About the 1905 Petition by the Taurian mufti A. Karashaysky*

The article reveals the reasons and prerequisites of 1905 Additional Petition by the Taurian mufti A. Karashaysky on behalf of Muslims of the Crimean Peninsula that was addressed to the Chairman of the Minsters’ Committee and where he wrote about the expansion of the Taurian Mohammedan Spiritual Board’s competence and about the necessity of increasing the status of Islamic institutes. Providing comparative analysis between the Additional Petition and the Public Petition from Crimean Tatars the author allocates the general and specifi c matters of their contents. Thus, the research paper concludes that the Public Petition, via the values of liberal social movement, mostly declared the social, religious and spiritual needs of Crimean Tatars, while the petition prepared by the group of Muslims and clergy under the leadership of the Taurian mufti A. Karashaysky had strictly corporate, confessional orientation.

“We are also here”—Spiritual Care Practitioners’ Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study from Poland

Although healthcare professionals have become the symbol of risk and sacrifice during the COVID-19 pandemic, spiritual care practitioners (SCP) have also put themselves at great risk while offering their service in hospitals, hospices and other healthcare facilities. This study was designed to explore the lived experiences of SCP during the current health crisis in Poland. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-four SCP. Nine major themes emerged from the interviews: personal reactions to the pandemic, SCP’s perception of the pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 on the provision of spiritual care, spiritual needs during the pandemic, work-related emotions, the impact of the COVID-19 on religion, the role of spiritual care during the outbreak, the healthcare professionals’ perceptions of SCP and barriers to the provision of spiritual care during the pandemic. The SCP indicated that although the COVID-19 crisis has affected the availability of pastoral, religious and spiritual care, it has amplified the importance of such care and has positively influenced the visibility of SCP in modern healthcare practice. Nonetheless, in such desperate times, SCP are still neglected and should be further recognised and integrated into the healthcare system.

Existential Dimension and Spiritual Assistance in the “A. Gemelli” University Hospital in Rome: A Cross-Disciplinary and Sacramental Enhanced Dynamical Approach in Palliative Care

In the A. Gemelli university hospital in Rome, the presence of highly specialized inter-professional palliative care teams and spiritual assistants who are dedicated to their role in the service of inpatients is valuable to person-centered healthcare. Spiritual needs are commonly experienced by patients with sudden illness, chronic conditions, and life-limiting conditions, and, consequently, spiritual care is an intrinsic and essential component of palliative care. This paper focuses on the sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick to demonstrate the importance of spiritual care as an integral part of palliative care and highlights the need for all interdisciplinary team members to address spiritual issues in order to improve the holistic assistance to the patient. Over a 3-year period (October 2018–September 2021), data about the sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick administered by the hospitaller chaplaincy were collected. A total of 1541 anointings were administered, with an average of 514 anointings per year, excluding reductions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 98% of cases, the sacrament was requested by health personnel, and in 96% of cases, the same health personnel participated in the sacrament. These results demonstrate that, at the A. Gemelli polyclinic in Rome, the level of training that the care team has received in collaboration with the chaplains has generated a good generalized awareness of the importance of integrating the spiritual needs of patients and their families into their care, considering salvation as well as health, in a model of dynamic interprofessional integration.

Palliative care: Benefits when included early to treat cancer

This paper aims to understand palliative care (PC) when included as part of the treatment for patients with cancer and when there is no need to wait for the person to be in an advanced or terminal stage of the disease. Palliative care is considered as the care required by patients living critical stages of life. Therefore, palliative care should be included from the diagnosis phase of the disease in order to go hand in hand with treatment. This situation is of great importance, because as we are human beings, we have emotional, social, and spiritual needs so that we perceive ourselves in a wholesome way.

Verbalizing spiritual needs in palliative care: a qualitative interview study on verbal and non-verbal communication in two Danish hospices

Denmark is considered one of the World’s most secular societies, and spiritual matters are rarely verbalized in public. Patients report that their spiritual needs are not cared for sufficiently. For studying spiritual care and communication, twelve patients admitted to two Danish hospices were interviewed. Verbal and non-verbal communication between patients and healthcare professionals were identified and analysed. Methodically, the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used, and the findings were discussed through the lenses of existential psychology as well as philosophy and theory of caring sciences. Three themes were identified: 1. When death becomes present, 2. Direction of the initiative, and 3. Bodily presence and non-verbal communication. The encounter between patient and healthcare professional is greatly influenced by sensing, decoding, and interpretation. A perceived connection between the patient and the healthcare professional is of great importance as to how the patient experiences the relationship with the healthcare professional.The patient’s perception and the patient’s bodily experience of the healthcare professional are crucial to whether the patient opens up to the healthcare professional about thoughts and needs of a spiritual nature and initiates a conversation hereabout. In this way we found three dynamically connected movements toward spiritual care: 1. From secular to spiritual aspects of care 2. From bodily, sensory to verbal aspects of spiritual care and 3. From biomedical to spiritual communication and care. Thus, the non-verbal dimension becomes a prerequisite for the verbal dimension of spiritual communication to develop and unfold. The behaviour of the healthcare professionals, characterised by the way they move physically and the way they touch the patient, was found to be just as important as verbal conversation when it comes to spiritual care. The healthcare professional can create a connection to the patient through bodily and relational presence. Furthermore, the healthcare professionals should let their sensing and impressions guide them when meeting the patient in dialog about matters of a spiritual nature. Their perception of the patient and non-verbal communication are a prerequisite for being able to meet patient’s spiritual needs with care and verbal communication.

Evaluation of a Spiritual History with Elderly Multi-Morbid Patients in General Practice—A Mixed-Methods Study within the Project HoPES3

Background: The “Holistic Care Program for Elderly Patients to Integrate Spiritual Needs, Social Activity and Self-Care into Disease Management in Primary Care” (HoPES3) examines the implementation of a spiritual history (SH) as part of a multifaceted intervention in German general practices. While the effectiveness of the interventions was evaluated in a cluster-randomized trial, this article investigates the patients’ views concerning the acceptability of the SH and its effects. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted in which 133 patients of the intervention group filled in a standardized questionnaire after the intervention. Later, 29 of these patients took part in qualitative semi-standardized interviews. Results: According to the survey, 63% (n = 77) of patients found the SH helpful. In the interviews, however, many indicated that they either kept the conversation brief or declined the offer to talk about spirituality. Contents of longer conversations referred to difficult life events, personal sources of strength, and experiences with religious institutions. Many patients who had a longer conversation about spirituality reported that their relationship with their general practitioner (GP) had improved. Almost all patients recommended integrating a personal conversation of this kind into primary care. Conclusions: The SH seems to be a possible ‘door opener’ for a trusting doctor-patient relationship, which can then be built upon.

Necessidades humanas básicas e sociais na assistência de enfermagem a pessoa atendida em Unidades de Tratamento ao Queimado: um estudo integrativo

Objective: To identify the empirical indicators of basic and social human needs found in nursing care for people treated in Burn Treatment Units. Materials and Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional and exploratory study of the integrative literature review type. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 of the 265 articles identified made up the sample. The data collected were inserted in spreadsheets for descriptive statistical analysis and inferences, analyzed using the Microsoft Office Excel 2010 program and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. The distribution of empirical indicators was carried out, which were later discussed based on scientific productions in the area.Results: The search resulted in the identification of 113 empirical indicators, 89 corresponding to psychobiological needs, 21 to psychosocial needs and 03 to psycho-spiritual needs. The needs that most presented empirical indicators were Need for Vascular Regulation (n=18) and Need for Oxygenation (n=16). However, the Need for Emotional Security showed more frequent indicators.Conclusion: The burn, in addition to affecting physical integrity, also affects emotional aspects, contributing to changes in mental integrity. The existence of few studies with the theme highlights the need for scientific production related to the theme, in order to contribute to human and holistic nursing practice. Objetivo: Identificar los indicadores empíricos de las necesidades humanas básicas y sociales que se encuentran en la atención de enfermería a las personas tratadas en las Unidades de Tratamiento de Quemaduras.Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y exploratorio del tipo revisión integradora de literatura. Se identificaron 265 artículos, seleccionándose, tras el uso de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, 16 estudios. Los datos recogidos se ingresaron en hojas de trabajo para el análisis estadístico descriptivo y de inferencia, analizándolos utilizando Microsoft Office Excel 2010 y el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versión 20.0. La distribución de indicadores empíricos se realizó, los cuales se discutieron basándose en producciones científicas en el área.Resultados: La búsqueda resultó en la identificación de 113 indicadores empíricos en total, 89 correspondientes a necesidades psicobiológicas, 21 a necesidades psicosociales y 03 a necesidades psico-espirituales. Las necesidades que más presentaron indicadores empíricos fueron Necesidad de regulación vascular (n=18) y Necesidad de oxigenación (n=16). Sin embargo, la necesidad de seguridad emocional mostró indicadores más frecuentes.Conclusión: Se encontró que la quemadura, además de afectar la integridad física, también afecta los aspectos emocionales, contribuyendo a los cambios en la integridad mental. La existencia de pocos estudios con el tema resalta la necesidad de producción científica relacionada con el tema, con el fin de contribuir a la práctica de la enfermería humana y holística. Objetivo: Identificar os indicadores empíricos das necessidades humanas básicas e sociais encontrados na assistência de enfermagem à pessoa atendida em Unidades de Tratamento ao Queimado. Materiais e Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal e exploratório do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram identificados 265 artigos, que após os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 16 estudos compuseram a amostra. Os dados coletados foram inseridos em planilhas para análises estatísticas descritivas e inferências, analisados utilizando o programa Microsoft Office Excel 2010 e o software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0. Foi realizada a distribuição dos indicadores empíricos e, posteriormente, discutidos a partir de produções científicas da área. Resultados: A busca resultou na identificação de 113 indicadores empíricos no total, sendo 89 correspondendo às necessidades psicobiológicas, 21 às necessidades psicossociais e 03, às necessidades psicoespirituais. As necessidades que mais apresentaram indicadores empíricos foram Necessidade de Regulação Vascular (n=18) e Necessidade de Oxigenação (n=16). No entanto, a Necessidade de Segurança Emocional apresentou indicadores mais frequentes. Conclusão: Constatou-se que a queimadura além de afetar a integridade física atinge, também, aspectos emocionais, contribuindo para alterações da sua integridade mental. A existência de poucos estudos com a temática evidencia a necessidade da produção científica relacionada ao tema, a fim de contribuir para a prática humana e holística de enfermagem.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE ISLAMIC FACTOR ON THE STATE OF THE ARMED FORCES OF FRANCE

Nowadays France is a home to the largest Muslim community in Europe. Therefore, the issues of the relationship between government structures and adherents of Islam are of great importance for the country and they become a field for political confrontation especially because of the existing separation of spiritual and secular life. This means that Islamization of the armed forces of the Republic is also important. It is necessary to discover the level of army Islamization and spiritual needs satisfaction of soldiers, as well as the role of Muslim chaplains in army structures. Based on analysis of French laws, press and publications in scientific journals, the author discovers the changes that occurred in the Nation attitude to the issue of Muslims integration to the military system of the country and explains the reasons and content of some evolution stages of Muslim military chaplains institute in the French army since 2006.

Spirituality in Patients at the End of Life—Is It Necessary? A Qualitative Approach to the Protagonists

Spirituality is the most unknown aspect of palliative care despite being the need that is most altered in the last moments of life. Objective. To identify on the one hand the spiritual needs of patients who are at the end of life and on the other hand, the way in which nursing professionals can work to provide effective accompaniment in this process. Method. A qualitative study was conducted which applied different data collection techniques. This was done to describe the phenomenon from a holistic perspective in relation to experts’ perceptions of the competencies required by health professionals and palliative patients’ spiritual needs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted within both populations. In order to analyze the qualitative data collected through interviews, discourse was analyzed according to the Taylor–Bodgan model and processed using Atlas.ti software. Results. Three well-differentiated lines of argument are extracted from the discourse in each of the groups, on the one hand in the group of patients they define the concept of spirituality, system of values and beliefs, and the Factors that influence the spirituality of patients at the end of life (differentiating palliative care areas/other areas) and on the other, the professionals agree with the patients in the line of argument of concept of spirituality although they define more metaphysical categories and the other two lines of argument that result are the spiritual attention in this process and the need for formation in spirituality. Conclusions. The provision of spiritual care gives meaning to the actions of nursing professionals when it comes to providing end-of-life care, achieving holistic care, humanizing death, and promoting a dignified end.

Islamic religious buildings in the Tobolsk Province in the late 18th — early 20th century

A network of mosques in the Tobol Province (Western Siberia) in the end of the 18th — beginning of the 20th century is analyzed. The source basis for the work was represented by legal enactments, statistical materials, and clerical documentation. The scientific methods were employed, including historicism, statistical, and comparative-historical analysis. By the Imperial Decree of 1744, mosques were to be located in places inhabited by only muslims. Moreover, each mosque should have had no less than 200 and no more than 300 male parishioners. The set limit on the number of parishioners restricted the ability of the muslims to build religious structures. This appeared to be a discriminatory regulation for the residents of small settlements. In the studied time, most of the mosques were located in the countryside. In 1828, towns had two mosques and in 1909 — five. The total number of Islamic religious building was 137 in 1868 and 169 in 1909. In the meantime, muslim population had grown by one-and-a-half times. In general, the increase of the number of belivers is explained by the natural growth of the population. Besides, in the first half of the 19th century, there was a contunued migration of the population from Middle Asia, so called “Bokharans”. In the last third of the 19th century, there was a transit of the Volga and Cis-Urals Tatars. At that time, the number of the settlements inhabited by muslims changed insignificantly, from 260 in 1868 to 264 in 1909. Therefore, in the beginning of the 20th century, the mosques became more affordable for the population. During the studied period, the legal regulation on the limit of parishioners (no less than 200) was violated in building new religious houses. In 1868, there were on average 137 men per mosque in the countryside, and in the beginning of the 20th century – 188. The local authorities permitted muslims to build mosques for even less that 100 parishioners. That could have been influenced by the position of the Province’s authorities, natural and landscape specifics, distance to the nearest mosque, and financial capabilities of the commune. In our opinion, the politics exercised by the regional authorities in the end of the 18th – beginning of the 20th centuries were providing opportunity to the majority of the residents of the Tobol Province professing the Islamic faith to meet their spiritual needs. At the same time, the lack of religious houses precluded part of the practicing Islam from taking full part in the life of the religious commune, as well as from satisfying their religious needs, which was detrimental to their status.