scholarly journals Maternal–Fetal Surgery: Does Recognising Fetal Patienthood Pose a Threat to Pregnant Women’s Autonomy?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunja Begović
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Fetal Surgery ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Women’S Autonomy ◽  
Women's Autonomy ◽  
Gradual Introduction ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMaternal–fetal surgery (MFS) encompasses a range of innovative procedures aiming to treat fetal illnesses and anomalies during pregnancy. Their development and gradual introduction into healthcare raise important ethical issues concerning respect for pregnant women’s bodily integrity and autonomy. This paper asks what kind of ethical framework should be employed to best regulate the practice of MFS without eroding the hard-won rights of pregnant women. I examine some existing models conceptualising the relationship between a pregnant woman and the fetus to determine what kind of framework is the most adequate for MFS, and conclude that an ecosystem or maternal–fetal dyad model is best suited for upholding women’s autonomy. However, I suggest that an appropriate framework needs to incorporate some notion of fetal patienthood, albeit a very limited one, in order to be consistent with the views of healthcare providers and their pregnant patients. I argue that such an ethical framework is both theoretically sound and fundamentally respectful of women’s autonomy, and is thus best suited to protect women from coercion or undue paternalism when deciding whether to undergo MFS.

scholarly journals Does work influence women’s autonomy or does autonomy deliberate women to work?

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 10013
Author(s):  
Ruskin Ristiana ◽  
Dwini Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Women's Work ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Women’S Autonomy ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Women's Autonomy ◽  
Women’S Work ◽  
Causal Direction ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Work, especially paid work, has been assumed to enhance women’s autonomy, particularly their household autonomy. However, this assumption does not work in one causal direction. The causality relationship works both ways, that women work due to their high level of autonomy, but also because their employment status will increase their autonomy. The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between women’s work status and their household autonomy. This study used data from the Indonesian Demography and Health Survey 2012, together with a multinomial logistic regression analysis on married women’s work status and autonomy as dependent and independent variables, respectively. It was found that work status influences married women’s household autonomy and vice versa. However, the direction and strength of the influence depend on the type of work status and autonomy.

Ethical Issues in the Prevention of Suicide in Prison

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Bell
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Ethical Evaluation ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
Suitable Framework ◽  
Suicidal Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Psychiatric Power

Objective: The aim of this paper is to discuss ethical issues that arise in the care of suicidal patients within a prison context. Such a discussion provides a suitable framework for exploration of the broader question of how coercion may be exercised by psychiatrists in a morally justifiable, as opposed to abusive, manner. Method: Literature relevant to the abuse of psychiatric power is reviewed. The means for immediate containment of highly suicidal patients in certain prison contexts is described and the paucity of relevant empirical research literature relating to this is identified. A framework is proposed to assist clinicians in making an ethical evaluation of coercive interventions that is applicable not only in the prevention of prisoner suicide, but also in the practice of psychiatry as a whole. Results: Due regard for the moral dimensions of the relationship between psychiatrist and prisoner has the potential to radically transform the way the exercise of power is subjectively experienced by each of them. Conclusion: Coercion can be exercised by psychiatrists within an ethical framework which is not abusive. There will always be a risk that coercion will become an unhealthy habit of life within which the psychiatrist feels too comfortable.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of The Effect of Women's Autonomy on Fertility in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Putricia Synthesa
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Women’S Autonomy ◽  
Women's Autonomy ◽  
Female Autonomy ◽  
The Relationship

Gender equality which has become one of the national development goals is often described by the degree of women's autonomy. The absence of the RPJMN target in terms of fertility rates in Indonesia could be due to the current low autonomy of women. The purpose of this study is to determine the spatial analysis of the relationship between women's autonomy and fertility at the provincial level and to determine the effect of women's autonomy on fertility in Indonesia. The analysis method used in this research is the spatial analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. The spatial analysis will describe spatially the relationship between women's autonomy and fertility based on 34 provinces in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the logistic regression analysis will look at the influence of the female autonomy variable on fertility in Indonesia. The results of the spatial analysis show that most provinces in Indonesia still have high fertility rates and this pattern is followed by low women's autonomy. Meanwhile, the results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that 7 out of 11 independent variables consisting of female autonomy variables and other control variables significantly affected fertility. Where the independent variables that describe women's autonomy affect on fertility in Indonesia. So that increasing women's autonomy needs to be built in terms of supporting population control.

WOMEN’S AUTONOMY AND REPRODUCTIVE PREFERENCES IN ERITREA

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEBREMARIAM WOLDEMICAEL
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Women’S Autonomy ◽  
Fertility Preferences ◽  
Women's Autonomy ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryCurrent research and policies on reproductive behaviours in many East African countries focus primarily on proxy indicators of women’s autonomy, and very little emphasis is placed on direct indicators of women’s autonomy. In this paper, data from the 2002 Eritrea Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) are used to address some of the most frequently raised questions about the link between women’s autonomy and reproductive behaviour. The results from the multivariate logistic models show that although the relationship between women’s autonomy and reproductive preferences in Eritrea is complex, some clear, broad patterns exist that have implications for theory and policy. First, although the different dimensions of women’s autonomy influence the outcome variables differently in terms of magnitude and statistical significance, most of them have a strong connection; in particular, women’s final say in decisions regarding day-to-day household purchases and spousal communication are significant explanatory variables in fertility preferences and ever-use of modern contraception. Second, many background (proxy) variables, particularly household economic condition and employment, exert a strong and independent influence over fertility preferences and ever-use of contraception regardless of a woman’s autonomy. In their relationship to reproductive behaviours, therefore, employment and economic status cannot be considered as proxies for women’s autonomy in Eritrea. A complete explanation of the relationship between women’s autonomy and reproductive preferences must recognize the effects of both the background and direct autonomy indicators. Interventions are needed to improve women’s decision-making autonomy and strengthen their negotiating capacity on family planning if an increased desire to limit fertility is to be attained.

Editor’s Pick: Regulatory and Ethical Issues in the New Era of Radiomics and Radiogenomics

EMJ Radiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Pesapane
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
New Era ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Radiomics is a science that investigates a large number of features from medical images using data-characterisation algorithms, with the aim to analyse disease characteristics that are indistinguishable to the naked eye. Radiogenomics attempts to establish and examine the relationship between tumour genomic characteristics and their radiologic appearance. Although there is certainly a lot to learn from these relationships, one could ask the question: what is the practical significance of radiogenomic discoveries? This increasing interest in such applications inevitably raises numerous legal and ethical questions. In an environment such as the technology field, which changes quickly and unpredictably, regulations need to be timely in order to be relevant.  In this paper, issues that must be solved to make the future applications of this innovative technology safe and useful are analysed.

Moving Towards Routine Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT): Challenges Related to Women’s Autonomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Birko ◽  
◽  
Marie-Eve Lemoine ◽  
Minh Thu Nguyen ◽  
Vardit Ravitsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Women’S Autonomy ◽  
Women's Autonomy ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Ethical Issues in Consent for the Reuse of Data in Health Data Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex McKeown ◽  
Miranda Mourby ◽  
Paul Harrison ◽  
Sophie Walker ◽  
Mark Sheehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Data Reuse ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractData platforms represent a new paradigm for carrying out health research. In the platform model, datasets are pooled for remote access and analysis, so novel insights for developing better stratified and/or personalised medicine approaches can be derived from their integration. If the integration of diverse datasets enables development of more accurate risk indicators, prognostic factors, or better treatments and interventions, this obviates the need for the sharing and reuse of data; and a platform-based approach is an appropriate model for facilitating this. Platform-based approaches thus require new thinking about consent. Here we defend an approach to meeting this challenge within the data platform model, grounded in: the notion of ‘reasonable expectations’ for the reuse of data; Waldron’s account of ‘integrity’ as a heuristic for managing disagreement about the ethical permissibility of the approach; and the element of the social contract that emphasises the importance of public engagement in embedding new norms of research consistent with changing technological realities. While a social contract approach may sound appealing, however, it is incoherent in the context at hand. We defend a way forward guided by that part of the social contract which requires public approval for the proposal and argue that we have moral reasons to endorse a wider presumption of data reuse. However, we show that the relationship in question is not recognisably contractual and that the social contract approach is therefore misleading in this context. We conclude stating four requirements on which the legitimacy of our proposal rests.

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