Life After the Women’s Health Initiative: Where Do We Stand?

When the results of the Women’s Health Initiative were first published, use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the management of menopausal symptoms dropped drastically. As a result, many women were left with untreated symptoms that cause significant impact on their quality of life. This article will summarize the benefits and risks of HRT, review leading organizational position statements, and highlight ways to support patients in shared decision making to determine if HRT is appropriate to help manage their menopausal symptoms.

Internal Assessment of the Nutrition Department of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (2018)

Background: Internal assessment plays a key role in improving the quality of education. Objectives: The present study aimed to internally assess the nutrition department of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the nutrition department of KUMS. Data were collected using the internal assessment questionnaires based on the guidelines and framework of the ministry. Results: The main factors involved in internal assessment included goals, organizational position, management and organization, faculty staff, students, and educational facilities and equipment, which had a favorable status. In addition, the educational courses, curriculum, and teaching/learning strategies had a relatively favorable status, while graduates had an unfavorable status. In general, the mean of all the internal assessment factors was considered favorable. Conclusions: Although the internal assessment indicated the favorable status of the nutrition department of KUMS, special attention should be paid to the graduates in this regard.

Experiences of job demand and control: A study of first line managers in for-profit psychiatric and addiction care

BACKGROUND: The complex position of a first line manager is characterized by heavy workload and contradictory demands. Little is known about how first line managers experience demand and control in their work. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore experiences of demand and control among first line managers within psychiatric and addiction care. METHOD: In the present study, interviews with ten managers in for-profit psychiatric and addiction care in Sweden were analyzed with a phenomenographic approach. RESULTS: The managers experiences of demand and control implied varied and extensive responsibilities for a wide range of professions; regulation by organizational, economic, and political frameworks; creating balance in their work; and handling the emergence and consequences of acute crisis. These experiences of demand and control involved high and contradictory demands together with coexisting high and low levels of control. Many of their work characteristics could be described in terms of both demand and control. CONSLUSION: The first line managers experiences of demand and control are more complex than implied by the job demand control theory. Our results suggest that the organizational position and branch should be considered when identifying health hazards in the work environment of first line managers.

The impact of organizational position level and cultural flow direction on the relationship between cultural intelligence and expatriate cross-border adaptation

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the critical role played by cultural flow in fostering successful expatriate cross-border transitions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop and test a model on the interplay among cultural intelligence, organizational position level, cultural flow direction and expatriate adaptation, using a data set of 387 expatriate on cross-border transitions along the Belt & Road area.FindingsThe authors find that both organizational position level and cultural flow moderate the relationship between cultural intelligence and expatriate adaptation, whereby the relationship is contingent on the interaction of organizational position status and assignment directions between high power distance and low power distance host environments.Originality/valuePrevious research has shown that higher levels of cultural intelligence are positively related to better expatriate adaptation. However, there is a lack of research on the effect of position difference and cultural flow on such relationship. Our study is among the first to examine how the interaction between cultural flow and organizational position level influences the cultural intelligence (CI) and cultural adjustment relationship in cross-cultural transitions.

Derivational Morphology in Urdu: A Lexical Morphology Approach

From the theoretical perspective of lexical morphology (LM), this paper analyzes neutral and non-neutral affixes and their general organizational position in the morphology of derived words in Urdu. It explores the properties and behavior that Urdu affixes exercise during their attachment or insertion into roots/bases to produce new words, to question the assumptions of LM. Nine hundred and eighty sample words were randomly selected from our observations, articles in Urdu newspapers, and Urdu news television channels in Pakistan. While LM helps a lot regarding the analysis of neutral and non-neutral affixes, its assumptions concerning the hierarchical organization of affixes in derived word-formations do not correspond with the morphology of words in Urdu. This paper contributes as an initial step toward formulating a theory of the morphology of derived words in Urdu – a language rarely theoretically analyzed regarding the morphology of its derived words.

Evaluation of electronic readiness level: A case of financial institution

Electronic readiness is the ability to accept, use and apply information and communication technology in an organization. To effectively implement information and communication technologies, the first step is to measure the electronic readiness of companies and organizations to adopt these new technologies. In this research, the level of electronic readiness of Mellat Bank has been studied in Khorasan Razavi province in Iran, from the perspective of the employees in cities of Feyz Abad, Kashmar, Bajestan, Gonabad and Bazar and Central branches in Khorasan Razavi province. Electronic readiness levels of Bank Mellat have been evaluated in the following dimensions: Strategy readiness and IT policies, IT infrastructure readiness, management readiness, legal-juridical readiness, culture and human resource (personnel) readiness and Process readiness. This research is based on descriptive research design and applied purpose. The statistical population of the personnel includes people with sufficient and necessary information in the field of financial and banking activities regarding e-commerce issues and e-readiness, which was a total population of 74 people. 50 questionnaires consisting of 30 questions were distributed using non-probability convenience sampling method of which 42 questionnaires were accurate. The SPSS15 software was used for analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the level of electronic readiness of Mellat Bank in Khorasan Razavi province in the studied branches is significantly higher than the average theoretical score (3) (p <0.001) in total and its components. This demonstrates the level of electronic readiness of Mellat Bank in Khorasan Razavi is high (above average) from the perspective of the studied personnel. Also, there is no significant difference in the average score of the perspective of personnel based on gender, age, years of service, level of education, field of study and organizational position concerning the level of electronic readiness in Mellat Bank in Khorasan Razavi.

Factors Predicting Death Depression of Emergency Medical Technicians in Iran

Background: Psychological problems such as death depression can have adverse effects on Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) including reduced quality of medical services, job dissatisfaction, feelings of incompetence, depression, and reduced job values. Objective: This study aims to determine the factors predicting death depression of EMTs in Iran. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2019, participants were 125 eligible EMTs in hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in Qazvin, Iran. Templer’s Death Depression Scale (DDS) and a demographic form were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The mean±SD DDS score was reported 4.73±2.93. Most of subjects (n=79, 63.2%) had low death depression. According to the results of linear regression analysis, “number of resuscitation attempts in the last 3 months”, “organizational position” and “history of depression” were the predictors of death depression (P<0.05). In total, the regression model predicts 9% of the variance in death depression. Conclusion: Death depression of EMTs in Iran is low. Due to the importance of mental health in medical staff in providing quality clinical services, it is recommended that further studies should be conducted in this area using a larger sample size

Essential Indicators for Guiding Multiple Strategies

This work’s objective is to present and analyze indicators that guide strategic decision making at the levels of the organizational, network, corporate, business and functional environment proposed by Witt and Meyer (2010). In this sense, in addition to the mathematical expression that defines each indicator, it has also been scrutinized what each of them can portray from the analyzed scenario. Methodologically, a descriptive meta-analysis was carried out for the classification of the indicators, categorized by PESTMC-FP, through documentary research and consultation of the database referring to the values of indexes in acceptable domains that represent organizational position for evaluation of the decision maker. The paper proposes a reflection about the evaluation of the indicators as support in the processes of formulation, analysis and control of organizational strategies.

Konsep Ulama dalam Pandangan Mufassir Indonesia: Studi Aspek-aspek Keindonesiaan dan Metodologi Tafsir al-Azhar Karya Hamka dan Penafsirannya terhadap Term “Ulama” dalam al-Qur’an

Hamka is one of Indonesia's most productive scholars. His work is no less than 85 titles in various fields of science. One of them is Tafsir Al-Qur'an 30 juz named Tafsir al-Azhar. His role as an ulama was evidenced, among others, by his organizational position as Chairman of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) in 1975-1981, and the honorary Doctorate Award from the Al-Azhar University, Cairo, and Kebangsaan University, Malaysia. His work as a national figure is also evident in a series of activities he does. His expertise and expertise in the field of literature certainly gives its own influence and color in the works he wrote, not least in his Tafsir book. Hamka's capacity as an ulema of the archipelago, Muhammadiyah's missionary figure, chairman of the Indonesian Ulema Council, his love for the country and the struggle he undertook certainly gave a special color in interpreting the Qur'an, including his views on the concept of Ulama. In Al-Azhar's Tafsir, Indonesian nuances and specific phenomena of the Archipelago are evident, which represent the breadth of knowledge and rich experience, love and pride towards the Indonesian people, and their firmness in interpreting the concept of Ulama

Democratic Contradictions in European Settler Colonies

How did political institutions emerge and evolve under colonial rule? This article studies a key colonial actor and establishes core democratic contradictions in European settler colonies. Although European settlers’ strong organizational position enabled them to demand representative political institutions, the first hypothesis qualifies their impulse for electoral representation by positing the importance of a metropole with a representative tradition. Analyzing new data on colonial legislatures in 144 colonies between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries shows that only British settler colonies—emanating from a metropole with representative institutions—systematically exhibited early elected legislative representation. The second hypothesis highlights a core democratic contradiction in colonies that established early representative institutions. Applying class-based democratization theories predicts perverse institutional evolution—resisted enfranchisement and contestation backsliding—because sizable European settler minorities usually composed an entrenched landed class. Evidence on voting restrictions and on legislature disbandment from Africa, the British Caribbean, and the US South supports these implications and rejects the Dahlian path from competitive oligarchy to full democracy.