scholarly journals THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND THE CURRENT RUSSIAN LEGISLATION REGARDING SUPERVISION OF MARGINAL CREDITING

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-351
Author(s):  
E. S. Emelyanova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Short Sales ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Threshold Size ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Disclosure Of Information ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
To Come ◽  
Supervisory Experience

The article analyzes the international Supervisory experience of the European Union in terms of monitoring the implementation of short sales. The analysis was carried out in order to determine further key directions of development of the Russian market of margin lending. In addition, the article also considers the current Russian legislation in terms of supervision of unsecured transactions, regulated by the Decree of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, which entered into force on July 1, 2019. The obtained results of the analysis allowed to make a comparative characteristic of the regulation of short sales in the European and Russian jurisdictions, as well as to make a forecast regarding the hypothetical transformations of the current Russian legislation.The analysis of the European experience in part of control of implementation of the short sales established by SSR to disclosure of information on short positions, to restrictions on short sales, to powers and ESMA obligations, etc., allows to come to conclusion that regulation in the Russian jurisdiction can be expanded not only due to complication of a procedure for granting of a marginal loan by inclusion in a portfolio of the client of difficult nonlinear tools, but also due to establishment of requirements for disclosure of information on the high-concentrated short positions and establishment of thus constantly reconsidered threshold size. In article the assumption that the designated directions of development of regulation of short sales regarding expansion of powers of the regulator also will increase transparency of intermediary activity and the financial market is made, having provided thus reliable protection of interests of clients of financial intermediaries.

scholarly journals Common Transport Policy of the European Union: a Road Map for the Eurasian Economic Union

2015 ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Y. V. Pak ◽  
T. N. Polyanova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
To Come ◽  
Integration Project

The paper delivers a thorough organizational, economic and institutional analysis of the evolution of common transport policy (CTP) of the European Union (EU). Advanced European experience and practices on the issue are set as an unambiguous territorial and functional benchmark for the breakthrough integration project in the post-soviet space - the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). When working out its own CTP the EEU faces similar challenges to that of the EU though Eurasian integration offers a unique opportunity to evade European mistakes on its way to creating a modern regional transport and logistics infrastructure at lower costs. The research identifies these failing points in the framework of the European CTP as following: (1) strong reluctance of the member states to surpass economic and political control over the transport industry on to the supranational level, (2) turning of special agencies responsible for the implementation of CTP into an independent actors with political ambitions and (3) inadequate involvement of public-private partnership mechanisms into the regional infrastructure projects. The authors claim a high potential of transport and logistics cooperation within the EEU stressing a pure economic rationale for the introduction of common norms and principles into the industry. Overall, they underline harsh negotiation process and consequently expect tangible results to come solely in the long-term perspective.

scholarly journals The Entry Lag of Innovative Drugs in Russia, 2010–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5052
Author(s):  
Alexander Chaplenko ◽  
Geliya Gildeeva ◽  
Vasiliy Vlassov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Drug Registration ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Innovative Drugs

Objective: Evaluation of the lag timelines for the launch of innovative drugs to the Russian market and pharmacoeconomic factors they can depend on. Methods: To complete the investigation, we used information about drug products, namely, dates of submission and approval, and pharmacological groups recovered from national registers and official databases. Results: Due to impacts of market factors and imperfection of the state regulation, original drugs developed abroad enter the Russian market a few years after their registration in the United States of America, the European Union, and Japan. The average time from the moment of initial approval of a drug in the aforementioned countries and jurisdictions to the moment of registration in Russia is 4 years and 8 months, with a median value of 2.5 years. It has been shown that half of this term is spent on the performance of the procedures of the expertise of the drug registration dossier in the Russian Federation. Conclusion: To attain the goal of adequate supplies to the population of the Russian Federation of the most up-to-date, high quality, safe, and efficacious medications, apart from the support of national originators of innovative drugs, we are required to upgrade the existing system of original drug registration. Improvement should be primary focused on the drugs already approved by the leading national regulatory authorities in order to ensure innovative medicine access for Russian patients.

scholarly journals Introduction of medical products into healthcare practice and costs reimbursement: European experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
V. V. Omelyanovsky ◽  
S. S. Otstavnov ◽  
N. Z. Musina ◽  
V. S. Dombrovskii
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Healthcare Practice ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

in the present article, we review the ways of introducing medical products into healthcare practice in countries of the european Union and compare them with the Russian experience. in this analysis, we underscore the existing differences but also identify the common aspects, for example, the mandatory stage of integrated assessment; all those are described in detail in the review. The eU experience should be considered when introducing medical products into the healthcare practice in the Russian Federation. The comprehensive assessment of new technologies will provide for the transparency of the proposed system.

ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Наталья Мухаметгареева
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Nation States ◽  
European Experience ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article is dedicated to the questions of the development of the environmental law in the Russian Federation and in the European Union this process began virtually simultaneously for each entity. Comparative analysis of the environmental legislation’s development level of two entities that considerably differs from each other is made. Comparative law research allows coming to the conclusion that the European experience of ecological legisla- tion and environmental legal regulation should help to improve the Russian legislation in this sphere. However the author indicates that historically environmental law developed and keeps developing within the nation states.

scholarly journals The role of leasing companies in the economy of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
V. A. Dyakonova ◽  
N. B. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
New Production ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Production Capacities

Increased production and investment in order to meet growing demand are necessary for the sustainable development of the economy. Leasing, as a tool, can significantly help in the implementation of these tasks. It is a signifi factor in economic growth, contributing to an increase in the production volume of goods and services through the creation of new production capacities and the attraction of investment resources. A comparative characteristic of leasing in Russia and other countries of the world has been introduced in the article, the current situation on the Russian market and its expected development in the future is described, the diff rences between leasing and rental relationship have been revealed.

European experience in transition to circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
European Experience ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Eu

Subject. The article considers the concept of circular economy, which has originated relatively recently in the academic literature, and is now increasingly recognized in many countries at the national level. In the European Union, the transition to circular economy is viewed as an opportunity to improve competitiveness of the European Union, protect businesses from resource shortages and fluctuating prices for raw materials and supplies, and a way to increase employment and innovation. Objectives. The aim of the study is to analyze the incentives developed by the European Commission for moving to circular economy, and to assess their effectiveness on the basis of statistical analysis. Methods. I employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The analysis of the EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy enabled to conclude that the results of the recent research in circular economy barriers, eco-innovation, technology and infrastructure were successfully integrated into the framework of this document. Understanding the root causes holding back the circular economy development and the balanced combination of economic and administrative incentives strengthened the Action Plan, and it contributed to the circular economy development in the EU. Conclusions. The measures to stimulate the development of the circular economy proposed in the European Action Plan can be viewed as a prototype for designing similar strategies in other countries, including Russia. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of barriers to the circular economy at the level of individual countries and regions is needed.

ON THE NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYGIENIC STANDARDS (MACs) IN THE WATER AND AIR OF THE WORKING AREA FOR PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Kh. Kh. Khamidulina ◽  
E. V. Tarasova ◽  
A. S. Proskurina ◽  
A. R. Egiazaryan ◽  
I. V. Zamkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Perfluorooctanoic Acid ◽  
Stockholm Convention ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
The Russian Federation

Currently, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has no hygienic standards in the air of the working area and objects of the human environment in the Russian Federation. By the decision of the Stockholm Convention SC-9/12, PFOA, its salts and derivatives are included in Part I of Annex A of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2019 (with exceptions for possible use). The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade included PFOA, its salts and derivatives in the list of potential candidates for inclusion in Annex III of the Rotterdam Convention at the next meeting COP10 in 2021. The use of this chemical on the territory of the Russian Federation entails water and air pollution. Industrial emissions and waste water from fluoropolymer production, thermal use of materials and products containing polytetrafluoroethylene, biological and atmospheric degradation of fluorotelomer alcohols, waste water from treatment facilities are the sources of the release of PFOA into the environment. Analysis of international databases has showed that PFOA is standardized in the air of the working area in Germany, Japan, and Switzerland. In the countries of the European Union, as well as the USA and Canada, the issue of PFOA standardizing in drinking water is being now actively under discuss. Taking into account the high toxicity and hazard of the substance and the serious concern of the civil society of the Russian Federation, the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing requested the Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances to develop MACs for perfluorooctanoic acid in the air of the working area and water as soon as possible. The MACs for PFOA have been proposed using risk analysis: 0,005 mg/m3, aerosol, hazard class 1 – in the air of the working area and 0,0002 mg/L, the limiting hazard indicator – sanitary-toxicological, hazard class 1 – in the water.

Anti-System Politics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hopkin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Term Result ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Dramatic Shift ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

Recent elections in the advanced Western democracies have undermined the basic foundations of political systems that had previously beaten back all challenges—from both the Left and the Right. The election of Donald Trump to the US presidency, only months after the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union, signaled a dramatic shift in the politics of the rich democracies. This book traces the evolution of this shift and argues that it is a long-term result of abandoning the postwar model of egalitarian capitalism in the 1970s. That shift entailed weakening the democratic process in favor of an opaque, technocratic form of governance that allows voters little opportunity to influence policy. With the financial crisis of the late 2000s, these arrangements became unsustainable, as incumbent politicians were unable to provide solutions to economic hardship. Electorates demanded change, and it had to come from outside the system. Using a comparative approach, the text explains why different kinds of anti-system politics emerge in different countries and how political and economic factors impact the degree of electoral instability that emerges. Finally, it discusses the implications of these changes, arguing that the only way for mainstream political forces to survive is for them to embrace a more activist role for government in protecting societies from economic turbulence.

TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF POLAND'S ENERGY POLICY IN THE FUEL AND ENERGY SECTOR OF THE EU COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Mihail V. Rybin ◽  
◽  
Alexander A. Stepanov ◽  
Nadezhda V. Morozova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Programs ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Fuel And Energy Sector

The article reveals and analyzes conceptual approaches to the formation of strategic directions of energy policy of the European Union and Poland in the first decades of the XXI century. A critical assess-ment is given from the point of view of international cooperation in the field of energy between the Russian Federation, Poland and the EU as a whole and, in particular, European, national and regional programs for the transformation of the fuel and energy sector in the conditions of decarbonization and transition to green energy.

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