Friedrich List’s Discovery of a Coal Deposit in Pennsylvania

Author(s):  
Eugen Wendler
Keyword(s):  
2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Eskenazy ◽  
Y.S. Stefanova
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
John Parnell ◽  
Mas'ud Baba ◽  
Stephen Bowden

ABSTRACTBitumen veins were formerly mined as ‘coal’ from Moinian metamorphic basement at Castle Leod, Strathpeffer, Ross-shire. The abundance and spatial concentration of hydrocarbons implies generation of a large volume of oil that exerted a fluid pressure great enough to open veins to 1+ m width. Biomarker characteristics, including β-carotane and a high proportion of C28 steranes, correlate the bitumen to Lower Devonian non-marine shales separated from the Moinian basement by a major fault. Bitumen in the Moinian basement has higher diasterane/sterane ratios than bitumen in the Devonian sequence, indicating greater levels of biodegradation, which may reflect more interaction with water in the basement. Replacive bitumen nodules in the Moinian basement, containing thoriferous/uraniferous mineral phases, are comparable with bitumen nodules in basement terrains elsewhere. Formation of the nodules represents hydrocarbon penetration of low-permeability basement, consistent with high fluid pressure. Bitumen veins are particularly orientated E–W, and may be associated with E–W transfer faults attributed to Permo-Carboniferous basin inversion.


Author(s):  
H. Akcakoca ◽  
K. Erarslan ◽  
N. Çelebi ◽  
A.G. Pasamehmetoglu

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Yohanes W.M Purba ◽  
◽  
Pulung Karo Karo ◽  
Ediman Ginting ◽  
◽  
...  

This research Coal is one of the sedimentary fossil fuels that can ignite, is formed from organic sediment, and the remains of plants are then formed through the process of coalification. The main element consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The formation of coal has certain conditions and only occurs in certain eras throughout geological history. The carbon age was approximately 340 million years ago. In the Permian Age or the Paleozoic era, 270 million also formed the most productive coal which is almost the entire coal deposit (black coal) in other parts of the earth. In this study we conducted at the Laboratory of PT. Bukit Asam tbk. Observation Results in the Study of Average Volatile Matter 19.11, Max Volatile Matter value 38.34, Min Vollatie Matter value 11.34. And the Average Calorie Result of 7578.5 Kacl / Kg, Max Calorie Value of 8046 Kcal / Kg. In this study, it was proved that coal samples were Anthracite types.


2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
V.S. Portnov ◽  
◽  
S.А. Vizhva ◽  
N.V. Reva ◽  
А.D. Maussymbayeva ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 88-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Afzal ◽  
Seyed Hosein Alhoseini ◽  
Behzad Tokhmechi ◽  
Dariush Kaveh Ahangaran ◽  
Amir Bijan Yasrebi ◽  
...  

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