Neotypification of the Interspecific Hybrid Pterocarya ×rehderiana (Juglandaceae) Originating at the Arnold Arboretum

The interspecific hybrid Pterocarya × rehderiana C. K. Schneid. was first described in 1903 but there is no record of typification. A neotype is designated here from among the earliest collections of the nothospecies stored at the Herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum (A).

Collect, Save, Adapt: Making and Unmaking Ex Situ Worlds

‘Putting the right species back in the right place’: expressed in the words of Bruce Pavlik, the Head of Restoration Ecology at the Millennium Seed Bank at Kew Gardens in a fundraising clip for the Breathing Planet Campaign, the work of biodiversity repositories seems straightforward. A simple matter of renewing the colonial and capitalistic capture of nature by exhausting its diversity in collecting, and then of reinserting species, suspended in the form of genetic information, into the neat spaces their disappearance or almost-dispappearance has left in their original ecosystems, the redemptive value of biodiversity repositories seems unquestionable. ‘There is no technological reason why any species should go extinct’, the clip goes on.The cryopreservation of genetic material in seed banks and ‘frozen zoos’ is often and justifiably understood as genetic-fetishistic suspension, several times removed from animal lives in actual habitats; I propose however to read them as world-making devices in their own right too, more entangled and entangling than they might present themselves to be. Collecting and saving are two mandates that have effects both on the species whose genetic information is banked and on the natures that are made possible or impossible through the projects delineated by biodiversity repositories; but they have also been implicated in a third such mandate, the assisted adaptation of species to anthropogenic climate change (be it the plan for ‘chaperoned assisted relocation’ proposed by the Missouri Botanical Garden or the ‘cultivation of marginally hardy taxa’ proposed at the Arnold Arboretum). How are biodiversity repositories an active intervention into the shaping of natures both inside and outside, and what are the consequences of what happens within the apparatus of these repositories for wider understandings of landscapes and species under threat? How linked is the suspension of metabolic processes and evolutionary potential and the understanding of Earth as manageable, perhaps even terraformable? What do they contribute to conservation biology’s biopolitical and cultural shaping of individuals, species, ecosystems suspended and remade through the different uses for which biodiversity repositories can be put to work?

Comparative Analysis of Different DNA Extraction Methods and Preliminary Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Hedera nepalensis K. Koch. in Vietnam Based on GBSSI Marker

Though the ivy (Hedera nepalensis K. Koch.) has long been utilized in traditional medicine, its genome information is very limited. For plants, an effective method of DNA extraction is a very important step which greatly affects subsequent genetic analyses. In this study, four different methods of DNA extraction from dry leaves were used. A comparison of different protocols resulted in the yield of extracted DNA that ranged from 10.5 to 437.4 ng/μl and with a purity ranged from 1.8 to 2.2. Based on the PCR results of GBSSI gene, Gene JET Plant Genomic DNA Purification Mini Kit is the most optimal extraction method for Vietnam ivy’s dry leaves. A preliminary analysis of the phylogenetic tree based on the GBSSI marker showed that ivy growing in a number of northern mountainous provinces of Vietnam belonged to the H. nepalensis K. Koch species. The high - quality total DNA will allow us to amplify different DNA markers, providing valuable genetic information to preserve and develop medicinal resources in Vietnam. Keywords GBSSI, Hedera nepalensis K. Koch, DNA extraction. References [1] J. Ackerfield, J. Wen, A morphometric analysis of Hedera L. (the ivy genus, Araliaceae) and its taxonomic implications, Adansonia Sér. 24 (2002) 187-212.[2] U.S. National Plant Germplasm System, Taxon: Hedera nepalensis K. Koch, https://npgsweb.ars -grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id= 18567, 2019 (accessed 21 March 2019). [3] L. Jafri, S. Saleem, T.P. Kondrytuk, I.Q. Haq, N. Ullah, J.M. Pezzuto, B. Mirza, Hedera nepalensis K. Koch: A Novel Source of Natural Cancer Chemopreventive and Anticancerous Compounds, Phytotherapy Reserch. 30 (2016) 447-453.[4] S. Saleem, L. Jafri, I. Haq, L.C. Chang, D. Calderwood, B.D. Green, B. Mirza, Plants Fagonia cretica L. and Hedera nepalensis K. Koch contain natural compounds with potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitory activity, Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 156 (2014) 26-32.[5] W.J. Hashmi, H. Ismail, F. Mehmood, B. Mirza, Neuroprotective, antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of Hedera nepalensis and lupeol against STZ+ AlCl3 induced rats model, DARU: Journal of faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 26 (2018) 179-190.[6] H. Ismail, A. Rasheed, I.U. Haq, L. Jafri, N. Ullah, E. Dilshad, M. Sajd, B. Mirza, Five indigenous plants of Pakistan with Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anticoagulant properties in Sprague Dawley rats, Evidence-based Complementary and alternative medicine 2017 (2017) 1-10.[7] A. Mitchell, J. Wen. Phylogenetic utility and evidence for multiple copies of granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) in Araliaceae, Taxon 53 (2004) 29-44.[8] M.A. Saghai-Maroof, K.M. Soliman, R.A. Jorgensen, R.W.L. Allard, Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphisms in barley: Mendelian inheritance, chromosomal location, and population dynamics, Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 81 (1984) 8014-8018.[9] M. Elias, G.S. Mühlen, D. McKey, A.C. Roa, J. Tohme, Genetic diversity of traditional South American landraces of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): an analysis using microsatellites, Economic Botany. 58 (2004) 242-256.[10] B.D. Lade, A.S. Patil, H.M. Paikrao, Efficient genomic DNA extraction protocol from medicinal rich Passiflora foetida containing high level of polysaccharide and polyphenol, Springerplus. 3 (2014) 1-7.[11] J.H. Cota-Sánchez, K. Remarchuk, K. Ubayasena, Ready-to-use DNA extracted with a CTAB method adapted for herbarium specimens and mucilaginous plant tissue, Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 24 (2006) 161.[12] J. Zhang, J.M. Stewart, Economical and rapid method for extracting cotton genomic DNA, Journal of Cotton Science. 4 (2000) 193-201.[13] T. Li, H. Pan, Y. Feng, H. Li, Y. Zhao, Bioactivity-guided isolation of anticancer constituents from Hedera nepalensis K. Koch, South African Journal of Botany. 100 (2015) 87-93.[14] L. Jafri, S. Saleem, N. Ullah, B. Mirza, In vitro assessment of antioxidant potential and determination of polyphenolic compounds of Hedera nepalensis K. Koch, Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 10 (2017) S3699-S3706.[15] B. Ahmad, N. Munir, S. Bashir, S. Azam, I. Khan, M. Ayub, Biological screening of Hedera nepalensis, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 6 (2012) 5250-5257.[16] K.H.E. Koch, Hortus Dendrologicus, F. Schneider & Co., Berlin, 1985, pp 250.[17] A. Rehder, New species, varieties and combinations from the herbarim and the collections of the Arnold arboretum, Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 4 (1923) 250.

Lectotypification of the name Populus wilsonii (Salicaceae)

During the ongoing revision of Populus Linnaeus (1753: 1034) for the Flora of Pan-Himalayas, the application of the name Populus wilsonii Schneider (1916: 16) has been considered a complicated problem. P. wilsonii was described by Schneider based on Wilson’s collections from western Hupeh and western Szech’uan. In the protologue, Schneider cited E. H. Wilson 706a, May 20 and August 1907, Hsing-shan Hsien as types, which belong to two gatherings (cf. Art. 8.2 of the ICN, McNeill et al. 2012). Hao (1935) briefly reviewed Chinese Populus and cited E. H. Wilson no. 706a in Arnold Arboretum as the type of P. wilsonii, specifying in which herbarium the types were conserved, but not which of the two gatherings he designated as lectotype. We traced eight specimens of “E. H. Wilson 706a” in five herbaria: A, E, GH, K, US (Table 1). The two specimens kept in A (barcodes 00030875, 00030877) are labelled with Schneider’s handwriting “cotype, 20/5/07” and “type No. 8/07”, respectively, but both are composed of a flowering branch and a separated branch with mature leaves. These two specimens appear to be mixed gatherings, since most poplar flowers fade before the leaves unfold. Meanwhile, another specimen at K (barcode K000592058, image available at http://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/290165.jpg) labelled “E. H. Wilson 706a, 5/07 + 8/07” provided additional evidence that one sheet of E. H. Wilson 706a could be composed of material from different gatherings. Although the collection date was not identical to the protologue (May 1907 vs. May 20 1907), the E specimen of “E. H. Wilson 706a, 5/07” (barcode E00301557) was attached with an “Isotype” label and is supposed to be part of the gathering of E. H. Wilson 706a, May 20 1907. As a result, there are three gatherings under the same collection number: flowering female branches collected on May 20 1907, branches with mature leaves collected in August 1907, and flowering female branches with primary leaves collected in May 1907.