scholarly journals Metabolic and inflammatory health in SARS-CoV-2 and the potential role for habitual exercise in reducing disease severity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank E. Marino ◽  
Nicole T. Vargas ◽  
Melissa Skein ◽  
Tegan Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Habitual Exercise

Impaired chemoreflex sensitivity in adult patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome?the potential role of disease severity

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Schmidt ◽  
Ursula M�ller-Werdan ◽  
Sebastian Nuding ◽  
Thomas Hoffmann ◽  
Darrel P. Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Multiple Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Chemoreflex Sensitivity

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Therapeutic Dose of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LWMH) to Attenuate Hyper-Inflammatory State in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Mohsin Sheraz Mughal ◽  
Ikwinder Preet Kaur ◽  
Ali R. Jaffery ◽  
Chang Wang ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Introduction:The underlying pathophysiology of severe COVID-19 involves cytokine storm syndrome that is associated with an elevation of immunoinflammatory cytokines [1]. This hyper-inflammatory state has been implicated with coagulopathy among severely sick patients with COVID-19. Inflammation and coagulopathy are interlinked processes [2]. Coagulopathy has been associated with high mortality in COVID-19 patients [3]. LMWH is traditionally used for its anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties, however, its anti-inflammatory effect has not been fully elucidated. A study done by Shastri et al. suggested that LMWH can inhibit the release of different cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-α) [4]. Recent retrospective studies on COVID-19 illustrated that the LMWH (40-60 mg, subcutaneously every day) was associated with better prognosis as measured by (28 days of survival) in severely sick patients meeting sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC≥4) criteria compared to nonusers [5]. The potential role of escalated/therapeutic LMWH (1mg/kg/subcutaneously every 12 hours) remains unclear. This study involves a retrospective analysis of the potential role of an escalated dose of LMWH to alter the hyper-inflammatory state in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and compared outcomes to those patients who received a low dose (40-60 mg, subcutaneously every day) of LMWH. Methods:Adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by nasopharyngeal (NP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) who were hospitalized from March 1st to April 20, 2020, were included. They were divided into two cohorts based on the dose of LMWH; cohort 1 (40-60 mg, subcutaneously every day) and cohort 2 (1mg/kg/subcutaneously every 12 hours). Categorical variables were compared by conducting a chi-square test or Fisher's exact test while continuous ones were compared by conducting a median two-sample test. Results:The median values of PT, PTT, INR, CRPmax, LDHmax, ferritinmax, D-dimermax, are mentioned in table 1. Incidence of thrombotic events (deep venous thrombosis, ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism) was higher in cohort 1 (n=3, 4.8%) compared to cohort 2 (n=1, 2.6%). Cohort 2 had a higher number of patients who received ICU level of care (n=24) compared to the 6 patients in cohort 1. Out of 24 patients in cohort 2, 18 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation. The median value of length of stay in the hospital (10.0 days) and all-cause mortality (31.6 %) were higher in cohort 2 as compared to cohort 1 (p<0.05). Discussion:Infections have the ability to trigger systemic inflammation [6]. The interplay between the host system and its response to foreign pathogens can lead to the activation of coagulation pathways. SARS-CoV-2 entry via ACE-2 receptors on endothelial cells is likely associated with endothelial dysfunction. This endotheliopathy plays a significant role in COVID-19 related microcirculatory changes [7]. Severe COVID-19, a hyperinflammatory state, is marked by elevated inflammatory markers including D-dimer, ferritin, IL-6, LDH, and CRP levels. Elevated D-dimer levels have been correlated with disease severity and poor outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 [8]. The incidence of VTE and pulmonary embolism among COVID-19 ICU patients was higher in a study from France [9]. The patient population who received the escalated dose of LMWH in our study either had SIC score ≥ 4 or D-dimer ≥ 2.2 (FEU). This data indicated that the median value of peak inflammatory markers in cohort 1 was lower (p<0.05) when compared to cohort 2. Patients in cohort 2 were sicker than cohort 1, as evidenced by a statistically significant longer length of hospital stay and a higher rate of ICU admission. However, the potential dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of LMWH was not observed. Additional studies evaluating comorbidities and disease severity in both cohorts may yield different results. Conclusion:Aside from the known anticoagulant benefit of LMWH, there was no additional anti-inflammatory role with higher doses (1mg/kg/subcutaneously every 12 hours) of LMWH. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19: potential role of RAGE, HMGB-1, GFAP and COX-2 in disease severity

2022 ◽  
pp. 108502
Author(s):  
Fabiolla Rocha Santos Passos ◽  
Luana Heimfarth ◽  
Brenda Souza Monteiro ◽  
Cristiane Bani Corrêa ◽  
Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cox 2

scholarly journals The Use of Procalcitonin as an Antimicrobial Stewardship Tool and a Predictor of Disease Severity in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P Drewett ◽  
Olivia C Smibert ◽  
Natasha E Holmes ◽  
Jason A Trubiano
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Oxygen Requirement

AbstractIn our study, procalcitonin was associated with both antibiotic use and duration in patients with COVID-19, as well as established biochemical markers of COVID-19 disease severity and oxygen requirement, suggesting a potential role for procalcitonin in COVID-19 antimicrobial stewardship.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Fungal Co-Infections in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients, with a Focus on Immunosuppressants

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Obinna T. Ezeokoli ◽  
Onele Gcilitshana ◽  
Carolina H. Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Secondary Infections

Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) managed in the intensive care unit are prone to complications, including secondary infections with opportunistic fungal pathogens. Systemic fungal co-infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients may exacerbate COVID-19 disease severity, hamper treatment effectiveness and increase mortality. Here, we reiterate the role of fungal co-infections in exacerbating COVID-19 disease severity as well as highlight emerging trends related to fungal disease burden in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we provide perspectives on the risk factors for fungal co-infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and highlight the potential role of prolonged immunomodulatory treatments in driving fungal co-infections, including COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), COVID-19-associated candidiasis (CAC) and mucormycosis. We reiterate the need for early diagnosis of suspected COVID-19-associated systemic mycoses in the hospital setting.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

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