A Hybrid of Fractal Code Descriptor and Harmonic Pattern Generator for Improving Speech Recognition of Different Sampling Rates

Measuring Mandarin Speech Recognition Thresholds Using the Method of Adaptive Tracking

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2019_jslhr-h-18-0162 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 2009-2017

Author(s):

Yuxia Wang ◽

Zhaoyu Lu ◽

Xiaohu Yang ◽

Chang Liu

Keyword(s):

Speech Recognition ◽

Adaptive Tracking ◽

Mandarin Speech Recognition

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Selecting the Optimal FM System for Children With Cochlear Implants

Perspectives on Hearing and Hearing Disorders in Childhood ◽

10.1044/hhdc18.1.19 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Erin C. Schafer

Keyword(s):

Speech Recognition ◽

Cochlear Implants ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Background Noise ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Speech Processor ◽

System Input ◽

Optimal Type

Children who use cochlear implants experience significant difficulty hearing speech in the presence of background noise, such as in the classroom. To address these difficulties, audiologists often recommend frequency-modulated (FM) systems for children with cochlear implants. The purpose of this article is to examine current empirical research in the area of FM systems and cochlear implants. Discussion topics will include selecting the optimal type of FM receiver, benefits of binaural FM-system input, importance of DAI receiver-gain settings, and effects of speech-processor programming on speech recognition. FM systems significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio at the child's ear through the use of three types of FM receivers: mounted speakers, desktop speakers, or direct-audio input (DAI). This discussion will aid audiologists in making evidence-based recommendations for children using cochlear implants and FM systems.

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Effects of Aging on Response Criteria in Speech-Recognition Tasks

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.2902.155 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 155-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Sandra Gordon-Salant

Keyword(s):

Speech Recognition ◽

Response Criteria ◽

Effects Of Aging

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Aided Speech Recognition Abilities of Adults With a Severe or Severe-to-Profound Hearing Loss

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jslhr.4102.285 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 285-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mark C. Flynn ◽

Richard C. Dowell ◽

Graeme M. Clark

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Speech Recognition ◽

Profound Hearing Loss

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Swallow Pattern Generator Reconfiguration of the Respiratory Neural Network

Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) ◽

10.1044/sasd18.1.3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 3-12

Author(s):

Andrea Vovka ◽

Paul W. Davenport ◽

Karen Wheeler-Hegland ◽

Kendall F. Morris ◽

Christine M. Sapienza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Control ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Pattern Generator ◽

Breathing Patterns ◽

Motor Patterns ◽

Control Assembly ◽

Pharyngeal Swallow ◽

Laryngeal Vestibule ◽

Lower Airways ◽

Swallow Apnea

Abstract When the nasal and oral passages converge and a bolus enters the pharynx, it is critical that breathing and swallow motor patterns become integrated to allow safe passage of the bolus through the pharynx. Breathing patterns must be reconfigured to inhibit inspiration, and upper airway muscle activity must be recruited and reconfigured to close the glottis and laryngeal vestibule, invert the epiglottis, and ultimately protect the lower airways. Failure to close and protect the glottal opening to the lower airways, or loss of the integration and coordination of swallow and breathing, increases the risk of penetration or aspiration. A neural swallow central pattern generator (CPG) controls the pharyngeal swallow phase and is located in the medulla. We propose that this swallow CPG is functionally organized in a holarchical behavioral control assembly (BCA) and is recruited with pharyngeal swallow. The swallow BCA holon reconfigures the respiratory CPG to produce the stereotypical swallow breathing pattern, consisting of swallow apnea during swallowing followed by prolongation of expiration following swallow. The timing of swallow apnea and the duration of expiration is a function of the presence of the bolus in the pharynx, size of the bolus, bolus consistency, breath cycle, ventilatory state and disease.

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