Mortality of people over working age in the context of COVID-19 pandemic

Проанализирована смертность лиц старше трудоспособного возраста (женщины 55+ и мужчины 60+) в условиях пандемии COVID-19 для определения потенциальной возможности её предотвращения. Использовали информацию базы данных РФС-ЕМИАС Москвы за 2019, 2020 и 2021 гг. (за периоды до 15 июня). Сделано заключение, что на фоне более корректного учета причин смерти в 2021 г., связанных с инфицированием вирусом SARS-CoV-2, вклад психических расстройств и болезней эндокринной системы в структуру причин смерти лиц старше трудоспособного возраста без учета случаев смерти от COVID-19 превышает показатели 2019 г. Рост смертности от заболеваний этих классов в значительной степени является следствием экзогенного стресса, связанного с пандемией, изоляцией лиц 65 лет и старше в начале пандемии, снижением эффективности их медико-социальной поддержки. Недостатки в организации социальной помощи лицам старших возрастных групп, слабое внедрение новых информационных технологий и носимых электронных устройств в практическую работу здравоохранения, малые масштабы общественных инициатив в области социальной помощи привели к потерям населения, которые могли бы быть предотвращены в период пандемии. The mortality of people over working age (women 55+ and men 60+) was analyzed in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in order to determine the potential for its prevention. The information from the Moscow mortality database for 2019, 2020 and 2021 (up to June 15) was used. Against the background of more correct accounting of death causes associated with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in 2021, the contributions of mental disorders and endocrine diseases to the structure of death causes (excluding deaths from COVID-19) for people over working age are more than in 2019. The increase in mortality from diseases of these classes is largely a consequence of exogenous stress associated with a pandemic, isolation of people older 64 years and a decrease in the effectiveness of medical care. It was concluded that indirect losses from COVID-19 include avoidable mortality of elderly caused by shortcomings in organization of social assistance for them, the weak introduction of new information technologies and wearable electronic devices into the practical work of health care, small scale of public initiatives in the field of social assistance.

Analysis of death causes of residents in poverty-stricken Areas in 2020: take Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in China as an example

Background Continuous surveillance of death can measure health status of the population, reflect social development of a region, thus promote health service development in the region and improve the health level of local residents. Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture was a poverty-stricken region in Sichuan province, China. While at the end of 2020, as the announcement of its last seven former severely impoverished counties had shaken off poverty, Liangshan declared victory against poverty. Since it is well known that the mortality and cause of death structure will undergo some undesirable changes as the economy develops, this study aimed to reveal the distribution of deaths, as well as analyze the latest mortality and death causes distribution characteristics in Liangshan in 2020, so as to provide references for the decision-making on health policies and the distribution of health resources in global poverty-stricken areas. Methods Liangshan carried out the investigation on underreporting deaths among population in its 11 counties in 2018, and combined with the partially available data from underreporting deaths investigation data in 2020 and the field experience, we have estimated the underreporting rates of death in 2020 using capture-recapture (CRC) method. The crude mortality rate, age-standardized mortality rate, proportion and rank of the death causes, potential years of life lost (PYLL), average years of life lost (AYLL), potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR), standardized potential years of life lost (SPYLL), premature mortality from non-communicable diseases (premature NCD mortality), life expectancy and cause-eliminated life expectancy were estimated and corrected. Results In 2020, Liangshan reported a total of 16,850 deaths, with a crude mortality rate of 608.75/100,000 and an age-standardized mortality rate of 633.50/100,000. Male mortality was higher than female mortality, while 0-year-old mortality of men was lower than women’s. The former severely impoverished counties’ age-standardized mortality and 0-year-old mortality were higher than those of the non-impoverished counties. The main cause of death spectrum was noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and the premature NCD mortality of four major NCDs were 14.26% for the overall population, 19.16% for men and 9.27% for women. In the overall population, the top five death causes were heart diseases (112.07/100,000), respiratory diseases (105.85/100,000), cerebrovascular diseases (87.03/100,000), malignant tumors (73.92/100,000) and injury (43.89/100,000). Injury (64,216.78 person years), malignant tumors (41,478.33 person years) and heart diseases (29,647.83 person years) had the greatest burden on residents in Liangshan, and at the same time, the burden of most death causes on men were greater than those on women. The life expectancy was 76.25 years for overall population, 72.92 years for men and 80.17 years for women, respectively, all higher than the global level (73.3, 70.8 and 75.9 years). Conclusions Taking Liangshan in China as an example, this study analyzed the latest death situation in poverty-stricken areas, and proposed suggestions on the formulation of health policies in other poverty-stricken areas both at home and abroad.

Trends in Hospital Admissions and Death Causes in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Spanish National Registry

Background: the admission and death causes of SLE patients might have changed over the last years. Methods: Analysis of the Spanish National Hospital Discharge database. All individuals admitted with SLE, according to ICD-9, were selected. The following five admission categories were considered: SLE, cardiovascular disease (CVD), neoplasm, infection, and venous-thromboembolic disease (VTED), along four periods of time (1997–2000, 2001–2005, 2006–2010, and 2011–2015). Results: The admissions (99,859) from 43.432 patients with SLE were included. The absolute number of admissions increased from 15,807 in 1997–2000 to 31,977 in 2011–2015. SLE decreased as a cause of admission (from 47.1% to 20.8%, p < 0.001), while other categories increased over the time, as follows: 5% to 8.6% for CVD, 8.2% to 13% for infection, and 1.4% to 5.5% for neoplasm (p < 0.001 for all). The admission mortality rate rose from 2.22% to 3.06% (p < 0.001) and the causes of death evolved in parallel with the admission categories. A significant trend to older age was observed over time in the overall population and deceased patients (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Better control of SLE over the past two decades has led to a decrease in early admissions, and disease chronification. As a counterpart, CVD, infections, and neoplasm have become the main causes of admissions and mortality.

Faktor Risiko Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Kanker Payudara Wanita

Introduction: Breast cancer or breast maligna is one of the second high death causes after heart coronary and tend to increase. Purpose of this study is to understand the risk factors of breast cancer in Dr.Kanujoso Djatiwibowo Balikpapan hospital. Methods: This study is quantitaive, analytic study with case control design and used Chi-Square, this study used 48 samples women with breast cancer (1:1) with purposive sampling. Bivariate analysis using chi-Square test, with OR (Odd Ratio or chance) using 95%confidence level. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between obesity (OR 11.7; p<0.001), hormonal family planning (OR=4.1; p=0.019), history of breastfeeding (OR=0.3; p=0.035) and family history (OR=4.5; p=0.017) with the incidence of breast cancer. Conclusion: obesity is the dominant risk factor where obese women are 11.7 times at risk of breast cancer.

Desert Related Death

Introduction: Desert death is defined as any death that occurs in the desert and could be attributed to a list of causes including environmental, animal related, undetermined, and other causes. Death in the desert seems to be obscure and little discussed in the field of forensic medicine, despite its importance, and there is only limited literature available on this broad topic. This narrative review aims to identify the most common causes of desert death and its medicolegal implications. Desert death causes: Environmental causes of death could be a result of temperature and lightening-related causes. Moreover, a variety of animals found in deserts are considered to be threatening and fatal, in addition to other and undetermined causes. Medicolegal implications of desert death: Likely to arise from the difficulties faced in finding the cause of death are the identification of the victim and the postmortem injuries that occur. Conclusion: Desert death is a broad topic with great medicolegal significance. More information and case reports need to be added in the literature. Guidelines for people about the danger of going to deserts in specific weather conditions should be implemented. Safety regulations must be taken into account at all times.

Prevalence of Reproductive Disorders including Mammary Tumors and Associated Mortality in Female Dogs

Female dogs, especially intact or neutered lately, are at increased risk for reproductive disorders including mammary tumors (MTs). This retrospective study evaluated the prevalence of reproductive pathology and associated mortality in a cohort of female dogs presented at a single veterinary clinic. The medical records of female dogs born in 2000–2003 were reviewed. The study included 599 cases, of which 293 were followed up until death. Causes of death were analyzed according to the spaying status. Among the 599 female dogs, 306 were intact (51%), 50 (8%) had been spayed before 2 years of age (ES, early spaying), and 243 (41%) after 2 years (LS, late spaying). During their lifetime, 79 dogs (13.2%) developed pyometra, and 160 (26.7%) a mammary tumor. Among the 293 dogs with complete follow-up, 103 (35.1%) had at least one MT during their lifetime, of which 53 (51.5%) died of their mammary cancer. Spayed (ES + LS) female dogs had a 4-fold decreased risk of dying from mammary cancer (OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.11–0.47, p < 0.0001) compared to intact females. In this low-sterilization rate population, MTs developed in 35.1% of female dogs over their lifetime and was the cause of death in half of them.

ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY STRUCTURE OF MATURE STRAY DOGS (SECTIONAL STUDY)

Stray animals are such animals that are left without owner’s care, they are part of society, serving as sources of zooanthroponosis. There are no works devoted to analysis and classification of death causes of stray animals on Altai Territory. Objective of the research is to study mortality structure of stray mature dogs. The objects of research were the corpses of 41 sexually mature stray dogs from the Altai Territory, and kept by volunteers and animal protection organizations in the period 2017-2020. Research methods include registration of an animal; autopsy; photographing; statistical processing and analysis of the obtained data. The results showed that 33% of the studied stray dogs died as a result of the action of toxic substances of unknown nature (poisoning), at the age of 3-4 years and 7-8 years; 22% - infectious diseases, at the age of from 6 months up to 5-6 years old; 15% - dirofilariasis, at the age of 2 years and 4-7 years 4 10% - extensive heart thrombosis, at the age of 1-3 years, 5-6 years and over 10 years; 10% - mechanical injuries (car injuries), at the age of 3-8 years; 7% - mechanical asphyxia, at the age of 5, 6 and 10 years; 2% - cancer, at the age of 2 years. The death causes of stray dogs are the result of the action of toxic substances of unknown nature (poisoning); infectious diseases (plague of carnivores and piroplasmosis); autointoxication (sources: stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas); car injuries; closing of the larynx lumen with a foreign object and liver cancer with metastases.

Behavior from the Mortality in Cuba 1990-2018

Introduction. Mortality behavior is close related to the human develop. Countries with higher life expectancy have more opportunity to develop their producer forces and become this develop in economic grow and social development. These reasons appoint to a closer researching about the behavior from main death causes in Cuba. Objective. To describe the behavior from the mortality in Cuba from 1990 to 2018. Methods. Was made a descriptive research about the behavior from the mortality in Cuba from 1990 to 2018. As teoricals methods were used the inductive – deductive, the comparative and the historic – logic. As empiric methods were used the bibliographic research and the Ordinary Less Square. All graphs and equation were obtained using MS Excel 2007. Results. The middle incidence rate is close to 91 deaths annually by death cause. From the 10 main death causes in Cuba, Hearth illness, Cancer, Brain vascular illness and Flu and pneumonia are the most significant in the researched period. All these four death causes show a higher incidence rate than the middle from the ten, being the mortality by cancer the most relevant. Conclusions. From the ten main death causes in Cuba from 1990 to 2018, Hearth illness, Cancer, Brain vascular illness and Flu and pneumonia are the more significant because all them are growing during all time researched.

Hypomagnesemia Is a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease- and Noncardiovascular Disease-Related Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Recent research has shown that hypomagnesemia is associated with increased all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients. However, the relationship between the long-term prognosis of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and the study is not yet clear. This study will analyze the effects of hypomagnesemia on all-cause, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and non-CVD mortality in PD patients. <b><i>Method:</i></b> In a retrospective cohort study, 1,004 samples were selected from 7 PD centers in China. Based on the baseline blood magnesium level at the beginning of stable dialysis, all patients were classified into blood magnesium &#x3c;0.7 mmol/L group, 0.7–1.2 mmol/L group, and &#x3e;1.2 mmol/L group (the end event was death). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the difference in cumulative survival rate; the Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the risk factors of all-cause, CVD, and non-CVD death causes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Cox multiple regression analysis results (reference comparison of 0.7–1.2 mmol/L group): patients with serum magnesium &#x3c;0.7 mmol/L have a higher risk ratio of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.580, 95% CI: 1.222–2.042, <i>p</i> = 0.001), and it is also obvious after correction by multiple models (HR = 1.578, 95% CI: 1.196–2.083, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Subgroup analysis of the causes of death was as follows: CVD risk (HR = 1.628, 95% CI: 1.114–2.379, <i>p</i> = 0.012) and non-CVD risk (HR = 1.521, 95% CI: 1.011–2.288, <i>p</i> = 0.044). Further analysis of the causes of infection-related death in non-CVD is also significant (HR = 1.919, 95% CI: 1.131–3.1257, <i>p</i> = 0.016). On the other hand, the serum magnesium&#x3e;1.2 mmol/L group had lower all-cause mortality after correction (HR = 0.687, 95% CI: 0.480–0.985, <i>p</i> = 0.041), and subgroup analysis of the cause of death had no statistical significance (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Hypomagnesemia (serum magnesium &#x3c;0.7 mmol/L) during stable dialysis in PD patients is a risk factor for CVD- and non-CVD-related mortality, especially infection-related death causes.