Biochemical Aspects of Presynaptic Function

1994 ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Flavia Valtorta ◽  
Fabio Benfenati ◽  
Numa Iezzi ◽  
Martin Bähler
Keyword(s):  
Presynaptic Function

scholarly journals An optogenetic method for investigating presynaptic molecular regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Kay ◽  
Bruce E. Herring
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Glutamatergic Synapses ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Genetic Manipulations ◽  
Postsynaptic Protein ◽  
Presynaptic Function ◽  
Synaptotagmin 1 ◽  
Ca3 Pyramidal Neurons

AbstractWhile efficient methods are well established for studying postsynaptic protein regulation of glutamatergic synapses in the mammalian central nervous system, similarly efficient methods are lacking for studying proteins regulating presynaptic function. In the present study, we introduce an optical/electrophysiological method for investigating presynaptic molecular regulation. Here, using an optogenetic approach, we selectively stimulate genetically modified presynaptic CA3 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus and measure optically-induced excitatory postsynaptic currents produced in unmodified postsynaptic CA1 pyramidal neurons. While such use of optogenetics is not novel, previous implementation methods do not allow basic quantification of the changes in synaptic strength produced by genetic manipulations. We find that incorporating simultaneous recordings of fiber volley amplitude provides a control for optical stimulation intensity and, as a result, creates a metric of synaptic efficacy that can be compared across experimental conditions. In the present study, we utilize our new method to demonstrate that inhibition of synaptotagmin 1 expression in CA3 pyramidal neurons leads to a significant reduction in Schaffer collateral synapse function, an effect that is masked with conventional electrical stimulation. Our hope is that this method will expedite our understanding of molecular regulatory pathways that govern presynaptic function.

Visualizing presynaptic function

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ege T Kavalali ◽  
Erik M Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Presynaptic Function

scholarly journals Real-time imaging of Rab3a and Rab5a reveals differential roles in presynaptic function

2005 ◽  
Vol 569 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Star ◽  
A. Jamila Newton ◽  
Venkatesh N. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Imaging ◽  
Presynaptic Function

Use of Synthetic Ca2+ Channel Peptides to Study Presynaptic Function

2013 ◽  
pp. 223-240
Author(s):  
Giovanna Bucci ◽  
Sumiko Mochida ◽  
Gary Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Presynaptic Function

Cysteine string proteins and presynaptic function

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Umbach ◽  
A Mastrogiacomo ◽  
C.B. Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Presynaptic Function

scholarly journals Nanoscale Structural Plasticity of the Active Zone Matrix Modulates Presynaptic Function

Cell Reports ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2715-2728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg O. Glebov ◽  
Rachel E. Jackson ◽  
Christian M. Winterflood ◽  
Dylan M. Owen ◽  
Ellen A. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Zone ◽  
Structural Plasticity ◽  
Presynaptic Function

Optical Mesurements of Presynaptic Function: What Keeps Vesicle Traffic Going

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1020-1021
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Membrane Recycling ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Vesicle Traffic ◽  
Presynaptic Function ◽  
Average Total Number ◽  
Chemical Synapses

The nervous system has evolved to make use of a variety of mechanisms that allow information to flow and be processed among a large collection of individual cells. The communication between individual brain cells occurs largely at chemical synapses. In these compartments, chemical messengers are packaged into small vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane upon stimulation, releasing neurotransmitter.. The average total number of synaptic vesicles in a typical central nervous system synapse is only a few hundred and as a result an efficient local recycling mechanism operates in order to replenish this pool during periods of even modest neuronal activity. Without this membrane recycling, synapses quickly become depleted of vesicles, and soon fail to communicate information between cells.We make use of optical techniques to follow the trafficking of synaptic vesicles at synapses formed between hippocampal neurons grown in culture. Recycling synaptic vesicles can be readily labeled using the fluorescent amphipathic membrane dye FM 1-43.

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