Close‐spaced plant arrangement optimizes castor biomass and seed yields in tropical fall‐winter conditions

Effects of planting density and plant arrangement pattern on growth and yields of maize (Zea mays L.) and soya bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown in mixtures

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600084045 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 112 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

I. A. M. Yunusa

Keyword(s):

Crop Yields ◽

Soya Bean ◽

Planting Density ◽

Pure Stand ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

Sole Crop ◽

Crop Density ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Plant Arrangement ◽

Seed Yields

SummaryThe growth and development of maize and soya bean when grown in mixtures in different proportions and arrangements were studied at Samaru (11° 11' N, 38° E) and Yandev (07° 23' N, 09° 10' E) in the savannah belts of Nigeria. The crops were sown in both pure and mixed stands. The pure-stand densities were 513 plants/m2 for maize and 20·15 plants/m2 for soya bean. Mixtures were made in three proportions: additive (100:100), containing 100% of the sole crop population of each crop; semi-additive (67:67), containing 67% of each crop's sole population; and replacement (67:33 and 33:67), containing 67% of one crop's population to the other's 33%. The mixtures were formed either on the same ridge (in-ridge) or on different ridges (alternate ridge).Maize grain yield at Samuru was not significantly reduced in mixtures except where its proportion was reduced to 33% of its sole crop density. Seed yields in soya bean were significantly reduced in all mixtures, and when associated with maize density of not greater than 67%, soya bean was capable of 50% of its sole crop yield. At Yandev, late planting coupled with inadequate rainfall in the month following planting depressed seed yields in both crops, the sole crop yields being only 1·53 t/ha in maize and 0·24 t/ha in soya bean. Also maize appeared to be adversely affected in the mixtures at this location, the yields being significantly reduced in the mixtures irrespective of planting ratios.All mixtures, except 100:100 at Yandev, proved beneficial by producing land equivalent ratio (LER) values greater than one, while 67:67 proportions made higher gross returns than any of the sole crops at Samaru. In this experiment moderately high populations of each crop were found to be necessary to obtain beneficial yields from the mixtures. In this regard semi-additive mixtures, with 67% of each crop's pure stand population, appeared most appropriate.Incidence of maize streak was significantly lower in alternate ridge mixtures; otherwise the crop in the mixtures seemed to be little affected by pattern of plant arrangement; while soya bean was quite sensitive, its flowering and podding being significantly delayed in in-ridge mixtures at Yandev. The legume yields in this mixture were also slightly, though not significantly, adversely affected. Thus alternate ridge arrangement was more favourable.

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Competition between corn (Zea mays) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) in relation to the crop plant arrangement

Agronomie ◽

10.1051/agro:2002015 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 293-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Osvaldo Néstor Fernández ◽

Osvaldo Ramón Vignolio ◽

Eduardo Casimiro Requesens

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Crop Plant ◽

Plant Arrangement

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THE SUCCESS OF THE LUCERNE MESSAGE IN MARLBOROUGH

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1981.42.1553 ◽

1981 ◽

pp. 179-183

Author(s):

A.J. Cresswell

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Weed Control ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Insect Pest Control ◽

One Year ◽

Seed Yields ◽

New Cultivars

This paper, as well as being a testimonial to the benefit the writer has received from the Grassland Association, shows how the knowledge of scientists has been used to increase lucerne seed yields by methods of growing resistant cultivars especially for seed production as opposed to growing for hay, silage or grazing. It shows how new cultivars can be multiplied quickly by growing two crops in one year, one in each hemisphere, by using low seeding rates, wide plant spacing and very good weed control. Increased flowering of the crop has been achieved by the use of boron and the choice of time of closing; better pollination has been achieved by the use of more efficient bees - two varieties of which have been imported from North America. Weed and insect pest control and the use of a desiccant at harvest are contributing to a four-fold increase in seed yield, which should double again soon,

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MEASURE COMPLEX SUPPORTING SAFETY AND EFFECTUVE OPERATION OF MUNICIPAL BUSES UNDER WINTER CONDITIONS

Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university ◽

10.30987/1999-8775-2020-10-37-41 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (10) ◽

pp. 37-41

Author(s):

Sergey Bulatov

Keyword(s):

Residual Life ◽

Technical State ◽

Manufacturing Equipment ◽

Winter Conditions ◽

On Line ◽

State Changes ◽

The City

The effectiveness of manufacturing equipment use taking into account its productivity and reliability for faulty parts of transmission units in municipal buses is estimated. The on-line mode is the most effective method of control allowing the tracking of the processes of technical state changes in municipal buses. As a result of monitoring there were obtained selected data on PAZ-3205 municipal bus operated under winter conditions in the city of Ohrenburg. During the trip there was recorded 39.1 l/100km petrol consumption. The residual life of the PAZ-3205 municipal bus was 1800km.

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