scholarly journals A review: iron and nutrient supply in the subarctic Pacific and its impact on phytoplankton production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Nishioka ◽  
Hajime Obata ◽  
Toru Hirawake ◽  
Yoshiko Kondo ◽  
Youhei Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Atmospheric Dust ◽  
Biological Production ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Subarctic Pacific ◽  
Oceanographic Research ◽  
High Nutrient

AbstractOne of the most important breakthroughs in oceanography in the last 30 years was the discovery that iron (Fe) controls biological production as a micronutrient, and our understanding of Fe and nutrient biogeochemical dynamics in the ocean has significantly advanced. In this review, we looked back both previous and updated knowledge of the natural Fe supply processes and nutrient dynamics in the subarctic Pacific and its impact on biological production. Although atmospheric dust has been considered to be the most important source of Fe affecting biological production in the subarctic Pacific, other oceanic sources of Fe have been discovered. We propose a coherent explanation for the biological response in subarctic Pacific high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) waters that incorporates knowledge of both the atmospheric Fe supplies and the oceanic Fe supplies. Finally, we extract future directions for Fe oceanographic research in the subarctic Pacific and summarize the uncertain issues identified thus far.

Influence of increased nutrient supply on Microcystis aeruginosa at cellular and proteomic levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Y Jiang ◽  
Y Liu
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Proteomic Responses

Various studies have observed that increased nutrient supply promotes the growth of bloom-forming cyanobacteria, but only a limited number of studies have investigated the influence of increased nutrient supply on bloom-forming cyanobacteria at the proteomic level. We investigated the cellular and proteomic responses of Microcystis aeruginosa to elevated nitrogen and phosphorus supply. Increased supply of both nutrients significantly promoted the growth of M. aeruginosa and the synthesis of chlorophyll a, protein, and microcystins. The release of microcystins and the synthesis of polysaccharides negatively correlated with the growth of M. aeruginosa under high nutrient levels. Overexpressed proteins related to photosynthesis, and amino acid synthesis, were responsible for the stimulatory effects of increased nutrient supply in M. aeruginosa. Increased nitrogen supply directly promoted cyanobacterial growth by inducing the overexpression of the cell division regulatory protein FtsZ. NtcA, that regulates gene transcription related to both nitrogen assimilation and microcystin synthesis, was overexpressed under the high nitrogen condition, which consequently induced overexpression of 2 microcystin synthetases (McyC and McyF) and promoted microcystin synthesis. Elevated nitrogen supply induced the overexpression of proteins involved in gas vesicle organization (GvpC and GvpW), which may increase the buoyancy of M. aeruginosa. Increased phosphorus level indirectly affected growth and the synthesis of cellular substances in M. aeruginosa through the mediation of differentially expressed proteins related to carbon and phosphorus metabolism. This study provides a comprehensive description of changes in the proteome of M. aeruginosa in response to an increased supply of 2 key nutrients.

scholarly journals Equatorial Pacific peak in biological production regulated by nutrient and upwelling during the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene cooling

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5535-5554
Author(s):  
J. Etourneau ◽  
R. S. Robinson ◽  
P. Martinez ◽  
R. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Export Production ◽  
Eastern Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Nutrient Consumption ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
High Nutrient Supply

Abstract. The largest increase in export production in the eastern Pacific of the last 5.3 Myr (million years) occurred between 2.2 and 1.6 Myr, a time of major climatic and oceanographic reorganization in the region. Here, we investigate the causes of this event using reconstructions of export production, nutrient supply and oceanic conditions across the Pliocene-Pleistocene in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) for the last 3.2 Myr. Our results indicate that the export production peak corresponds to a cold interval marked by high nutrient supply relative to consumption, as revealed by the low bulk sedimentary 15N/14N (δ15N) and alkenone-derived sea surface temperature (SST) values. This ~ 0.6 million years long episode of enhanced delivery of nutrients to the surface of the EEP was predominantly initiated through the upwelling of nutrient-enriched water sourced in high latitudes. In addition, this phenomenon was likely promoted by the regional intensification of upwelling in response to the development of intense Walker and Hadley atmospheric circulations. Increased nutrient consumption in the polar oceans and enhanced denitrification in the equatorial regions restrained nutrient supply and availability and terminated the high export production event.

Low soil temperature reduces the positive effects of high nutrient supply on the growth and biomass of white birch seedlings in ambient and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 905-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titus Fondo Ambebe ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang ◽  
Jacob Marfo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Stem Biomass ◽  
Leaf Mass Ratio ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
High Nutrient Supply

To investigate the interactive effects of soil temperature (Tsoil) and nutrient supply on the responses of growth and biomass of white birch ( Betula papyrifera Marsh.) to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), seedlings were grown under two [CO2] (360 and 720 µmol·mol–1), three Tsoil (5, 15, and 25 °C initially, increased to 7, 17, and 27 °C one month later), and three nutrient regimes (Low: N–P–K = 4:1.8:3.3 mg·L–1; Intermediate: N–P–K = 80:35:66 mg·L–1; and High: N–P–K = 160:70:132 mg·L–1) for 4 months. Low Tsoil reduced leaf and total biomass at high nutrient supply and root biomass at intermediate and high nutrient supply. There were significant three-factor interactive effects on root collar diameter (RCD), stem biomass, and leaf mass ratio. Low Tsoil reduced RCD at high nutrient supply and stem biomass at intermediate and high nutrient supply in elevated [CO2] while intermediate and high Tsoil enhanced them. Values of leaf mass ratio were lowest at low Tsoil and low nutrient supply in elevated [CO2]. The effect of Tsoil was generally insignificant at low nutrient supply, but the responses of growth and biomass remained significantly higher under high than low nutrient supply at all Tsoil.

Sustained High Nutrient Supply As an Allelopathic Trigger between Periphytic Biofilm and Microcystis aeruginosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (17) ◽  
pp. 9614-9623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghong Wu ◽  
Jun Tang ◽  
Junzhuo Liu ◽  
Bruce Graham ◽  
Philip G. Kerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Periphytic Biofilm ◽  
High Nutrient Supply

Effects of N:P Ratio and Nutrient Level on the Competition between Invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and Native Oenanthe javanica

2012 ◽  
Vol 534 ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Ying Chang ◽  
Ren Qing Wang ◽  
Yi Ran Zhang ◽  
Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Morphological And Physiological Traits ◽  
Oenanthe Javanica ◽  
High Nutrient Supply

This study examined the effects of N:P ratio and nutrient level on the competition between invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and native Oenanthe javanica in terms of morphological and physiological traits and the relative dominance index (RDI). In the experiment, A. philoxeroides was grown in mixture with O. javanica at three N:P supply ratios (1,10,100) combined with three levels of nutrient supply. The results suggested that the morphological and physiological traits of invasive and native species were both significantly affected by N:P ratio and nutrient supply level. The total biomass of both species was maximal under the treatment of lowest N:P ratio and highest nutrient supply, and A. philoxeroides had higher total biomass than O. javanica in every treatment. A. philoxeroides had higher plasticity than O. javanica on total biomass, R/S, SLA, which had sensitive response to the changing nutrient conditions. Meanwhile, the RDI of A. philoxeroides under high nutrient supply was higher than that under low nutrient supply, which showed that high nutrient supply could promote the invasion of A. philoxeroides while P-limitation (high N:P ratio) may prevent the successful invasion of A. philoxeroides under the lower nutrient supply.

scholarly journals The effect of potassium fertilization on the inner values of spice pepper

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Irinyi ◽  
J. Kapitány ◽  
I. Terbe
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Better Than

To reserve the fertility of soil is the basic condition of successful cultivation. The field specific nutrient supply, based on soil tests is very important in both economy and ecology aspects. Spice pepper plants have high nutrient demands. Proper nutrient supply has importance not only from the point of potential yield levels, but make a major contribution to quality. This is the reason which necessitates the rational development of nutrient supply as an the elements of the production technology. Our objective was to offer a contribution to this job through our nutrient trials. Experiments on the nutrient supply of spice pepper were set up in the 2005 growing season in order to decide whether yields and fruit composition parameters of pepper could be increased by means of increased K fertiliser closes with lower N:K ratios. Several forms of potassium were used, as well as applying microelement top dressings in the single treatments. It was found that higher K doses lead to increased yields, and the influence on dry matter and pigment content proved beneficial too. Potassium applied in the form of patentkali seemed to be better than in that of potassium-sulphate.

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