Epistemological status of the narrative in scientific cognition

BACKGROUND: The article analyzes the role of narrative in scientific cognition. AIM: The aim of the article is to investigate the epistemological status of the narrative in the process of knowledge production and legitimization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The methodology of the study is based on the semiotic concept of culture in the context of the pragmatic practice of justifying the results of scientific research. Narrative is viewed as a specific way of making sense of the world and a form of human existence in the process of knowledge generation through storytelling. The functions of narrative in the process of cognition are analyzed: generation and comprehension of knowledge, structural organization of cognitive experience, translation of individual cognitive experience into the cultural code of society. The thesis that scientific representations of the object of cognition are secondary to narrative models of understanding in the context of communicative practice of science is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions are made about the necessity of explication in epistemology of value-semantic foundations of pragmatics of scientific knowledge, taking into account which the narrative nature of scientific knowledge should be explicitly presented in the methodological reflection of scientific research.

Department of Logic and Methodology of Science: Achievements and Prospects

The article provides an overview of activity of the department of logic and methodology of science of the H.S. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy, National Academy of Science of Ukraine. This activity includes scientific research, translation of philosophical literature, organization of seminars on urgent problems of modern philosophy. Research projects, on the one hand, are based on scientific traditions formed over the years in the Institute, and on the other hand, they focus on the transformations in scientific cognition and science, and build the projections for the future. It presents methodological backgrounds of the project «Semiotic analysis of cultural phenomena» (2018–2020), and outlines research tasks of the projects «Communicative transformations in modern science» (2020–2021) and «Logical, ontological and axiological dimensions of modern scientific knowledge» (2022–2024). Involvement of young scholars in research in logic, methodology and philosophy of science is the major challenge for the department.

Christian religion and notary: points of contact

Purpose. The aim of the article is a comprehensive general theoretical and comparative analysis of the main problems concerning the things in common between the Christian religion and notary service board, clarification of the transformation of religious rules (norms) into notarial activities and notarial procedure. Methodology. The methodology covers a comprehensive analysis and generalization of available scientific and theoretical material and the formation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific cognition were used during the research: historical-legal, comparative-legal, functional, system-structural, and logical-normative. Results. In the course of the research, the historical and legal analysis of the main things in common between the Christian religion and notary service board is carried out. Scientific novelty. Having analyzed the main things in common between the Christian religion and the notary service board, the author states that some of the basic principles of Christianity were introduced into notarial activities. In particular, in the Bible we find norms that relate to the basic principles of notarial activities, as well as the rules of the notarial proceedings. Traces of Byzantine norms, which are also based on religious norms concerning the procedure for making wills and certain types of agreements, are also observed in modern civil and notarial procedure, as well as notarial records. However, Ukrainian public and private notaries cannot apply religious norms and documents during the notarial proceedings. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in lawmaking and law enforcement activities during the preparation of normative and legislative acts on the legal regulation of notarial activities.

MEDIATION IN BRIBERY: CURRENT PROBLEMS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT

This article provides a complete and comprehensive analysis of the norms of legislation regulating the issues of combating corruption crimes on the example of mediation in bribery. Using the comparative legal method of scientific cognition, the main national normative legal acts regulating the fight against corruption, as well as normative legal acts of the Soviet period, are analyzed. The scientific article also analyzes the provisions of federal laws and by-laws of state authorities regulating the issues we have raised. In addition, the analysis of the law enforcement practice of law enforcement agencies and courts responsible for the organization of work on the identification, prevention and suppression of corruption crimes, as well as criminal prosecution for their commission, has been carried out. The article also reveals the law enforcement and other problems of bringing to criminal responsibility for mediation in bribery, the promise of mediation in bribery and "imaginary mediation", the criminal law analysis of these crimes by their elements is carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, proposals aimed at further improving the regulatory framework relating to the issues of countering corruption crimes have been derived.

The Problems of Regulating the Repayment of Claims of Bankruptcy Creditors in the Course of Bankruptcy Proceedings and the Application of the Institution of Offset of Homogeneous Counterclaims

Introduction: the main goal of bankruptcy is satisfaction of creditors’ claims. In this connection, the legislator, based on the requests of law enforcement practice, must make changes to the current legislation, including the legalization of other ways to replenish the debtor’s bankruptcy estate. The author identifies the purpose of the study as a justification for the legislative consolidation of the possibility of legal succession by a particular person of the rights of bankruptcy creditors after the repayment of the latter’s claims. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the main ones are the methods of system, analysis, and comparative law. Results: the author’s position justified in the work is based on the needs of the institution of bankruptcy. Based on the analysis of the current legislation and the established law enforcement practice, the author shows the shortcomings of the existing legal structures used to repay creditors’ claims. Conclusions: the author proposed a variant of repayment of the claims of bankruptcy creditors by a third party, which is fundamentally different from the legally fixed structures and based on the possible subrogation of the transfer of the rights of bankruptcy creditors to it.

Artificial intelligence in justice

The relevance of this study is condition upon the necessity of an in-depth investigation of the phenomenon of artificial intelligence, including its use in the judicial system of various legal states and its impact on the entire judicial system of the state. In this regard, the present paper aims to cover the main definitions of the concept of artificial intelligence, its origins, characteristics, grounds for application, as well as direct interaction and influence on the implementation of the main tasks of justice through the use and development of artificial intelligence in the judicial procedure. The leading method of this study is dialectical, although the authors also employ a combination of other different methods of scientific cognition. The dialectical method, which underlies the theoretical work and is directly listed as fundamental, allowed thoroughly analysing the nature of the concept of artificial intelligence, its key advantages and disadvantages, by analysing its use in the legal systems of the world's leading states. This paper investigates the emergence and transformation of artificial intelligence in modern technological and information relations, its gradual introduction in various spheres of life, namely the ways of implementation and the possibility of application in justice.

Deixis methodology for the study of folk tale semantics

Deixis study is a part of cosmo-psycho-logical and psycho-semantic study of folktales. Growing interest to their flexion and study of the sociological, psychological and philosophical categories in the language determines the relevance of our work. The aim of the work is to formulate a methodology for the deixis study of folk tales’ semantics. The material of the study is works of the tale researchers and works of the researchers of methods and models of scientific cognition. The research methods include the comparative-evolutionary historical principle of cognition in the model of the cultural-typical method of cognition in the CPL system with the recognition of the differences priority of differences and the similarities secondary role, the formation of psycho-semantics, deixis semantics of folk tales models, a comparative research of the ethnic tales and epics types. The results demonstrate thatthe deixis methodology allows us to perform a comparative analysis of the ethnic meaning of the folk tale. The forms of ethnic relative deixis are a formalization of subjects, objects, and the effectiveness of action in history, and relative assessments. Ethnic social deixis reveals the logic of the chronotope of social interactions and their social meaning, meliorative, admirative, pejorative, desiderative, inherent and adherent, and fear assessments. Ethnic nominative deixis is the formalization by linguistic means of roles in intuitional situations of life, recursion, and ethnic assessments. Ethnic indicative deixis reveals estimates of aspiration. Ethnic absolute deixis reveals absolute estimates of the ideal/final result of history.

Reconstruction as a method of crime investigation

The purpose of the article is to analyze the method of reconstruction as one of the general scientific methods of criminology used in the investigation of crimes. The subject of research is the method of reconstruction in forensic science. The research methodology includes the use of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition: dialectical, historical and legal, formal and logical, comparative and legal, logical, system and structural methods, method of generalization. Research results. General scientific methods of criminology and their significance for crime investigation are considered. Reconstruction as a type of modeling method and its place in the system of forensic methods is defined. The signs of reconstruction and its features distinguishing from modeling are analyzed. The variants of reconstruction and their features are given. Practical meaning. The concept of reconstruction as an independent method of crime investigation and its implementation in the system of investigative (search) actions are proposed. Value / originality. Emphasis is placed on the need for further study of reconstruction as a special method of investigating crimes.