UNESCO, Idanha-a-Nova, and the UNESCO Creative Cities Network

The chapter's main objective is to study the city's rising role as a driver for implementing the 2030 SDGs and UNESCO Creative Cities Network's part as UNESCO's mechanism to support cities in the effort. The results show that there is a changing nature of authority in the policy cycle on a more holistic level, where alongside the nation-state, international organizations and cities play a vital role in the problem definition, decision-making, agenda-setting, transfer, and implementation of policies. The increasing importance of cities internationally stretches the municipal policy cycle from the local to regional, national, and international levels. Orchestration complemented with an inter-organizational relations framework is used to study the case of Idanha-a-Nova UNESCO Creative City of Music. The case study shows that Idanha-a-Nova drove the implementation of the SDGs locally with the Portuguese state's support. However, because it lacked expertise and mechanisms of implementing the goals, it reached out to private consultancy and individual experts.

THE DESIGN SYSTEM AND ITS FORMAL INFERENCE IN LOGO DESIGN

The communicative and cultural achievement is represented by an activity with adopted formulas confirmed by compliance and flexibility that enables it to keep pace with the creative path in the age of infomedia and contemporary digital publishing programs. The explanatory space, in its intellectual and technical forms, is based on logical foundations that work on creating latent patterns and patterns that enhance the purpose of its existence. And the system in art in general and design in particular represents a mechanism for arranging work vocabulary on the basis of principles that usually refer to a system that checks the state of damage between the design work vocabulary. The system stems from those defects embodied in expressive formats that are linked to concepts and ideas through the organization of different vocabulary within the workspace that have specific characteristics that reflect a particular idea and are linked to the specificity of the required utilitarian functional nature. The lesson of the system is not only to reach the relationships that exist between the vocabulary in their embodiment of the concrete form, but it lies on a much deeper level than that, which is the level of significance. Where the formal characteristics of the product of organizational relations reflect patterns that often express their environment or are the result of those organizations with semantic reading, and the difference in the nature of the formulation of these organizations comes from the effect of the overlap of several different factors (cultural, social, religious, civilizational, functional). The design thought derives its primary material through this overlap to start the system according to the rational methods in the drafting process. To evaluate things and this is the rule of logic. From here the researcher sees that the principle of the system and its relation to the degree of formulation of the form, and the extent of variation of this formulation is due to the mental readiness in the process of organization and innovation, to be a specific formal inference related to its basic function and its structural composition in the designs of logos, so the idea of research and formulation of the research problem came according to the following question: Is there a role for the design system in formal inference in logo design? The importance of the research was formulated through: -Informing those interested in the design issue, for the purposes of developing the mechanisms of their technical work. -To benefit scientific and research institutions, as well as the press, publishing houses, and advertising agencies. The aim of the research lies in: Knowing the role of the design system in formal inference in the design of logos, and defining the limits of research, which lies in the objective limit: the design system and formal inference in the design of logos Spatial limit: some Examples of global logos that enhance the current research, And the time limit for the designed logos from (2019-2021), and definitions of the following terms were defined: design system and formal inference.. Key words:

Welfare Programs as a Strategy of Promoting Employees' Economic Growth and Work Productivity

Many organizations apply the notion of employee welfare programs as a strategy of improving employee productivity, since work-related exertions could lead to deprived quality of work life for employees and a decline in performance. Welfare schemes promote economic development by increasing the efficiency and productivity with the underlying principle being making workers bestow their loyal services ungrudgingly in genuine spirit of cooperation. The welfare schemes improve the organizational relations and also enhance the productivity of the employees. The main aim of implementing the welfare measures in any organization is to secure the labor force by providing proper working conditions and minimizing its hazardous effect on the life of the employees and their family members. The chapter articulates the various employee welfare programs put into practice by the industrial and service organizations and its influence on the employees' economic growth and productivity, in both public and private sectors.

Management of Intercultural Relations in an Intercultural Organization

The chapter aims to reflect on the management of intercultural organizational relations. It explains the transition of homogenous organizations into the culturally heterogeneous organization and compares multiculturalism with cross-culturalism in its ability to harmonize the principles of cultural diversity with universal ethical principles. It explores the process of creation of a third culture to foster understanding and acceptance among diverse teams. It attempts to establish the impact of intercultural interactions/relations on the effectiveness of a diverse team of individuals interacting in concert to achieve common goals. The work also underpins some analysis of the creation, development, and management of organizational intercultural capital. Finally, the emergence of the model of strategic management of an intercultural organization focused on learning and training for proper operationalization and implementation is proposed, and some challenges that could antagonize the teams are looked into and proposals are formulated.

Organizational aspects of landscape enterprises: The case of Istanbul

ABSTRACT: As a management function, organizing deals with activities designed to support the realization of institutional goals and plans, performed within an organizational structure that serves to connect, direct, manage, and control the activities associated with these plans and goals. Considering the extensive scope of landscape architecture, it is necessary for organizations operating in this field to focus on management and organization issues (which have ecological, architectural, economic, and social dimensions), and their integration with administrative functions to achieve success. In this context, the present study examined the organizing processes of private enterprises operating in the landscape sector, investigated the differences among them, and analyzed the interaction of organization-related aspects. Within this scope, the research focused on evaluating stages of organizing, principles and effects of organizing, organizational relations, and organizational authorities and responsibilities. The province of Istanbul was selected as a case study to consider the specified objectives. Data were collected through questionnaires and then sent through ANOVA and Spearman correlation analyses. The results showed that the main problems affecting these enterprises in terms of organizing were delegation, participative management, and inter-departmental relations. Organizational aims and customer groups were also shown to have an impact on these issues, and the components of the organizing function distinct relationships with one another. This study concluded that adopting a holistic approach in organizational processes and related applications is essential.

Improvement of the management reporting system in the inter-organizational relations of agricultural formations

The article, based on the theoretical analysis and study of management reporting practices, presents the place and role of the inter-organizational management reporting system in the system of inter-organizational management accounting in the framework of partner interaction. The composition of management reports of agricultural organizations in the framework of business partnerships is proposed, the advantages of using this composition of reports are identified, and the possible difficulties of implementing such a system of reporting forms are identified. On the example of agricultural enterprises, the structure and content of management reports for use in inter-organizational cooperation are disclosed.

Transaction costs and inter-organizational relations between farmers and farm product buyers in Ghana

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of what motivates farmers to participate in inter-organizational relationships with farm product buyers. Interest in inter-organizational relationships in the Ghanaian agri-food sector has been stimulated in recent years by policies seeking to reduce farmers’ market risks while improving buyers’ access to commodity inputs. The decision of how to sell farm produce is an economic imperative for the farmer; therefore, the coexistence of spot markets and inter-organizational relationships suggests that the farmers who use them must be having some gains from them.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed binary logit regression using both qualitative and quantitative data and the transactions cost theory to understand the Ghanaian farmers’ motivation for participating in inter-organizational relationships.FindingsThis study found that a farmer having better information regarding product buyers’ needs was an important motivator for participation. The farmers’ certainty about the price they would get and the quantity they would sell were also major factors that motivated farmers’ participation. Again, the motivation to engage in inter-organizational relationships with processors was also influenced by the nature of the crop. Fruit farmers, for example, were 3.7 times more likely to participate in these relationships than non-fruit farmers.Research limitations/implicationsThis study considered analysis at the farmer level. However, some farmers produced multiple crops. This means that the farmers who participate in inter-organizational relations with buyers for one crop enterprise may be nonparticipant with the other crop(s). Future studies could target analysis at the crop level while accounting for the associated transactions costs.Originality/valueThis study explores how a combination of transaction costs theory and the different crops that farmers produce explains farmers’ decision to participate in inter-organizational relationships.

Organizational Hybridity

In many ways, research on organizational hybridity seeks to understand how some organizations mix together elements analytically considered opposed to or in tension with one another. Scholars of organizational hybridity have studied how such unconventional mixing of organizational elements is possible, how this impacts organizational functioning, and how it shapes organizational relations to various internal and external stakeholders. Since the mid-1980s, organizational scholars have used a range of theoretical lenses to shed light on these overarching questions posed by organizational hybridity. Each lens with its unique conceptual tools and assumptions has focused on distinct, yet often connected, aspects of organizational hybridity. For example, organizational forms research has emphasized questions concerning the emergence of hybrid organizations. Identity and institutional logics research has focused on tensions between the distinct elements of hybrids. Categories research has primarily investigated external evaluations of hybridity. Publication activity within different theoretical lenses has varied over time. While much work on organizational hybridity early on used organizational form lenses, more work from an identity perspective followed, and recently institutional logics has offered a much-used meta-theory in hybridity research. Along with the waxing and waning popularity of theoretical lenses over time, a shift has occurred from primarily considering hybrid organizations to attending to hybrid organizing. That is, while early work conceived of organizational hybridity as a matter of type (effectively suggesting differences between hybrids and nonhybrids), more recent work understands hybridity as a matter of degree (some organizations have more while others have less hybrid characteristics). Notwithstanding some cross-fertilization between theoretical lenses and overlaps, different streams of hybridity research have developed in parallel. As such, organizational hybridity as a concept has been (and continues to be) used in different ways in the literature. The aim here is to offer useful resources to navigate the burgeoning literature on organizational hybridity. While necessarily painting the literature with a broad brush, this article offers brief introductions to specific research streams. It lists key references in each section that will allow readers to further pursue each stream. Although varied empirical contexts and theories have been and continue to be pertinent to organizational hybridity research, work on social enterprise and from institutional theory lenses has been particularly vibrant in the recent expansion of the field. This article acknowledges and follows this trend in the literature.

Specifics of Legal Regulation of Property Relations of Minor Family Members

he present research considered the property rights of minors by comparing civil and family legislation. The article covers various matters of separate ownership of parents and children, property management, and the behavior of parents, as well as sectoral and inter-sectoral legal relations as a whole based on family relations. The research was based on normative legal acts, scientific publications, and precedents. Family law regulates the property relations between parents and children regarding the maintenance and personal belongings. Any other property rights of minors fixed by the Family Code go beyond the limits of family law and are part of civil law. The basis of civil property relations of minors is the family relations. Therefore, they have to take into account social and legal relations between parents and children. A prerequisite for the emergence and implementation of property relations is the organizational relations that arise between the subjects of private and public law. Authorization by the guardianship authority ensures the protection of the property rights and interests of children. The regulation of property relations involving minors and their legal representatives is subject to inter-sectoral and inter-subject interaction, which must be taken into account when implementing the rights of minors and protecting them.