Induction of adventitious roots and analysis of ginsenoside content and the genes involved in triterpene biosynthesis inPanax ginseng

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Yeon Han ◽  
Su-Jin Jung ◽  
Sang-Woo Kim ◽  
Yong-Soo Kwon ◽  
Myong-Jong Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Ginsenoside Content ◽  
Triterpene Biosynthesis ◽  
Analysis Of Ginsenoside

scholarly journals Colchicine Mutagenesis from Long-term Cultured Adventitious Roots Increases Biomass and Ginsenoside Production in Wild Ginseng (Panax ginseng Mayer)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim-Cuong Le ◽  
Thanh-Tam Ho ◽  
Jong-Du Lee ◽  
Kee-Yoeup Paek ◽  
So-Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Bioreactor Culture ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Ginsenoside Content ◽  
Mutant Lines

Panax ginseng Mayer is a perennial herb that has been used as a medicinal plant in Eastern Asia for thousands of years. The aim of this study was to enhance root biomass and ginsenoside content in cultured adventitious roots by colchicine mutagenesis. Adventitious P. ginseng roots were treated with colchicine at different concentrations (100, 200, and 300 mg·L−1) and for different durations (1, 2, and 3 days). Genetic variability of mutant lines was assessed using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Ginsenoside biosynthesis gene expression, ginsenoside content, enzyme activities, and performance in bioreactor culture were assessed in four mutant lines (100–1-2, 100–1-18, 300–1-16, and 300–2-8). The results showed that ginsenoside productivity was enhanced in all mutant lines, with mutant 100–1-18 exhibiting the most pronounced increase (4.8-fold higher than the control). Expression of some ginsenoside biosynthetic enzymes was elevated in mutant lines. Enzyme activities varied among lines, and lipid peroxidation activity correlated with root biomass. All four lines were suitable for bioreactor cultivation, with mutant 100–1-18 exhibiting the highest biomass after culture scale-up. The results indicated that colchicine mutagenesis of P. ginseng roots increased biomass and ginsenosides production. This technique, and the root lines produced in this study, may be used to increase industrial yields of P. ginseng biomass and ginsenosides.

scholarly journals Analysis of Ginsenoside Content (Panax ginseng) from Different Regions

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Prabhu Balan ◽  
David G Popovich
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Ginsenoside Content ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Analysis Of Ginsenoside

Recently Panax ginseng has been grown as a secondary crop under a pine tree canopy in New Zealand (NZ). The aim of the study is to compare the average content of ginsenosides from NZ-grown ginseng and its original native locations (China and Korea) grown ginseng. Ten batches of NZ-grown ginseng were extracted using 70% methanol and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. The average content of ginsenosides from China and Korea grown ginseng were obtained by collecting data from 30 and 17 publications featuring China and Korea grown ginseng, respectively. The average content of total ginsenosides in NZ-grown ginseng was 40.06 ± 3.21 mg/g (n = 14), which showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentration than that of China grown ginseng (16.48 ± 1.24 mg/g, n = 113) and Korea grown ginseng (21.05 ± 1.57 mg/g, n = 106). For the individual ginsenosides, except for the ginsenosides Rb2, Rc, and Rd, ginsenosides Rb1, Re, Rf, and Rg1 from NZ-grown ginseng were 2.22, 2.91, 1.65, and 1.27 times higher than that of ginseng grown in China, respectively. Ginsenosides Re and Rg1 in NZ-grown ginseng were also 2.14 and 1.63 times higher than ginseng grown in Korea. From the accumulation of ginsenosides, New Zealand volcanic pumice soil may be more suitable for ginseng growth than its place of origin.

scholarly journals Response of Bioactive Metabolite and Biosynthesis Related Genes to Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation in Codonopsis pilosula

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao-jiao Ji ◽  
Qi Feng ◽  
Hai-feng Sun ◽  
Xue-jun Zhang ◽  
Xiao-xiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Metabolite ◽  
Codonopsis Pilosula ◽  
Meja Treatment ◽  
Metabolite Accumulation ◽  
Culture Growth ◽  
Sucrose Level

Bioactive metabolites in Codonopsis pilosula are of particular interest as an immunostimulant. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) plays an important role in the elicitation of metabolite biosynthesis. Here, we explored the response of metabolites to MeJA elicitation in C. pilosula adventitious roots and multiple shoots. The results showed that the biomass, polysaccharide, and lobetyolin content of adventitious roots exhibited the highest increases with 100 µmol·L−1 MeJA at the 16th day of subculture, whereas the atractylenolide III (a terpenoid) content increased extremely with 50 µmol·L−1 MeJA treatment at the 7th day of subculture. In addition, the biomass and lobetyolin content significantly increased at the 4th day after treatment. Similarly, the polysaccharide and lobetyolin content increased in multiple shoots. Further identification of different metabolites responding to MeJA by 1H-NMR showed an extremely significant increase of the lobetyolinin level, which coincided with lobetyolin. Accordingly, the precursor, fatty acids, showed a highly significant decrease in their levels. Furthermore, a significant increase in β-d-fructose-butanol glycoside was detected, which was accompanied by a decrease in the sucrose level. Accordingly, the enzyme genes responsible for terpenoid and carbohydrate biosynthesis, CpUGPase, and CpPMK, were up regulated. In conclusion, MeJA promoted culture growth and accelerated bioactive metabolite accumulation by regulating the expression of the metabolite biosynthesis related genes, CpUGPase and CpPMK in C. pilosula.

High nitrate inhibited adventitious roots formation in apple rootstock by altering hormonal contents and miRNAs expression profiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 110230
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mobeen Tahir ◽  
Shaohuan Li ◽  
Jiangping Mao ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Mirnas Expression

Anatomy of the adventitious roots of Philodendron (Araceae) and its importance for the systematics of the genus

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Rafaela de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Ana Cristina Campos Borges ◽  
Juan Augusto Rodrigues dos Campos ◽  
Artur Manoel Leite Medeiros ◽  
Cassia Mônica Sakuragui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Related Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
The Common

The genus Philodendron Schott comprises the following three currently accepted subgenenera: P. subg. Philodendron, P. subg. Pteromischum and P. subg. Meconostigma; however, these lack a well-defined classification. In the present study, we examined anatomically samples of adventitious roots in species of the group, so as to establish aspects relevant for taxonomic purposes. The anatomical analyses emphasised the characteristics of the steles in cross-sections of the root samples from regions near the apex to the most mature zones. A species of a closely related genus Adelonema, namely A. crinipes, was included in the study to clarify the results. Our results indicated notable differences in the species of the subgenus Meconostigma, mainly in terms of the presence (and variations) of a lobed stele, whereas the cylindrical stele stood out among the common characteristics in P. subg. Philodendron, P. subg. Pteromischum and the related species A. crinipes. Moreover, the characteristics shared by P. subg. Philodendron and P. subg. Pteromischum corroborated the phylogenetic hypothesis that these two taxa were more closely related to one another than to P. subg. Meconostigma.

Metabolism of a Pyrrolidine Urea Herbicide in Corn and Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Holm ◽  
D. E. Stallard
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
The Hill

Five 2,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidinecarboxanilides were effective inhibitors of the Hill reaction. However, only thecisisomers were active; thetransisomers were totally inactive. Experiments were conducted using14C-5328 (cis-2,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidinecarboxanilide). A correlation existed between resistance of various plants to 5328 and their ability to metabolize it to water soluble metabolites. Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceumL.) seedlings were very susceptible to 5328 and were unable to metabolize it. Tall morningglory [Ipomoea purpurea(L.) Roth] seedlings were highly tolerant to 5328 and converted it completely to its metabolites. Corn (Zea maysL. ‘DeKalb variety XL-45′) seedlings which were slightly susceptible to 5328 injury were able to metabolize up to 90% of the parent compound. Corn foliage uptake of14C-5328 applied to the soil surface occurred through the adventitious roots.

Period of harvest, sprouting ability of cuttings, and in vitro plant regeneration in Fraxinus excelsior

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conceição Eneida Silveira ◽  
Alain Cottignies
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Woody Plant Medium

Propagation by stem cuttings and in vitro culture of apical bud explants were studied on Fraxinus excelsior L. Stem cuttings from 4- to 7-year-old trees growing under natural conditions sprouted only when cuttings were taken from dormant material. Only 6% of those that had sprouted developed roots by the 7th month of culture. Similarly, only apical bud explants harvested during the dormant period sprouted in vitro. Up to 87% of these sprouts developed two to four branching adventitious roots after 5 months of culture. During the initial phase of in vitro culture, the Quoirin and Lepoivre medium and the woody plant medium favoured sprout lengthening. During the phase of multiplication, up to three sprouts per explant developed with the woody plant medium in the presence of a combination of high 6-benzylaminopurine (3.0–4.0 mg∙L−1) and low indole-3-butyric acid (0.01–0.03 mg∙L−1) concentrations. Rooting was obtained in a medium without any growth regulators. Microscopic analysis showed a direct connection between the vascular elements of adventitious roots and stem of plantlet. Chromosome number in root apices of ash plantlets and ash trees grown under natural conditions was 2n = 46. Key words: chromosome number, Fraxinus excelsior L., in vitro plants, micropropagation, stem cuttings.

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