Suspended particulate matter in the North Sea: field observations and model simulations

1994 ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sundermann
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
The North ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
The North Sea

scholarly journals Association of Marine Archaea with the Digestive Tracts of Two Marine Fish Species

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 2894-2898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc J. E. C. van der Maarel ◽  
Rebekka R. E. Artz ◽  
René Haanstra ◽  
Larry J. Forney
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Grey Mullet ◽  
The North ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Marine Archaea

ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that archaea which were always thought to live under strict anoxic or extreme environmental conditions are also present in cold, oxygenated seawater, soils, the digestive tract of a holothurian deep-sea-deposit feeder, and a marine sponge. In this study, we show, by using PCR-mediated screening in other marine eukaryotes, that marine archaea are also present in the digestive tracts of flounder and grey mullet, two fish species common in the North Sea, in fecal samples of flounder, and in suspended particulate matter of the North Sea water column. No marine archaea could be detected in the digestive tracts of mussels or the fecal pellets of a copepod species. The archaeal 16S ribosomal DNA clone libraries of feces of flounder and the contents of the digestive tracts of grey mullet and flounder were dominated by group II marine archaea. The marine archaeal clones derived from flounder and grey mullet digestive tracts and feces formed a distinct cluster within the group II marine archaea, with 76.7 to 89.8% similarity to previously described group II clones. Fingerprinting of the archaeal community of flounder digestive tract contents and feces by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of archaeal 16S rRNA genes after restriction withHhaI showed a dominant fragment at 249 bp, which is likely to be derived from group II marine archaea. Clones of marine archaea that were closely related to the fish-associated marine archaea clones were obtained from suspended particulate matter of the water column at two stations in the North Sea. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting of the archaeal community present in suspended particulate matter showed the same fragment pattern as was found for the archaeal community of the flounder digestive tract contents and feces. These data demonstrate that marine archaea are present in the digestive tracts and feces of very common marine fish. It is possible that the marine archaea associated with the digestive tracts of marine fish are liberated into the water column through the feces and subsequently contribute to the marine archaeal community of suspended particulate matter.

scholarly journals Turbulent Mixing due to Surface Waves Indicated by Remote Sensing of Suspended Particulate Matter and Its Implementation into Coupled Modeling of Waves, Turbulence, and Circulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Pleskachevsky ◽  
Mikhail Dobrynin ◽  
Alexander V. Babanin ◽  
Heinz Günther ◽  
Emil Stanev
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Turbulent Mixing ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
The North ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
The North Sea

Abstract This paper studies the impact of the surface waves on the turbulent mixing. The satellite observations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) at the ocean surface as an indicator of turbulent quantities of the flow are used. In a water column, SPM builds a vertical profile depending on settling velocities of the particles and on vertical mixing processes; thus, SPM is a perfect marker to study the turbulent quantities of the flow. Satellite observations in the North Sea show that surface SPM concentrations, in locations of its deposition, grow rapidly and build plume-shaped, long (many kilometers) uninterrupted and consistent structures during a storm. Also, satellites reveal that SPM rapidly sinks to the seabed after the storm peak has passed and wave height decreases (i.e., in the absence of strong turbulence). The nonbreaking wave-induced turbulence has been discussed, parameterized, and implemented into an equation of evolution of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in the frame of mean-flow concept, which can be used in existing circulation models. The ratio between dissipated and total wave energy is used to describe the influence of wave damping on the mean flow. The numerical tests reproduce experiments in a wave tank very well and are supported by observations of SPM in the North Sea. Their results show that the motion of an individual nonbreaking wave includes turbulent fluctuations if the critical Reynolds number for wave motion is exceeded, independent of the presence of currents due to wind or tides. These fluctuations can produce high diffusivity and strongly influence mixing in the upper water layer of the ocean.

Suspended particulate matter in the North Sea: field observations and model simulations

1993 ◽  
Vol 343 (1669) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lagrangian Model ◽  
The North ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Diffusive Fluxes

A major part of land ocean interaction in the coastal zone consists of the transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM). Its mass balance is determined by the input from rivers, atmosphere and adjacent seas, by advective and diffusive fluxes, and by deposition and resuspension at the sea bottom. For the North Sea, a three-dimensional lagrangian model has been developed which includes all these components. It is driven by the actual atmospheric forcing, the tides and the baroclinic currents. Model results of SPM spreading and deposition for specific years are presented and compared with in situ observations and satellite images.

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