Studying Up Machine Learning Data

Research in machine learning (ML) has argued that models trained on incomplete or biased datasets can lead to discriminatory outputs. In this commentary, we propose moving the research focus beyond bias-oriented framings by adopting a power-aware perspective to "study up" ML datasets. This means accounting for historical inequities, labor conditions, and epistemological standpoints inscribed in data. We draw on HCI and CSCW work to support our argument, critically analyze previous research, and point at two co-existing lines of work within our research community \,---\,one bias-centered, the other power-aware. We highlight the need for dialogue and cooperation in three areas: data quality, data work, and data documentation. In the first area, we argue that reducing societal problems to "bias" misses the context-based nature of data. In the second one, we highlight the corporate forces and market imperatives involved in the labor of data workers that subsequently shape ML datasets. Finally, we propose expanding current transparency-oriented efforts in dataset documentation to reflect the social contexts of data design and production.

Analysis of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites Delamination during Vibration Assisted Trimming using Historical Data Design

Delamination is one of the main issues during the CFRP cutting process. This problem attracts researchers to investigate to meet the stringent quality need. This paper evaluates the influence of Rotary Ultrasonic Assisted Trimming (RUAT) when slotting carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). The study investigates rotation speed, vibration amplitude, and frequency particularly. The correlation effect of these parameters is to be evaluated by response surface methodology (RSM) to identify the minimum delamination. Seventeen trials were conducted with 38 plies of multi-directional CFRP panel. The trimming quality was determined by the minimum delamination damage of the slotting area analyzed by the ImageJ software. The best slotting quality can be achieved by applying spindle speed, amplitude, and frequency of 5305 rpm, 2.75 µm, and 26.79 kHz.

ecocomDP: A data design pattern and R package to facilitate FAIR biodiversity data for ecological synthesis

Two programs that provide high-quality long-term ecological data, the Environmental Data Initiative (EDI) and the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), have recently teamed up with data users interested in synthesizing biodiversity data, such as ecological synthesis working groups supported by the US Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network Office, to make their data more Findable, Interoperable, Accessible, and Reusable (FAIR). To this end: we have developed a flexible intermediate data design pattern for ecological community data (L1 formatted data in Fig. 1, see Fig. 2 for design details) called "ecocomDP" (O'Brien et al. 2021), and we provide tools to work with data packages in which this design pattern has been implemented. we have developed a flexible intermediate data design pattern for ecological community data (L1 formatted data in Fig. 1, see Fig. 2 for design details) called "ecocomDP" (O'Brien et al. 2021), and we provide tools to work with data packages in which this design pattern has been implemented. The ecocomDP format provides a data pattern commonly used for reporting community level data, such as repeated observations of species-level measures of biomass, abundance, percent cover, or density across multiple locations. The ecocomDP library for R includes tools to search for data packages, download or import data packages into an R (programming language) session in a standard format, and visualization tools for data exploration steps that are recommended for data users prior to any cross-study synthesis work. To date, EDI has created 70 ecocomDP data packages derived from their holdings, which include data from the US Long Term Ecological Research (US LTER) program, Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program, and other projects, which are now discoverable and accessible using the ecocomDP library. Similarly, NEON data products for 12 taxonomic groups are discoverable using the ecocomDP search tool. Input from data users provided guidance for the ecocomDP developers in mapping the NEON data products to the ecocomDP format to facilitate interoperability with the ecocomDP data packages available from the EDI repository. The standardized data design pattern allows common data visualizations across data packages, and has the potential to facilitate the development of new tools and workflows for biodiversity synthesis. The broader impacts of this collaboration are intended to lower the barriers for researchers in ecology and the environmental sciences to access and work with long-term biodiversity data and provide a hub around which data providers and data users can develop best practices that will build a diverse and inclusive community of practice.

Standardized NEON organismal data for biodiversity research

Understanding patterns and drivers of species distributions and abundances, and thus biodiversity, is a core goal of ecology. Despite advances in recent decades, research into these patterns and processes is currently limited by a lack of standardized, high-quality, empirical data that spans large spatial scales and long time periods. The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) fills this gap by providing freely available observational data that are: generated during robust and consistent organismal sampling of several sentinel taxonomic groups within 81 sites distributed across the United States; and will be collected for at least 30 years. The breadth and scope of these data provides a unique resource for advancing biodiversity research. To maximize the potential of this opportunity, however, it is critical that NEON data be maximally accessible and easily integrated into investigators’ workflows and analyses. To facilitate its use for biodiversity research and synthesis, we created a workflow to process and format NEON organismal data into the ecocomDP (ecological community data design pattern) format, and available through the `ecocomDP` R package; we then provided the standardized data as an R data package (`neonDivData`). We briefly summarize sampling designs and data wrangling decisions for the major taxonomic groups included in this effort. Our workflows are open-source so the biodiversity community may: add additional taxonomic groups; modify the workflow to produce datasets appropriate for their own analytical needs; and regularly update the data packages as more observations become available. Finally, we provide two simple examples of how the standardized data may be used for biodiversity research. By providing a standardized data package, we hope to enhance the utility of NEON organismal data in advancing biodiversity research.

Methodologically materialising hate: Incorporating participatory design methods within qualitative research on crime and victimisation

The use of ‘design’ within qualitative research on crime and victimisation, and within the social disciplines more generally, has seen very little commentary or discussion. ‘Design’ is referred to throughout as the professional and scholarly practice rather than the ‘research design’, that is, the practical plan for the methods used to generate data. Design in this former sense has historically drawn on both arts and engineering to give form to garments, products and visual communication. This article presents a case study, followed by a reflective discussion, of a research project in which research through design methods were used to construct two focus groups involving lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender young people and police liaison officers as part of a hate crime project. Participants were asked to design reporting devices that would respond to hateful behaviour. Through the design process, participants materialised their own experiences of hate and embodied emotional responses to those experiences. The authors argue that there are methodological, ideological and practical benefits for incorporating research through design methods within qualitative research on crime and victimisation. Design offers a way of critically and creatively reimagining how research methods are understood and utilised, challenging how criminological methodologies traditionally operate.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran dengan Video Based Learning di Akademi Kebidanan Pelamonia

Video Based Learning atau pembelajaran berbasis video adalah salah satu metode yang telah menjadi tren dalam e-learning dekade ini. Akademi Kebidanan Pelamonia saat ini menjadi Center of excellent pendidikan kebidanan Indonesia, prestasi tersebut adalah sebuah hasil dari kinerja seluruh sivitas akademika Akbid Pelamonia. Mata kuliah kegawatdaruratan yang dikemas dengan porsi 6 sks menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi dosen pengampu mata kuliah. Selain karena porsi jam yang sangat banyak, kemampuan dosen dalam menyajikan materi juga menjadi pertimbangan agar efektif dan efisien dalam penyajiaannya. Sehingga peneliti tertarik untuk membuat media pembejaran dengan Video Based Learning pada mata kuliah kegawatdaruratan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa media pembelajaran berbasis video Persalinan Letak Sungsang pada mata kuliah kegawatdaruratan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan enam tahap, yaitu: potensi masalah, pengumpulan data, design produk, validasi desain, revisi dan uji coba produk. Berdasarkan hasil pengembangan media dan pengujian terhadap media pembelajaran dengan Video Based Learning pada mata kuliah Kegawatdaruratan Maternal Neonatal dikatakan berhasil setelah diriview oleh ahli materi dengan hasil sangat baik dan pembelajaran baik. Adapun penilaian oleh ahli media dengan hasil tanmpilan baik dan pemrograman sangat baik. Selanjutnya pada pengujian pada mahasiswa melalui dua kelompok yaitu kelompok kecil dengan rata-rata memperoleh nilai persentase 92% denga kriteria “sangat menarik”, seperti halnya pada saat pengujian di kelompok besar dengan nilai persentase 90% dengan kriteria “sangat menarik” sehingga kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah media video yang dikembangkan “sangat layak” untuk digunakan.