Numerical study on stress paths in grounds reinforced with long and short CFG piles during adjacent rigid retaining wall movement

Ensuring the safety of existing structures is an important issue when planning and executing adjacent new foundation pit excavations. Hence, understanding the stress state conditions experienced by the soil element behind a retaining wall at a given location during different excavation stages has been a key observational modelling aspect of the performance of excavations. By establishing and carrying out sophisticated soil–structure interaction analyses, stress paths render clarity on soil deformation mechanism. On the other hand, column-type soft ground treatment has recently got exceeding attention and practical implementation. So, the soil stress–strain response to excavation-induced disturbances needs to be known as well. To this end, this paper discusses the stress change and redistribution phenomena in a treated ground based on 3D numerical analyses. The simulation was verified against results from a 1 g indoor experimental test conducted on composite foundation reinforced with long and short cement–fly ash–gravel (CFG) pile adjacent to a moving rigid retaining wall. It was observed that the stress path for each monitoring point in the shallow depth undergoes a process of stress unloading at various dropping amounts of principal stress components in a complex manner. The closer the soil element is to the wall, the more it experiences a change in principal stress components as the wall movement progresses; also, the induced stress disturbance weakens significantly as the observation point becomes farther away from the wall. Accordingly, the overall vertical load-sharing percentage of the upper soil reduces proportionally.

Study on bubble-induced turbulence in pipes and containers with Reynolds-stress models

Bubbly flow still represents a challenge for large-scale numerical simulation. Among many others, the understanding and modelling of bubble-induced turbulence (BIT) are far from being satisfactory even though continuous efforts have been made. In particular, the buoyancy of the bubbles generally introduces turbulence anisotropy in the flow, which cannot be captured by the standard eddy viscosity models with specific source terms representing BIT. Recently, on the basis of bubble-resolving direct numerical simulation data, a new Reynolds-stress model considering BIT was developed by Ma et al. (J Fluid Mech, 883: A9 (2020)) within the Euler—Euler framework. The objective of the present work is to assess this model and compare its performance with other standard Reynolds-stress models using a systematic test strategy. We select the experimental data in the BIT-dominated range and find that the new model leads to major improvements in the prediction of full Reynolds-stress components.

Novel 2D strain-rate-dependent lamina-based and RVE/phase-based progressive fatigue damage criteria for randomly loaded multi-layer fiber-reinforced composites

Two implicit progressive fatigue damage models that rely on new equivalent-damage and equivalent-stress criteria are presented for the prediction of various failure modes of the composites. The criteria are coupled with lamina-based and representative-volume-element-based damage progression approaches. The common concepts of residual strength and residual stiffness are revisited and modified. A fatigue life assessment algorithm that incorporates the strain-rate-dependence of the fatigue strengths and stiffnesses, and random and asynchronous changes of the stress components, distinct mean values, and phase shifts of the stress components is employed. New ideas and new post-processing procedures are employed in the current research. It is the first time that the significant impacts of the strain-rate-dependence of the properties of the composites on stress and fatigue life analyses are investigated. Results of the proposed fatigue criteria are first implemented to a composite plate with a complex lamination scheme under a random transverse load and the predicted fatigue lives are verified by the experimental results. Then, these criteria are implemented to a composite chassis frame of an SUV car under realistic random road inputs and the theoretical results are verified by the experimental results. Results confirm the significant role of the strain-rate-dependence effects on the fatigue lives.

Entropy and Turbulence Structure

Some new perspectives are offered on the spectral and spatial structure of turbulent flows, in the context of conservation principles and entropy. In recent works, we have shown that the turbulence energy spectra are derivable from the maximum entropy principle, with good agreement with experimental data across the entire wavenumber range. Dissipation can also be attributed to the Reynolds number effect in wall-bounded turbulent flows. Within the global energy and dissipation constraints, the gradients (d/dy+ or d2/dy+2) of the Reynolds stress components neatly fold onto respective curves, so that function prescriptions (dissipation structure functions) can serve as a template to expand to other Reynolds numbers. The Reynolds stresses are fairly well prescribed by the current scaling and dynamical formalism so that the origins of the turbulence structure can be understood and quantified from the entropy perspective.

Solution for elliptic inclusion in an infinite plate with remote loading and Eshelby’s eigenstrain of polynomial type

In this paper, a particular inhomogeneous inclusion problem is studied. In the problem, Eshelby’s eigenstrain takes the type [Formula: see text], where m+ n = 2, and the remote loadings [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] are applied. In the solution, the complex variable method is used. The continuity conditions along the interface of the matrix and the inclusion are formulated exactly. Because the stress field is no longer uniform in inclusion in this case, the studied problem has an inherent difficulty. After some manipulation, the final result for stress components [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in inclusion are obtainable. In the present study, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are no longer uniform.

Thermoelastic Analysis of Pressurized Hollow Spherical Vessels with Arbitrary Radial Non-Homogeneity

In this study, a general analysis of one dimensional steady-state thermal stresses of a functionally graded hollow spherical vessel with spherical isotropy and spherically transversely isotropy is presented with material properties of arbitrary radial non-homogeneity. The material properties may arbitrarily vary as continuous or piecewise functions. The boundary value problem associated with a thermo-elastic problem is converted to an integral equation. Radial and tangential thermal stress components distribution can be determined numerically by solving the resulting equation. The influence of the gradient variation of the material properties on the thermal stresses is investigated and the numerical results are presented graphically.

Anisotropy of turbulent flow behind an asymmetric airfoil

Feature of turbulent flow anisotropy behavior behind an asymmetric NACA 64-618 airfoil investigated in this paper. Experimental studies were performed using a hot-wire anemometery with X-probe at the chord-based Reynolds number $$1.7 \times 10^5$$ 1.7 × 10 5 . The average ensemble velocity and Reynolds stress components are used to determine the wake topology and anisotropy of turbulence. The obtained data allowed to identify the outside wake region, which is characterized by low instability and a high degree of anisotropy of the turbulent flow. This tendency is observed at different angles incident. Further, to gain better insight into the physics of this phenomenon the structure of turbulence have been evaluated. Integral turbulence length and time scales were estimated by the area of the autocorrelation function of velocity fluctuations. Then, using the second-order structural function, we obtained the dissipation characteristics of the flow. In addition, the features of the energy spectrum in the region with high and low degrees of turbulence anisotropy were analyzed.

INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS OF RESTORATION OF DAMAGED PIPELINE SURFACES BY THE METHOD OF SURFACE RIVETING

Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований процесса восстановления поврежденных поверхностей трубопроводов различных диаметров методом поверхностного наклепа, реализующего явление поверхностного пластического деформирования, приводящее к изменению распределения напряжений по толщине, выполнено обоснование оптимальных режимов его проведения . При этом было осуществлено численное моделирование процесса накатки, определены оптимальные значения следующих параметров: глубины и силы ППД, скорости ППД, подачи ролика, формы рабочей поверхности используемого ролика. При анализе были учтены следующие физико-механические характеристики: глубина наклепа, величина остаточных напряжений, глубина распределения остаточных напряжений, время обкатки, нагрузка на ролик. Доказано очевидное преимущество роликов большего радиуса профиля - они позволяют обеспечить необходимое изменение шероховатости обрабатываемой поверхности при обкатке с большей подачей, что приводит к снижению времени технологического процесса. При этом в принятом диапазоне параметров режимов обкатки (нагрузка 2500÷3000Н, глубина вдавливания 0.04÷0.06мм) величины компонентов остаточных напряжений оказались практически идентичными для исследованных режимов всех рассмотренных роликов. Полученные результаты были положены в основу технологии восстановительного ремонта трубопроводов различного диаметра без остановки производственного процесса на Нововоронежской АЭС и создана промышленная установка с числовым программным управлением для реализации данной технологии Here we present the results of experimental studies of the process of restoration of damaged surfaces of pipelines of various diameters by the method of surface work hardening, which implements the phenomenon of surface plastic deformation, leading to a change in the distribution of stresses along the thickness. At the same time, we carried out a numerical simulation of the knurling process, we determined the optimal values of the following parameters: the depth and strength of the SPD, the speed of the SPD, the feed of the roller, the shape of the working surface of the roller used. The analysis took into account the following physical and mechanical characteristics: work hardening depth, residual stress value, residual stress distribution depth, running time, roller load. We proved the obvious advantage of rollers with a larger profile radius - they allow one to provide the necessary change in the roughness of the machined surface during rolling with a higher feed, which leads to a decrease in the time of the technological process. In this case, in the accepted range of parameters of the running modes (load 2500-3000N, indentation depth 0.04-0.06 mm), the values of the residual stress components turned out to be almost identical for the considered modes for all the considered rollers. We used the results as the basis for the technology of restorative repair of pipelines of various diameters without stopping the production process at the Novovoronezh NPP and an industrial unit with numerical control was created to implement this technology

Modeling and Calculating of Residual Stress and Strain of Butt Welded Joint

The non-uniform thermal expansion and contraction resulting from welding processes cause residual stresses and strains. Experimental studies on measuring welding residual stresses and strains of structure are costly and sometimes they are not possible. Previously, analytical methods with idealized models were developed to determine the welding residual stresses and strain. Recently, numerical methods are constructed to analyze the stresses and the strains in welded structures. This paper presents the calculation results of residual stress and welding strain in butt welded joint of S355J2G3 carbon steel of 5 mm thickness made by MAG welding process with a single pass. The calculation is performed by two methods: the imaginary force method and the finite element method. In the finite element method, the SYSWELD software is used to simulate and to determine residual stresses and strain of this welded joint. The results of finite element method are compared with those of imaginary force method to show the rationality and the advantages of finite element method. The study results have shown that in this welded joint, only the longitudinal and transverse stress components are important and the other stress components are negligible.