Students’ Behavior of Asking Questions Through Narrative and Informative Texts

By asking questions, students can practice many cognitive processes, and these processes may reflect clues about their thinking skills. In order to understand students’ cognitive levels in thinking, questions can be used as agents. Doing so, this study focuses on examining students’ questions in terms of cognitive levels of Bloom’s revised taxonomy, namely, remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create. For this purpose, the study followed a qualitative research design with 106 high school students and eight language and literature teachers. To capture the relevant data, students were given two types of texts (narrative and informative), then asked to generate text-based questions as well as their answers. Along with students, teachers were interviewed to find out how they direct students to ask comprehension questions according to instructional strategies they used in asking questions. The data were analyzed through descriptive and content analysis. The results showed that participant students mainly asked questions addressing at the analyze level for the narrative text, and at the understand level for the informative text. These levels are assumed as lower-order thinking skills according to the taxonomy, and possible reasons were discussed with further recommendations.

Table to text generation with accurate content copying

Generating fluent, coherent, and informative text from structured data is called table-to-text generation. Copying words from the table is a common method to solve the “out-of-vocabulary” problem, but it’s difficult to achieve accurate copying. In order to overcome this problem, we invent an auto-regressive framework based on the transformer that combines a copying mechanism and language modeling to generate target texts. Firstly, to make the model better learn the semantic relevance between table and text, we apply a word transformation method, which incorporates the field and position information into the target text to acquire the position of where to copy. Then we propose two auxiliary learning objectives, namely table-text constraint loss and copy loss. Table-text constraint loss is used to effectively model table inputs, whereas copy loss is exploited to precisely copy word fragments from a table. Furthermore, we improve the text search strategy to reduce the probability of generating incoherent and repetitive sentences. The model is verified by experiments on two datasets and better results are obtained than the baseline model. On WIKIBIO, the result is improved from 45.47 to 46.87 on BLEU and from 41.54 to 42.28 on ROUGE. On ROTOWIRE, the result is increased by 4.29% on CO metric, and 1.93 points higher on BLEU.

Table-to-Text Generation with Accurate Content Copying

Table-to-text generation is an important task in natural language generation that aims to generate smooth, informative text based on structured data. In this paper, we propose a novel transformer-based autoregressive model that incorporates table content copying and language model based generation. At first, we propose a word transformation method to process a target text. By using target text containing fields and position information, we can help the model learn the relationship between target text and table and gain the position of where to copy. We then propose two auxiliary learning goals: table-text constraint loss and copy loss. Table-text constraint loss is introduced to effectively model table inputs, whereas copy loss is exploited to precisely copy word fragments from a table. In addition, we change the maximization-based text search strategy to reduce the probability of problems such as sentence repetition and inconsistency. On the WIKIBIO dataset, our model improves its BLUE scores from 45.47 to 46.87 and ROUGE scores from 41.54 to 42.28, outperforming state-of-the-art baseline models on automatic evaluation metrics. On the ROTOWIRE test set, compared with the best baseline model, our model gets 4.29% higher on CO metric, and 1.93 points higher on BLEU.

The Classification of Patient Semantical Records and Medical Images

In order to alleviate suffering and pain, clinical diagnosis and therapy are critical. Medical photographs play an important role in diagnosing disorders and tracking treatment outcomes. Images have visual and semantic qualities. Texture are essential parameters, whereas form and spatial connection are geometrical elements. The meaning of a picture in an abstract representation based on phrases or informative text is known as semantic characteristics. Both qualities are used in medical diagnostics to extract properties at the micro- and macro-levels, such as distinguishing cancerous cells from standard ones. Extracting characteristics may be done in a number of ways. Computational and numerical modifications are used in these techniques. Following the extraction of the characteristics, classifications based on expertise and domain norms commence. The normalcy or irregularity of a particular picture might be used to make medical judgments. In this paper, we propose using artificial intelligence and data mining approaches to extract and categorize features for a decision - making support system that includes a comprehensive database of client semantic and syntactic records and photographs.

Orthorexia nervosa and Instagram: exploring the Russian-speaking conversation around #opтopeкcия

This mixed-methods study explored the conversation around orthorexia nervosa (ON) on Instagram from a Russian-speaking perspective. Two quantitative data sources were implemented; a comparative content analysis of posts tagged with #opтopeкcия (n = 234) and #orthorexia (n = 243), and an online questionnaire completed by Russian-speakers (n = 96) sharing ON-related content on Instagram. Additionally, five questionnaire participants were interviewed, four of which identified with having (had) ON. Russian-speakers who share ON-related content on Instagram are primarily female, around their late-twenties, and prefer Instagram over other platforms. They describe people with ON as obsessed with correct eating, rather than healthy or clean eating. Instagram appears to have a dual effect; it has the potential to both trigger the onset of ON and encourage recovery. Positive content encourages a healthy relationship with food, promotes intuitive eating, and spread recovery advice. Harmful content, in turn, emphasizes specific diet and beauty ideals. Russian-speaking users mainly post pictures of food, followed by largely informative text that explains what ON is, and what recovery may look like. Their reasons for posting ON-related content are to share personal experiences, support others in recovery, and raise awareness about ON. Two main target audiences were people unaware of ON and people seeking recovery support. The relationship between ON and social media is not strictly limited to the global north. Thus, it may be valuable to further investigate non-English-speaking populations currently underrepresented in ON research.Level of evidence: Level V, descriptive study.

Nursing care in palliative care in pediatric oncology

This research has as general theme "Nursing care in palliative care in pediatric oncology", an approach that needs to be further discussed due to the need to prepare nursing professionals working in the pediatric sector with cancer patients who are terminally. Thus, an informative text was produced with information based on authors who have already conducted research on this theme, with a qualitative approach, because this is a Bibliographic research. To guide this research, the general objective was to identify the knowledge and reactions of nursing professionals in pediatric cancer care and as specific objectives to identify the perceptions and feelings that permeate pediatric nursing practice in relation to cancer, treatment, and its implications and to know the care/care activities aimed at children hospitalized in the pediatric oncology sector. It is concluded that the courses directed to nursing need to offer disciplines that prepare these professionals to deal with pediatric patients who are in terminal state, preparing them to comfort the family in the face of the failure of the treatments that the patient underwent.

NEWS PHOTOGRAPHY IN MODERN PHOTOJOURNALISM: TYPES AND FEATURES

The article is about the fact that in modern mass-media photos more and more often become not only a visual background to informative, analytical or journalistic text, but as headlines attract attention of audience. Such kind of approach increases quality requirements of illustrative material in modern periodicals because popularity of texts which are published in newspapers and magazines depends on that. Some separate photos might become a kind of visual factage which does not need any verbal explanation. A lot of attention is paid to the role, purpose and features of photos for news as a genre of modern photojournalism. A short review of sources of research issues is made in the article. The author has considered the main definitions and features of news photography as one of the main informative genres of modern pictural journalism. It is accented on the fact that modern photojournalists have to orientate not only in genres of photojournalism but also to be able to use them in everyday practice. Here you can find views of photojournalism theorists on the condition of news photography. In the article are given recommendations of photojournalists practitioners and workers of information agencies on the main requirements of producing photos in this genre. In the article process of producing news photos and their use in modern periodical publications are considered. The author emphasizes on the quality of such pictures and their place in visual accompaniment of informative text. In the summary are given recommendations on preparation of photojournalists who are going to work in the genre of news photography.

Health in Japan

In the latter half of the twentieth century, Japan developed into a thriving economy, and the Japanese remain one of the healthiest populations in the world to this day. However, in the past 25 years, low growth, mounting debt, and rapid ageing have complicated this image, and global interest in the longevity and social cohesion of the Japanese populace is now greater than ever. Health in Japan brings together the perspectives and research of Japan's leading social epidemiologists in English for the first time, creating an informative text which is accessible to both Japanese and international readers. With chapters on key topics such as Chronic Disease, Disasters and Health, and Mental Health and Wellbeing, the textbook offers a comprehensive examination of the major health issues facing the country. The book focuses predominantly on the primary, upstream causes of health and disease, as well as evidence on the wider determinants of wellbeing and illness.

Designing and using rubric for assessment writing competency of high school student through demonstrative texts

Teaching and assessment toward competency-approached are the most crucial changes in the 2018 Language Arts and Literature Curriculum. Demonstrative text is a basic form of informative text, which is important and popular in high school curiculum. This paper suggests how to design and use the rubric as an assessment tool for learning to grade high school student’s writing competency through demonstrative text in order to meet the requirements of the Curriculum.

‘Family Romance’ and the Oedipalization of Freudian Psychoanalysis

Although Freud's ‘Family Romances’ from 1909 is hardly ever discussed at length in secondary literature, this article highlights this short essay as an important and informative text about Freud's changing perspectives on sexuality in the period in which the text was written. Given the fact that Freud, in his 1905 Three Essays, develops a radical theory of infantile sexuality as polymorphously perverse and as autoerotic pleasure, we argue that ‘Family Romances’, together with the closely related essay on infantile sexual theories (1908), paves the way for new theories of sexuality defined in terms of object relations informed by knowledge of sexual difference. ‘Family Romances’, in other words, preludes the introduction of the Oedipus complex, but also – interestingly – gives room for a Jungian view of sexuality and sexual phantasy. ‘Family Romances’ is thus a good illustration of the complex way in which Freud's theories of sexuality developed through time.