Optimalisasi Adsorpsi Kitosan Dari Kitin Cangkang Keong Sawah (Pilla Ampullacea) Terhadap Logam Kadmium (Cd)

This research aims to make the chitosan from the chitin of the Snail shell (Pilla ampulacea) which can be used as a cadmium metal adsorbent (Cd). It is derived from the isolation of the snail shells through 2 phases, which are deproteination to remove protein and demineralization to remove mineral salts. The formed Kitin is transformed into Chitosan by deacetylated using NaOH 60%. Kitin and Chitosan were acquired, identified by FTIR. The results showed that the chitin yield was 26.81% of the shell weight of 400 grams and the rendemen Chitosan was 31.78% of the weight of chitin. The results of the identification indicate the absorption area of chitin and chitosan function groups, similar to the standard chitin and chitosan uptake areas. Metal adsorption Cd uses adsorbent chitosan from the shell snail (pilla ampulacea) Most optimal occurs at a contact time of 15 minutes and on the weight of adsorbent 0.25 grams, the most optimal absorption occurs at a comparison of 1:30 weight chitosan/volume solution Cd.

Ketahanan Hidup Bibit Ikan Mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus) Dan Nilai Parameter Kimiawi Lingkungan Pada Media Pemeliharaan Bioflok Dengan Debris Daluga Sebagai Sumber Karbon

Bioflok adalah teknik budidaya ikan untuk mengelola lingkungan budidaya dengan memanfaatkan mikroorganisme untuk meningkatkan penggunaan pakan dan sisa hasil metabolisme dengan penambahan sumber karbon organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketahanan hidup bibit ikan mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus) dan nilai parameter kimiawi lingkungan pada media pemeliharaan bioflok dengan debris daluga (Crytosperma merkusii) sebagai sumber karbon. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dilakukan adalah tanpa bioflok, C:N=15, C:N=20, dan C:N=25. Hewan uji ikan mujair dengan panjang rata-rata 5,5 cm di tebar 10 ekor setiap ember. Parameter yang diamati adalah kualitas air yang meliputi suhu, pH, konduktivitas, dan redoks dan Survival Rate (SR) ikan mujair. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa perlakuan terbaik pada C:N=25 dengan persentase SR tertinggi yaitu, 86,67%. Kualitas air selama penelitian ada pada kondisi optimal di setiap perlakuan.

Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Batang Daun dan Bunga Jumpai (Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC.)

Jumpai (Glinus Oppoitifolius (L.) Aug. DC) contains flavonoids compounds that can act as antioxidants by donating hydrogen so as to stabilize the lack of electrons in free radicals. This study aims to determine the antioxidant potential of stem, leaf, and flower extracts by looking at the IC50 value. The stems, leaves, and flowers were extracted by maceration using 70% l ethanol solvent. The results of the antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil) showed very strong antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 9.523 µg / ml stem, 32.89 µg / ml leaves, and 23.07 µg / ml flowers with vitamin comparisons. C obtained IC50 value of 1,698 µg / ml. Based on these results, it can be rejected that the stems, leaves, and flowers have antioxidant activity with a very strong category against DPPH free radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil).

Identifikasi Mineral Pasir Tiga Warna Pantai Puntaru Kabupaten Alor-NTT

Puntaru beach is famous for its three-colored sand that is mixed into one of them reddish-brown, black, and white sand. Research on the mineral composition of the tricolor sand has been conducted so that the use of three-colored sand is still done traditionally. This study aims to obtain information on the silica content and other mineral compositions of the three-colored sand of Puntaru Beach as initial data for further development. The three-color sand preparation process is carried out by the method of milling / crushing sand samples then sieving and washing with H2O. Stages of characterization of silica in three-colored sand were carried out using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The analysis showed that the percentage of Si was the most dominant 45.28%, followed by Fe 25.94% and other minor elements. XRD results show that the three-colored sand contains quartz mineral (SiO2) identified at the main peak with 2 with in the 24.34 ° area. The black color of the sand is influenced by Fe content of 25.94% with hematite metal oxide (Fe2O3) 15.80% and reddish-brown influenced by the presence of sulfur (3.25%) in the form of mineral SO3 4.32%.

Review: Modification of Nanocellulose as Conjugate of Infection-Causing Antibacterial Hydrogel

Infection is the process of entering and reproducing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that cause tissue injury. Some of the common types of bacteria that play a role in wound infection are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus epidermis. The antibacterial able to inhibit bacterial growth by inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis, increasing the permeability of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, and interfering with the normal bacterial protein synthesis. The aim of this review article is to conduct a study of nanocellulose as an antibacterial hydrogel conjugate. The method used is to summarize information from various recent journals related to nanocellulose, nanocellulose modification, nanocellulose-based hydrogels, and their application as antibacterial. Some journals from primary sources such as the PMC system (PubMed Central), National Library of Medicine (NIH), Science Direct, Elsevier, Nature, ACS Chemical Society, and several other sources. Nanocellulose consists of β-1, 4-glucose, and there are three hydroxyls active at the C2, C3, and C6 positions of the pyranose attachment. Nanocellulose can respond by the reaction of oxidation, esterification, or etherification, by adding a new functional group. Nanocellulose can become nanocellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (NFC), and nanocellulose bacteria (BNC). Nanocellulose formulated in the form of hydrogels and combined with antibiotics will increase the effectiveness in reducing the risk of infection that is resistant to antibiotics.

Studi Literatur Pengaruh Pirolisis, Jenis Adsorban serta Aktivator dalam Karakterisasi Asap Cair

Liquid smoke is a preservative solution that can be used safely. This grade 1 product can be also used as food preservative. The aim of this article is to discuss and examine the previous experiment’s results by literature review. The outcome of this article is expected to be regenerated by other research using the existing variable which is discussed on this article or using new variable. Based on the result. There are some variables that effect the final quality of liquid smoke. Some of them are pyrolisys temperature, pyrolisys time, adsorbant type and activator type. Pyrolisys temperature used was arround 250 °C – 300 °C with resulted pH 1.41 to 2.25. While for pyrolisys temperature was arround 4 – 5 hours with phenol content arround 3.04% to 4.08%. The type of adsorbant used was zeoilte and quartz sand, which the acid total having both increment and decrement phenomenon. Activator type used were salt activator such as NaCl , NaHCO, CaCl2, Na2SO4 and base activator (NaOH) which producing the most percent acid total.

Pengaruh Jenis Larutan Pemasak Terhadap Kualitas Pulp Daun Pisang

The need for paper continues to increase, indicating that there is an alternative wood material that can be used as a base for making pulp. Materials that can be used are dried banana leaves which contain cellulose. The quality of the pulp can be obtained by the characteristics of the pulp produced. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the type of solvents on the pulp quality of banana leaves. The pulp has been made using delignification process with addition of 3% NaOH or 3% Na2CO3 3% and heating up to 120 minutes, at 105 °C. Pulp quality was obtained from the results of pulp analysis, cellulose content, water content, physical appearances and qualitative analysis by FTIR. From the analysis of cellulose content, water content and FTIR instruments, pulp made with 3% NaOH solution are better suited to 3% Na2CO3 where the resulting pulp has a water content of 4.96%, a smooth and fibrous texture, a rich color, and produces a cellulose hydroxyl absorption band that is stronger than the pulp made of 3% Na2CO3. However, the pulp made from 3% NaOH solution has a lower yield (56.5%) and cellulose content (26.07%) than Na2CO3 3%. Dried banana leaves can be used as an alternative in pulp making. Keywords: pulp making; banana leaves; solvents

Treatment of Dye Wastewater from Batik Industry by Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Adsorption

Batik is a characteristic Indonesian textile product. The color of batik is one component that affects the quality of batik. Various types of batik dyes, one of which is remazol dyes. Remazol dyes are synthetic dyes that have strong chemical bonds. This is what underlies the process of production of the household batik industry in the village of Purwosekar, District of Tajinan, Malang Regency, with remazol coloring will produce liquid waste that is difficult to be deciphered naturally. This study aims to provide a water treatment solution using the coconut shell activated carbon adsorption method with chemical activation and the ability to adsorb remazol dyes. Adsorption experiments were carried out in batches with a mesh size of 8 with coconut shell carbon activated with 1 M HCl solution for 24 hours. The absorption of remazol dyes by coconut shell activated charcoal is carried out with a stirring speed variation for 60 minutes and the mass of activated charcoal to find the optimum adsorption conditions. Stirring speed variations are 30 rpm, 60 rpm, and 90 rpm, resulting in the highest efficiency at a speed of 90 rpm. While the variations in mass are 200 grams and 300 grams, the highest efficiency is obtained with a mass of 300 grams. Thus, the efficiency of the coconut shell activated carbon is proportional to the stirring speed and mass of the coconut shell activated carbon used

Phytochemical and Antioxidant Test of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) Leaves Ethanol Extract

Binahong Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis leaves contain chemical compounds that can be used as antioxidants. This study aims to examine the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of binahong leaves. Binahong leaves were extracted using the maceration method with an ethanol solvent. The phytochemical test showed that the ethanol extract of binahong leaves contained phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins to have potential antioxidants. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH method and absorbance measurement with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 517 nm. The results showed that the ethanol extract of binahong leaves had strong antioxidant activity, as evidenced by the IC50 value of 87.423 µg/mL.

Kajian Regiokimia Markovnikov Melalui Mekanisme Reaksi Hidrasi Alkuna Terminal pada Etinilestradiol dengan Katalis FeCl3

The terminal alkynes hydration reaction on 17α-ethynylestradiol (1) with FeCl3 catalyst mediated by dichloromethane aims to determine the reaction products produced and to conduct a Markovnikov regiochemistry study through the proposed reaction mechanism. The reaction conditions were carried out at a temperature of 50oC (48 hours) and 60oC (19 hours), the separation of the reaction properties was carried out using Gravity Column Chromatography, and the reaction products were identification using by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR). Here we describe the process of the FeCl3 catalyst forming a coordination complex with the terminal alkyne, which is then addition by nucleophilic water following Markovnikov's regiochemistry to finally produce the product of a methyl ketone, 17α-acetylestradiol (6). The catalyst used is a cationic ligand coordinate, where Fe3+ is a Lewis acid and Cl3- acts as a ligand. The dichloromethane solvent used can also increase the reaction rate.