scholarly journals Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed I. Osman ◽  
Neha Mehta ◽  
Ahmed M. Elgarahy ◽  
Mahmoud Hefny ◽  
Amer Al-Hinai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Peak Energy ◽  
Salt Caverns

AbstractDihydrogen (H2), commonly named ‘hydrogen’, is increasingly recognised as a clean and reliable energy vector for decarbonisation and defossilisation by various sectors. The global hydrogen demand is projected to increase from 70 million tonnes in 2019 to 120 million tonnes by 2024. Hydrogen development should also meet the seventh goal of ‘affordable and clean energy’ of the United Nations. Here we review hydrogen production and life cycle analysis, hydrogen geological storage and hydrogen utilisation. Hydrogen is produced by water electrolysis, steam methane reforming, methane pyrolysis and coal gasification. We compare the environmental impact of hydrogen production routes by life cycle analysis. Hydrogen is used in power systems, transportation, hydrocarbon and ammonia production, and metallugical industries. Overall, combining electrolysis-generated hydrogen with hydrogen storage in underground porous media such as geological reservoirs and salt caverns is well suited for shifting excess off-peak energy to meet dispatchable on-peak demand.

A Life Cycle Analysis of Hydrogen Production for Buildings and Vehicles

2005 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Tupper ◽  
Jan F Kreider
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Plant Construction ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Life Cycle Stages

AbstractAspects of the hydrogen economy are addressed by quantifying impacts and costs associated with a hydrogen-based energy infrastructure. It is recommended that hydrogen (H2) is produced from Solar Thermochemical (STC) Cycles and Wind Electrolysis, with the possible use of Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) to aid in the creation of a hydrogen infrastructure. Despite high impact assessment results from SimaPro, the external costs associated with Biomass gasification are shown to be comparable with those for Wind Electrolysis. Thus, biomass-produced hydrogen could also be a viable alternative, especially in areas ideally suited to the growth of energy crops. Finally, the most influential life cycle stages are the Construction of the FCV and Hydrogen Production (except for the environmentally benign wind electrolysis). For the Wind/Electrolysis case, the majority of impacts come from plant construction.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Costing Analysis: Tools and Applications for Determining Hydrogen Production Cost for Fuel Cell Vehicle Technology

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Khzouz ◽  
Evangelos Gkanas ◽  
Jia Shao ◽  
Farooq Sher ◽  
Dmytro Beherskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Life Cycle Costing ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Costing Analysis

This work investigates life cycle costing analysis as a tool to estimate the cost of hydrogen to be used as fuel for Hydrogen Fuel Cell vehicles (HFCVs). The method of life cycle costing and economic data are considered to estimate the cost of hydrogen for centralised and decentralised production processes. In the current study, two major hydrogen production methods are considered, methane reforming and water electrolysis. The costing frameworks are defined for hydrogen production, transportation and final application. The results show that hydrogen production via centralised methane reforming is financially viable for future transport applications. The ownership cost of HFCVs shows the highest cost among other costs of life cycle analysis.

scholarly journals Hydrogen production from ethanol in nitrogen microwave plasma at atmospheric pressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Hrycak ◽  
Dariusz Czylkowski ◽  
Robert Miotk ◽  
Miroslaw Dors ◽  
Mariusz Jasinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Promising Alternative

AbstractHydrogen seems to be one of the most promising alternative energy sources. It is a renewable fuel as it could be produced from e.g. waste or bio-ethanol. Furthermore hydrogen is compatible with fuel cells and is environmentally clean. In contrast to conventional methods of hydrogen production such as water electrolysis or coal gasification we propose a method based on atmospheric pressure microwave plasma. In this paper we present results of the experimental investigations of hydrogen production from ethanol in the atmospheric pressure plasma generated in waveguide-supplied cylindrical type nozzleless microwave (2.45 GHz) plasma source (MPS). Nitrogen was used as a working gas. All experimental tests were performed with the nitrogen flow rate Q ranged from 1500 to 3900 NL h

Comparative Analysis of Advanced H2/Air Cycle Power Plants Based on Different Hydrogen Production Systems From Fossil Fuels

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gambini ◽  
M. Vellini
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane

In this paper two options for H2 production by means of fossil fuels are presented, evaluating their performance when integrated with advanced H2/air cycles. The investigation has been developed with reference to two different schemes, representative both of consolidated technology (combined cycle power plants) and of innovative technology (a new advance mixed cycle, named AMC). The two methods, here considered, to produce H2 are: • coal gasification: it permits transformation of a solid fuel into a gaseous one, by means of partial combustion reactions; • steam-methane reforming: it is the simplest and potentially the most economic method for producing hydrogen in the foreseeable future. These hydrogen production plants require material and energy integrations with the power section, and the best connections must be investigated in order to obtain good overall performance. The main results of the performed investigation are quite variable among the different H2 production options here considered: for example the efficiency value is over 34% for power plants coupled with coal decarbonization system, while it is in a range of 45–48% for power plants coupled with natural gas decarbonization. These differences are similar to those attainable by advanced combined cycle power plants fuelled by natural gas (traditional CC) and coal (IGCC). In other words, the decarbonization of different fossil fuels involves the same efficiency penalty related to the use of different fossil fuel in advanced cycle power plants (from CC to IGCC for example). The CO2 specific emissions depend on the fossil fuel type and the overall efficiency: adopting a removal efficiency of 90% in the CO2 absorption systems, the CO2 emission reduction is 87% and 82% in the coal gasification and in the steam-methane reforming respectively.

scholarly journals Life-cycle analysis results for geothermal systems in comparison to other power systems: Part II.

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Sullivan ◽  
C.E. Clark ◽  
L. Yuan ◽  
J. Han ◽  
M. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Geothermal Systems

Life Cycle Analysis of Emissions from Electric and Gasoline Vehicles in Different Regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Romejko ◽  
◽  
Masaru Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered a promising technology to mitigate air pollution and resource depletion problems. The emissions from the manufacturing process can cause severe health problems like chronic asthma and even death. Automakers and policy makers need to investigate the lifecycle emissions of EVs in different regions and then governments should decide if it is safe to establish EV production facilities in their country or whether it is more appropriate to import finished products. The objective of this study is to evaluate the air pollutant emissions produced by EVs and gasoline vehicles (GVs) during their life cycles under two technology scenarios. Life cycle analysis (LCA) was applied to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) and non-GHG emissions. We assessed air pollution from vehicles in Japan, China, and the United Kingdom (UK). Results indicate that EVs do not necessarily decrease pollutant emissions. EVs can improve air quality and reduce emissions in countries where electricity is derived from clean energy resources.

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