on the PFCM hybrid algorithm. In this article it is shown that both segmentation techniques are robust, but nevertheless the area of opportunity of the classic sub-segmentation and the improvement process that results in the new sub-segmentation or improvement of the sub-segmentation are also shown. segmentation.

Comparative analysis of methods to determine deflection in steel beams: theoretical analysis, finite element and experimental

This work makes a comparative study of two methods to determine deflection in steel beams: (a) Theoretical and (b) Finite element. For method (a) the solution of the differential equation associated with the modeling of the deflection of a beam is found, while for method (b) a simulation is made in Solidworks. Both methods are compared with experimental data in order to analyze which of the methods presents less uncertainty and show the usefulness of the theoretical part in the modeling of physical systems.

Prototype of natural user interface applied to a robotic arm for medical attention preventing nosocomial infections in healthcare personnel

In this work, an experimental prototype of natural user interface based on Kinect for the tele-operation of a robotic arm, was developed as a technological support to contribute in facing the global crisis of health generated by COVID-19, a dangerous and highly transmissible virus. Until now, it is causing thousands of deaths and growing of contagion rates around the world, involving a serious situation for healthcare personnel that works in hospitals attending infected population. This system was proposed with the aim to control a robotic arm for medical purposes to achieve a quality medical care to COVID-19 patients without risk implications for healthcare workers associated to nosocomial infections due to direct contact with infected patients, contaminated medical equipment, surgical objects and surfaces. The developed prototype is able of being manipulated in real time requiring neither physical controller nor any contact device to carry out its functions, but simply motion or gesture from the user’s arm. It can be applied in areas such as teleoperation, tele-rehabilitation, telehealth nursing, assistive and therapeutic robotic devices, elderly care which are the last tendency in medicine at this time. Kinect V2, the Software Development kit SDK 2.0, Microsoft visual C# and Arduino were used for this purpose.

Mobile app with reading speech-translated OCR images for visually impaired people

This research allows to have an overview of the different technologies that can be used to benefit people with visual disabilities. In the association "Sentir con los ojos del corazón" located in Tehuacán, Puebla, México, people with visual disabilities are served who do not have the technological tools available to understand their environment, such as restaurant menus, signs on doors, reading a book and any setting that contains a text, making life difficult in a world where most texts are oriented towards visual people. There are few applications for people with visual disabilities that allow them to improve their lives in the different areas in which they operate. Therefore, it is proposed to design a mobile application that interacts with a virtual assistant to translate the images into text to speech through optical character recognition (OCR), allowing them to function in different educational, work, social environments, among others. This project allows the Inclusion of people with visual disabilities to improve the quality of life using applications for mobile devices and to be self-sufficient in their daily life, later managing to translate in different languages, with different intensities and tone of voice, using different platforms.

Study of the anticorrosive properties of magnetic composites

Metal corrosion affects various sectors: construction, ships, pipes in the chemical industry, etc. Organic materials have been used as coatings to counteract it; recently improvements have been observed when magnetic polymers are used. These are materials formed by a polymeric matrix and a metal with magnetic properties, such as magnetic nanoparticles. The metal is sacrificed, preventing contact with the surface. Here we show the results of composites formed by magnetic nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite and magnetite obtained by coprecipitation, immersed in polystyrene, butyl polyacrylate and styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer matrices. The nanoparticles were incorporated by ultrasonic bath using different weights of nanoparticles (0.05%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%) using toluene as solvent. There is an acceptable dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polyacrylate and copolymer after 4 hours of cavitation, the styrene had acceptable dispersion after 5 hours. The composites were tested on a 316 Cal. 14 stainless steel film of 6 cm2 area, the specimens were dipped in acid to evaluate the corrosion protection with electrochemical techniques, having good results in the ferrite and magnetite composites where the protection capacity was better in the styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer.

Injection parameters study for a polypropylene probe used on tension test

Simulation of the melten allows us to predict the behavior of the plastic material inside the mold, clarifying that at present polymers are one of the most used materials due to the versatility of its properties. Through the simulation using the Solidworks Plastic® platform, it is proved that injection time is defined by the thickness of the part and the injection point diameter. Besides, every simulation gives a relation between pressure, cooling, and cycle time, by making changes in mold and PP temperature is possible to get a starting point to set up the conditions of real process. Simulation also involves the selection of the element type and some other parameters related to the Finite Element Method. The relevance of the study focuses on giving a starting point for processing PP using the theory and the simulation due to most of the time injection conditions are selected by previous experience of the operator. Accordingly, this work focuses on the study for the required injection pressure, cooling, and injection cycle time to process a polypropylene (PP) tensile test specimen based on the Standard ISO D638D-14, these variables are tested changing the mold and PP temperature trying to predict the best injection parameters.

Incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles in polymeric matrices as UV protector

At present there is great interest in the development of new nanomaterials that can be applied in different areas of study such as chemistry, physics, medicine, among others. In many polymeric materials, especially when used in coatings exposed to sunlight, they cause photolysis and photooxidation reactions, leading to the degradation of their physical-mechanical, optical and other properties. Therefore, the need to look for new materials capable of resisting radiation for prolonged periods, while retaining its original characteristics, such as hue and brightness, is imperative. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have attracted great interest in this aspect as they are used in most commercial sunscreens that use inorganic pigments, for their ability to adsorb ultraviolet rays. In the present work, the incorporation of the Np-ZnO in situ during the polymerization by the emulsion process of butyl acrylate was carried out. ZnO nanoparticles are incorporated into butyl polyacrylate in different concentrations of 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1% W, in which it is observed that at 1% there is greater agglomeration and in the others it does not affect the morphology of our polymer.

Intelligent mobility: a review of the cybersecurity of IoT in smart cities

Objectives - This research aims to explore the various challenges of cybersecurity in the Internet of Things in a Smart Mobility framework within Smart Cities by reviewing the academic literature. Methodology - Through the review and analysis of the academic literature available in different databases to generate an empirical study, the prospective knowledge on strategy and technology that concatenates the concepts of the Internet of Things, Smart Mobility, and Smart Cities is derived. Contribution - Cybersecurity schemes in today's Internet of Things still present significant challenges arising from the lack of clarity in policies and strategies regarding the reliability of data collection by the various services present in the Smart Mobility framework.