Knowledge and practice of nursing mother`s regarding complementary feeding

Complementary feeding is the systemic process of introduction of semisolid or solid food in infant at the right time in addition to mother’s milk in order to provide needed nutrition to the baby. A cross sectional study was conducted from January to December, 2020 to assess the level of knowledge and practice of nursing mothers regarding complementary feeding. Total 177 nursing mother were selected purposively and interviewed with a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Face to face interview was conducted to collect data. P-value less than 0.05 were set as statistically significant. The knowledge and practice score were categorized into good (≥70%), satisfactory (50 to 70%), and poor (≤50%). Out of 177 respondents, majority 109(61.6%) had satisfactory knowledge regarding complementary feeding, 33(18.6%) had good knowledge and rest of them 35(19.8%) had poor knowledge regarding complementary feeding among the nursing mother. On the other hand 62.7% respondents had poor Practices, 24.9% had satisfactory practices and 12.4% had good practices regarding complementary feeding among the nursing mothers. There was highly significant association between knowledge and practice of complementary feeding (p <.000). Nursing mother’s knowledge regarding complementary feeding time was inadequate and practices were inappropriate. . It is the responsibility of health professionals to pass on the current information about proper infant feeding to mothers/care takers for promoting the healthy complementary feeding of the breastfeed child.

Drug information of Aducanumab and its effectiveness for Alzheimer’s disease: A clinical review

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the main cause of disability in people older than 60 years. More than 1 million cases per year reported in India. AD and other kinds of dementia are more common as individuals become older, affecting 1 in every 14 people over the age of 65 and 1 in every 6 people over the age of 80. ADUHELM (Aducanumab) is a monoclonal antibody, new class of medication needed for treatment of AD. The latest drug used to treat underlying cause of AD and recent studies shown to be efficacious and safe for the AD. Our review emphasizes on the drug information of Aducanumab and its clinical importance in AD.

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection in Federal Teaching Hospital Ido Ekiti

The problem of antibiotic resistance remains a major concern among the patients and health care provider. This study was carried out therefore to determine the antibiotics resistance susceptibility pattern bacteria with urinary tract infections among patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti. A total of 200 patients suspected of having a UTI were recruited for the study. The urine samples were cultured on Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient Agar (CLED) and the colonies were identified using colonial morphology and biochemical test. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was carried out using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion techniques. Out of 200 urine samples analysed 82 (41.0%) yielded significant bacteria growth belonging to 4 different genera with Escherichia coli having the highest isolation rate 42 (81.2%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 16 (19.5%), Staphylococcus aureus 14 (17.0%) and Klebsiella aerogenes 10 (12.1%). Female patients had the highest isolation rate of 48 (58.5%) compare to their male counterpart with 34 (41.5%) isolation rate. Age group 31-40yrs had the highest isolation, rate of 20 (24.4%). The antibiotic resistance pattern exhibited by all the bacteria ranged from 14.3% to 90.5%. Gentamicin exhibited the least resistance rate. However, antibiotics resistance is frightening; therefore, there is a need for antibiogram before prescription of antibiotics for the treatment of urinary tract infection.

Proximate and mineral composition of some commonly consumed traditional foods/dishes in Nasarawa state, Nigeria

Traditional foods are recognizable specific cuisine or food peculiar to a particular ethnic group, locality or society. Traditional foods are not only consume for their nutritional values but also for their medicinal and socio-cultural significance. However, information on the nutrient compositions of some of these indigenous dishes are not yet documented. This study is aimed at evaluating the proximate and mineral composition of commonly consumed traditional foods in Nasarawa state Nigeria. A cross sectional survey was adopted and recipes were collected across the ethnic groups for the commonly consumed traditional foods in Nasarawa state. The recipes of ten (10) commonly consumed traditional dishes were standardized in the laboratory, prepared and evaluated for proximate and mineral composition using standard procedures of analyses. The result shows that Moisture content of the foods ranged from 13.39 to 5.78g /100g, Crude fibre content was from 19.45 to 2.93g /100g, Crude protein ranged from 24.22 - 5.43g /100g, Crude fat 30.32 - 0.92g /100g and Ash 9.84 - 3.82g/100g, Carbohydrate content ranged from 57.31 - 27.17g /100g and the energy value content ranged from 458.63 - 326.68g /100g. The results of mineral composition further reveal that sodium ranged between 126.00 and 32.00ppm /100g, potassium between 22.36 and 6.72ppm /100g, calcium between 2.08 and 0.64ppm/100g, phosphorus between 2.17 and 0.80ppm /100g, Magnesium 7.25 and 2.74ppm /100g), while the values for iron, zinc and copper ranged from 4.74 to 2.32ppm /100g, 1.55 to 0.09ppm/ 100g and 20.49 to 0.17ppm /100g respectively. Conclusively, the consumption of these foods will help reduce the high level of non-communicable chronic diseases as they are gotten from natural sources.

Elucidating the clinical-pathological factors and prognosis in breast cancer young surviving women who had a subsequent pregnant

Objective. To elucidate the impact of clinical-pathological factors on overall survival (OS) in patients who got pregnant after breast cancer treatment. Methods. Retrospective cohort of women age younger than 40 years with breast cancer history without active disease at diagnosis of postcancer pregnancy. Clinical-pathological factors were analized by age group and recent birth. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated from Kaplan-Meier method. The association between clinical-pathological factors and OS was examined using Cox proportional hazards method to estimate hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 14 patients were selected. Median age was 28.5 years (interquartile range, 26-35). Locally advanced stage (IIB-IIIB) was diagnosed in 64.3%. Patients lower than 35 years experienced more positive clinical lymph nodes (72.7%), grade 2 (63.6%) and ER/PgR-negative tumors (54.5% and 72.7%, respectively). The patients with ER-positive tumors showed an improvement non-significant at 5-year OS (87%; p = 0.097). In the bivariate analysis, patients with a higher number of pathological lymph nodes (pNs) had a 12% increase in the risk of death than those with lower number (HR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.2). The multivariate model (after adjustment for number of pNs, age and tumor size) ascertained that the nodal status was the only independent predictor associated to a worse OS (HR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.3). Conclusion. Pregnancy after cancer did not have a detrimental effect on survival. The patients < 35 years old group showed more unfavorable tumor features at diagnosis, which can largely explain a poorer prognosis. Nodal status was the most important prognostic factor that predicted the poor prognosis.

Histological and proximate analysis of ash produced from sesame, palm fruit and Parkia on albino rats

The customary puerperal usage of Natron consumption has been identified as one of the risk factors in the cause of high blood pressure in human as well as kidney diseases and abortion in early pregnancies in female. This study was done to determine the effect of Natron and other Natron alternatives on the histology of kidney and liver in male Wistar Albino rats Twenty-five Wistar albino rats of the same sexes (male) weighing 100- 140 kg body weights were used and were divided into five groups. Group 1, 2, 3 and 4 were fed with feed mixed with natron powder, feed mixed with wood ash, feed mixed with sesame ash, feed mixed with palm fruit bunch ash respectively, while group 6 served as a normal control (fed with plain feed). The animals were kept in plastic cages, allowed to acclimatize for two weeks before the commencement of the experiment. They were fed with pelletized growers’ feed (Vital feed) and were allowed access to water. The rats were fed with 25kg of feeds for 12 days to allow them stabilized and recover from stress. Then the rats were fed with the pelletized feed for four weeks to all the groups. The animals were anaesthetized with chloroform vapour after 4 weeks and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture into labeled tubes for electrolyte analyses. The labeled centrifuge tubes were allowed to stand for 30 minutes to clot and centrifuged at 4000 g for 10mm and the serum obtained was pipette into labeled tubes. The organs were subjected to histology. The liver tissues were embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned at 5μm and stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Proximate analysis showed that natron, palm bunch ash, sesame stem ash, and parkia wood ash had crude protein values of 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, and 0.09% respectively. Fat and fiber were not present in both Natron and its alternatives. The appreciable amount of ash content in the food additives indicated good mineral preservation capacity. Parkia wood ash may contain toxic chemical substances that may affect the kidney and liver.

Health impact linked to the use of water of questionable microbiological quality in the town of Nkolafamba (Center, Cameroon)

A study was carried out in order to assess the health impact linked to the untreated use of water from the watercourse in the town of Nkolamfamba by the neighboring populations. The surveys were conducted on the entire population taking into account the status of the respondent, his responsibility in the family, his level of education. In a questionnaire, after identifying the respondents, the points considered were knowledge of the management of solid and liquid household waste, the supply of drinking water, the health and environmental impact linked to the use of untreated water. The results of the surveys were codified and processed by statistical analyzes using SPSS version 16 software. 0 in order to establish the links between the health risks recorded and the microbiological quality of the water used. It shows positive and very significant correlations (P <0.01) between the type of activity carried out and the treatment of water before consumption, between the source of supply and the treatment with bleach, between monthly income and water supply, between the interviewee's neighborhood and the water treatment before consumption. Positive and significant correlations (P <0.05) were observed between the source of water supply and water-borne diseases, the source of water supply and knowledge of water quality, water-borne diseases and water treatment before consumption. However, a significant but negative correlation was observed between monthly income and bleach treatment. The populations of the locality of Nkolafamba should be sensitized on water treatment techniques.

Prevalence of Brucellosis in Cattle under Different Management Systems in Mbale District, Eastern Region of Uganda

The research study was conducted on prevalence of Brucellosis in cattle under different management systems in Mbale District, Eastern Region of Uganda. The research design adopted was a purposive sampling. 48 respondents from different farms were selected using a random sampling to allow equal representation of the farms. The data were collected using both blood samples and questionnaires. A total of 78 serum samples collected from different cattle were serologically assessed using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT). The high sero-prevalence of 37.5% was recorded in female cows followed by male bulls (20.0%) and female calves (20.0%). Bull calves and heifers showed negative result with RBPT and SAT (0.0%). A total of 24(30.7%) and 22(28.2%) were recorded for RBPT and SAT respectively. However, although there was higher prevalence of Brucellosis in communal grazing than the rest of other grazing systems, there was no statistical significant difference between Brucellosis and grazing systems (p>0.05). Similarly, considering the type of breeding methods of fertilization, there was a statistically significant relationship between the type of breeding (artificial and natural insemination) methods and management system practiced (p<0.05). The study concluded that contamination of common grazing environment was due to aborted foetuses which is accompanied by shedding of large number of Brucella species and that there was lack of knowledge on the causative agents, as well as mode of transmission. The researchers recommend that cattle grazing systems that limit mixing of herds should be encouraged to reduce the contamination of common grazing environment.

Effects of alpha, beta momorcharin fruit extract with the combination of Cyclophosphamide in the treatment of glioma cancer In-vivo

The vegetable Momordica charantia L., (family: Cucurbitaceae) is a scientific name of the plant and its fruit. It is also known by other names, for instance in the USA it is known as Bitter gourd or balsam pear while it’s referred to as the African cucumber in many African countries. M. charantia is believed to posse’s anti-carcinogenic properties and it can modulate its effect via xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress. This study was specifically designed to investigate the cellular mechanisms whereby α, β momorcharin an extract of M. charantia can induce cell death with the combination of Cyclophosphamide. Different concentration (200µM - 1000µM) of the α, β momorcharin fruit extract were treated (24 hrs incubation) separately with three different cancer cell lines 1321N1, Gos-3, U87-MG and normal L6 muscle cell line. The results also show that Cyclophosphamide (250 µg) with (1000 µM) of the α, β momorcharin extract of M. charantia, and result in significant decreases in cell viability for each cell line, these effects were additive compared to the individual effect of Cyclophosphamide.

COVID-19 mortality rates for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities

People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) appear to have an increased probability of death from COVID-19 once infected. We report infection and mortality rates for people with IDD compared to the general population of eight states at two time points during the COVID-19 pandemic. Note that these eight states contain approximately 1/3 of the population of the United States. These data suggest individuals with IDD are less likely to be infected with the COVID-19 virus (5.62%) than the general public (7.57%). However, while mortality rates for both groups have declined over time, people with IDD are over twice as likely (2.29) to die from the infection as members of the general public.