Developing a Memory “Thermometer”: A Theoretical Framework and Initial Results

1992 ◽  
pp. 241-252
Author(s):  
G. J. Spilich ◽  
Stevo Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Initial Results

scholarly journals Learning PR. Methodological and legitimation-based learning in PR — A theoretical approach and empirical findings

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-265
Author(s):  
Olaf Hoffjann ◽  
Michael Lohse
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Learning Opportunity ◽  
Initial Results

PR increases the reflexivity of organizations, thereby providing a central opportunity for learning. While this consideration is implicitly contained in many definitions and theories relating to PR, organizational learning has until now remained a “hidden topic” in international PR research. This is all the more surprising when we consider that learning is relevant to PR on two counts at least: first, the aforementioned role of PR as a central learning opportunity within an organization. PR identifies stakeholder demands and develops strategies to help ensure the legitimacy of the organization. This will be referred to as legitimation-based learning. Second, PR learns with respect to its own methods and skills. This will be referred to as method-based learning. This article will present a theoretical framework for legitimation-based and method-based learning. Then, the initial results of an online survey N = 121 that examines selected issues relating to this approach will be presented.

Objective Assessment of Vocal Hyperfunction

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
Eva B. Holmberg ◽  
Joseph S. Perkell ◽  
Michael Walsh ◽  
Charles Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Vocal Hyperfunction ◽  
Initial Results

This report describes the experimental design and initial results of an ongoing clinical investigation of voice disorders. Its major focus is the development and use of quantitative measures to provide objective descriptions of conditions referred to as "vocal hyperfunction." The experimental design for this project is based on a descriptive theoretical framework, which holds that there are different types and stages of hyperfunctionally related voice disorders. Data consist of indirect measures derived from noninvasive aerodynamic and acoustic recordings including (a) parameters derived from inverse filtered approximations of the glottal air flow waveform; (b) estimates of transglottal pressure, average glottal air flow, glottal resistance and vocal efficiency; and (c) measures of vocal intensity and fundamental frequency. Initial results (based on comparisons among 15 voice patients and 45 normal speakers) support major assumptions that underlie the theoretical framework, and indicate that the measurement approach being utilized is capable of differentiating hyperfunctional from normal voices and hyperfunctional conditions from one another. Organic manifestations of vocal hyperfunction (nodules, polyps, contact ulcers) are accompanied by abnormally high values for the glottal waveform parameters of AC flow and maximum flow declination rate, suggesting increased potential for vocal fold trauma due to high vocal fold closure velocities and collision forces. In contrast, nonorganic manifestations of hyperfunction (functional disorders) tend to be associated with abnormally high levels of unmodulated DC flow, without high values for AC flow and maximum flow declination rate, suggesting reduced potential for vocal fold trauma. Measures also suggest different underlying mechanisms for nodules and polyps as compared to contact ulcers. Results are discussed relative to predictions based on the theoretical framework for vocal hyperfunction.

Mind wandering as data augmentation: How mental travel supports abstraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrthe Faber
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Mental Content ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Important Addition

Abstract Gilead et al. state that abstraction supports mental travel, and that mental travel critically relies on abstraction. I propose an important addition to this theoretical framework, namely that mental travel might also support abstraction. Specifically, I argue that spontaneous mental travel (mind wandering), much like data augmentation in machine learning, provides variability in mental content and context necessary for abstraction.

Electron Probe Analysis of Vertebrate Smooth Muscle: Distribution of Ca and Ci

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 334-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avril V. Somlyo ◽  
H. Shuman ◽  
A.P. Somlyo
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Electron Probe Analysis ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Probe Analysis ◽  
High K ◽  
Low K ◽  
Initial Results

This is a preliminary report of electron probe analysis of rabbit portal-anterior mesenteric vein (PAMV) smooth muscle cryosectioned without fixation or cryoprotection. The instrumentation and method of electron probe quantitation used (1) and our initial results with cardiac (2) and skeletal (3) muscle have been presented elsewhere.In preparations depolarized with high K (K2SO4) solution, significant calcium peaks were detected over the sarcoplasmic reticulum (Fig 1 and 2) and the continuous perinuclear space. In some of the fibers there were also significant (up to 200 mM/kg dry wt) calcium peaks over the mitochondria. However, in smooth muscle that was not depolarized, high mitochondrial Ca was found in fibers that also contained elevated Na and low K (Fig 3). Therefore, the possibility that these Ca-loaded mitochondria are indicative of cell damage remains to be ruled out.

High resolution two-dimensional motility mapping; Methodology and initial results

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A226-A226 ◽  
Author(s):  
W LAMMERS ◽  
S DHANASEKARAN ◽  
J SLACK ◽  
B STEPHEN
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Initial Results

1103: Laparoscopic Salvage Nephrectomy after Targeted Neoadjuvant Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Initial Results

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 364-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surena F. Matin ◽  
Christopher G. Wood ◽  
Shi-Ming Tu ◽  
Nizar M. Tannir ◽  
Eric Jonasch
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Neoadjuvant Therapy ◽  
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Initial Results

Adaptive and Maladaptive Neural Plasticity Due to Facial Nerve Palsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten M. Klingner ◽  
Stefan Brodoehl ◽  
Gerd F. Volk ◽  
Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ◽  
Otto W. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Nerve Lesion ◽  
Peripheral Facial Palsy

Abstract. This paper reviews adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms of cortical plasticity in patients suffering from peripheral facial palsy. As the peripheral facial nerve is a pure motor nerve, a facial nerve lesion is causing an exclusive deefferentation without deafferentation. We focus on the question of how the investigation of pure deefferentation adds to our current understanding of brain plasticity which derives from studies on learning and studies on brain lesions. The importance of efference and afference as drivers for cortical plasticity is discussed in addition to the crossmodal influence of different competitive sensory inputs. We make the attempt to integrate the experimental findings of the effects of pure deefferentation within the theoretical framework of cortical responses and predictive coding. We show that the available experimental data can be explained within this theoretical framework which also clarifies the necessity for maladaptive plasticity. Finally, we propose rehabilitation approaches for directing cortical reorganization in the appropriate direction and highlight some challenging questions that are yet unexplored in the field.

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