“Why Don’t They Just Use Cloth?” Gender Policy Vacuums and the Inequalities of Diapering

Drawing on feminist theories of parenting and the welfare state, I analyze experiences of diaper need as a case of how gender, class, and race inequalities shape the social organization of caregiving and limited policy responses. Data from in-depth interviews with 70 mothers who experienced diaper need and 40 diaper bank staff revealed obstacles low-income mothers face in managing lack of access to children’s basic needs and how gendered assumptions of parental responsibility thwart public diaper support efforts. I use this case to theorize gender policy vacuums: These occur when gender disparities and ideologies prevent systematic responses to structural problems. Empirically this study contributes to understandings of diaper need as a problem of the gender structure that cannot be solved with alternative diapering methods that assume middle-class, white, androcentric privileges. Theoretically it illuminates key mechanisms by which feminized care labor is devalued and rendered invisible and how this erasure rationalizes lack of redress for gendered inequalities and creates policy gaps around caregiving.

Perilaku Kepemimpinan Lintas Budaya Dimensi LDBQ XII Pada Kepuasan Kerja Praktisi Perbankan Di Jawa Tengah

<p><em>This study identifies the determinants of leadership behavior using LBDQ XII and job satisfaction with a sample of bank staff and managers in the island of Central Java. The leadership style in a country is characterized by cross-cultural as a form of national culture that plays an important role in the application of the leadership theory in a country. The role of leadership on the job satisfaction of supervisors and managers is very important to know to see their performance, which will result in organizational performance. The data collection in this study was conducted by distributing online questionnaires to 60 entrepreneurs in the banking sector. LBDQ XII containing 100 instruments and job satisfaction using the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) containing 20 items in the study population. The results show that Indonesian banking practitioners, especially in Central Java, have leaders who are persuasive, production emphasis, predictive accuracy, tolerance for freedom and initiative for structure have the most role in the job satisfaction of banking supervisors and managers in Central Java, respectively Java.</em></p>

Ergonomic risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders in bank staff: an interventional follow-up study in Iran

Background Long-term use of computer in a static mode may cause musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in bank staff. Considering the high number of bank employees in different countries, such as Iran, the risk factors of these disorders should be investigated in order to implement interventions required to reduce the risk factors. This study aimed to examine the risk factors of MSDs using the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) method and to perform an ergonomic intervention program with banking staff in Iran. Methods This interventional study was conducted on 277 bank employees in Iran. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups, including a control group (without any intervention), an educational intervention (EI) group, and a group receiving both educational and physical intervention (EPI). Before and after the intervention, the ROSA method and Nordic questionnaire were used to assess the risk factors of MSDs in office jobs and to investigate the prevalence of MSDs. Data were collected 2 weeks before and 9 months following the intervention. Results Before the intervention, the mean score of ROSA at workstations of all groups was above five with high risk. Nine months after the start of the intervention, there was a significant decrease in the mean ROSA score and its components in the two groups that received the intervention, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The results of the study of the prevalence of MSDs in the employees—before the intervention—indicate that the highest prevalence of MSDs in the control group was in areas of the neck (67.1%), back (64.4%), and lower back (63%). In the EI group, the highest prevalence of MSDs was in the neck (65.2%), lower back (61.6%), and back (60.7%) areas. In the EPI group, the discomfort areas were the neck (68.5%), shoulders (66.3%), and lower back (60.9%). Nine months after the intervention, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of MSDs in the neck, shoulders, and lumbar regions of staff who received the intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusion Nine months after performing the interventions, there was a relative improvement in workstations and prevalence of MSDs in various areas within the bodies of the bank staff. This study showed that using the ROSA method is appropriate for assessing the risk factors of office work and that it can identify deficiencies in workstations. These defects can be addressed by designing and implementing an EI program together with physical interventions according to the components of the ROSA method.

Islamic Perspectives on the Implementation of Wadiah Products at Islamic Banks in Indonesia

The aim of this paper is to study the implementation of Wadiah Product at an Islamic Bank in Indonesia. Bank Syariah Mandiri is the first government bank that operates according to the Islamic Syariah system in Indonesia. The Bank Syariah Mandiri provides wadiah products to serve its customers who are concerned with a free interest product in a financial transaction. This study was carried out with a qualitative method, and the data were gathered through in-depth interviews with the bank staff and manager, observation, and written material. The results of this study show that wadiah application in Bank Syariah Mandiri of Palu runs in accordance with the Syariah principles of Islamic Law. The results of this study also show that costumers lack knowledge regarding how to access the wadiah product. Then the Muslim community preferences in wadiah savings products is still relatively small because Muslim society perceived the profit sharing at the Islamic bank is lower compared to similar products from conventional banks.Further study may focus on Islamic banks customers perception of the wadiah product.

Penyelesaian Kredit Macet di Koperasi Sumber Kasih Desa Tangeb, Kecamatan Mengwi, Kabupaten Badung

Indonesia is a developing country with various kinds of economic development. Bound by government regulations, the community cannot act arbitrarily and must follow applicable norms. The government in an effort to equalize the welfare of its people creates a forum for community associations to manage their funds or borrow funds to open a business. The purpose of this study is to reveal the legal arrangements for bad loans at KSU Sumber Kasih, Tangeb village and the settlement of bad loans at KSU Sumber Kasih, Tangeb village. This research applies normative research methods. Sources of data used in the form of primary and secondary legal materials. This research was conducted by looking for direct data from the field and through legal science books and connecting with the issues raised and then linking them to the current legislation which was then analyzed systematically. The results of the study reveal that Rural Banks are the government's solution to provide convenience to the community but with terms and conditions in the lending process. Every community who wants to borrow money for certain purposes can be done at BPR, those who want to borrow capital must have collateral which will later be calculated according to the desired loan, but it is not uncommon for bank staff not to think about the amount of collateral used with borrowed funds, this often happens. default

Penyelesaian Perjanjian Kredit Terhadap Debitur yang Wanprestasi di Pt. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Hari Depan Denpasar

Indonesia is a developing country, this development is followed by rapid competition. In carrying out activities in any field, especially in economic activities, the community should not act recklessly but must follow the applicable norms. The government in an effort to equalize the welfare of its people creates a forum for community associations to process funds owned or borrowed funds to open a business. One of them is a bank that is engaged in the financial sector. People's credit banks are the government's solution to provide convenience to the community but with terms and conditions in the lending process. Every community who wants to borrow money for certain purposes can be done at BPR, those who want to borrow capital must have collateral which will later be calculated according to the desired loan, but it is not uncommon for bank staff to not think about the amount of collateral used with borrowed funds, resulting in frequent defaults. This study examines the factors that cause default in the credit agreement at PT. The People's Credit Bank for the Future of Denpasar and explained the efforts of PT. The People's Credit Bank of Denpasar is in the process of settling debtors who are in default. Researchers conduct direct information searches through interviews or empirical research with a case and legislation approach. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive. The factor for the occurrence of default is due to the negligence of the bank in complying with the rules that have been outlined. Efforts made to customers who are in default are conducting coaching, rescuduling, reconditioning and restructuring, if not fulfilled, a settlement will be carried out under the hands of selling both parties, the last stage is the determination of execution through the court. If the determination has been granted, the creditor immediately carries out the execution in accordance with.

PERCEIVE – Patterning Employment, Race, and Clinical Experience In Violence against Employees

AimsPERCEIVE is a service evaluation counting whether nurse demographics correlate with reported subjection to violence and verbal aggression. The setting was a large mental health, learning disability and neuropsychiatry NHS trust in England. This continues our work to understand correlations reported in the literature between temporary staff and violence.MethodWe consulted the Caldicott, legal, equality & diversity, teams and gained service evaluation permission SER-19-031 from CNTW R&D department. We briefly consulted with staff regarding themes relevant to temporary nurse workers. They expressed concern that staff perceived to be “other” would be at more risk.Employees’ age, ethnicity, employment status, nationality, length of service and seniority are routinely collected for the running of the trust. Therefore, these were anonymously collated then cross-referenced with violence and aggression incident reports (VA IR1s). Chi-squared was used to identify statistical significance. Ethno-national status was taken from self-report. We could not control for hours worked nor could we get agency staff demographic data.We compared “exposure to at least one violent incident” in June, July and August 2019 against the following demographic categories:Substantive vs bank staffBand 5 and above vs band 4 and belowStaff with < 1 year of service vs staff with ≥ 1 year of service“White British” staff vs Non-“White British” staff“British” staff on self-report vs “Non-British” staffAge ≤30 years vs ≥ 31yearsA minimum of 1682 nursing staff were analysed for each category in each month.ResultSubstantive staff, “White British”, “British”, younger, and staff of shorter employment length had greater frequencies of at least one VA IR1s compared to the complementary groups. Length of service was significant only in two months but judged significant overall. There was no statistically significant correlation with seniority. Substantive staff have three times the risk vs bank staff, perhaps mediated by hours worked. Other risk ratios were in the region x1.2 to x1.8.ConclusionBeing British, White British, younger, less experienced or substantive staff correlate with subjection to reported aggression. This did not fit with staff speculation during consultation. Survival effects may be relevant. We are working to get more detailed information. Induction may help reduce aggression against newer staff.

A Comparative Analysis of Marketing Strategies Adopted by Specialised and Deposit Money Banks in Oyo State Nigeria

Nigerian banking system is characterized by internal and external competition. The upsurge of new banks created room for innovation and further market sharing. A proxy to determine the extent of competition is the intensity of marketing strategies adopted by these banks in recent times. The strategies utilized by Specialized and Deposit Money Banks have been a subject of inquiry on whether they are alike or not. This work against the identified gaps, therefore, compares the marketing strategies adopted by specialized and deposit money banks and as well examines the effect of service quality management on performance of these banks. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire from a number of 102 bank staff in six purposely selected specialized and deposit money banks in Oyo state. SPSS was employed to aid the data analysis. Having analyzed the data, the study found out that there is an insignificant difference between the marketing strategies (promotion strategy, customer relationship management strategy and service quality) adopted by specialized and deposit money banks. Guided by the findings, the study recommended that new entrants going into banking and other financial institutions should stick to the various marketing strategies under the study with the most focus on service quality management. The work also offers that specialized banks need to have assurance, which refers to knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to inspire trust and confidence.

The Political Prohibition Clause of the World Bank Charter and the Legal Implications for the Fight against Corruption in Africa

Article 4(10) of the World Bank Articles of Agreements (hereafter referred the World Bank Charter) adopted in 1944 prohibits World Bank staff from taking political factors into account in their operations and loans decisions for projects of development. Article 4(10) has been at the heart of a sound debate that is reviewed in this paper in relation to human rights and corruption. The discussion is a step further of the colloquium referred as the “Justice and Development Week” organised in November 2010 by the World Bank Legal Vice Presidency Law held in Washington- USA. The purpose of that international meeting was to examine the political prohibition clause in International Development Finance. One of the issues raised during the seminar was the interpretation of the World Bank Charter particularly its Article 4(10).This article discusses the matter and focuses mainly on major issues of the political clause: First, the historical reasons of the insertion of the political prohibition clause in the World Bank Charter and the arguments in support of as well as in opposition to such a restrictive approach by the Bank to engaging with corruption and human rights issues. Second, an analytical discussion of the Bank’s economic perspective and exclusive definition to corruption followed by the legal discrepancies of such a regime of sanctions in comparison with those set by UN and AU anti-corruption conventions.