Tropical cyclone early warnings for the regions of the Southern Hemisphere: strengthening resilience to tropical cyclones in small island developing states and least developed countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 1295-1313
Author(s):  
Yuriy Kuleshov ◽  
Paul Gregory ◽  
Andrew B. Watkins ◽  
Robert J. B. Fawcett
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Small Island Developing States ◽  
Early Warnings

scholarly journals Estimating Infrastructure Financing Needs in the Asia-Pacific Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries, and Small Island Developing States

Economies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Branchoux ◽  
Lin Fang ◽  
Yusuke Tateno
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Small Island Developing States

To assist with the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, this paper develops a framework to estimate infrastructure financing needs of the Asia-Pacific least developed countries (LDCs), landlocked developing countries (LLDCs), and small island developing States (SIDS) by 2030. The framework takes into account the financing required to close existing infrastructure gaps, keep up with growing demands for new infrastructure, maintain existing infrastructure, and mitigate the vulnerability of infrastructure to climate-related risks. Based on a panel of 71 developing economies from 1990 to 2015 and the application of unit costs to the level of physical infrastructure stock projected to 2030, the required resources are estimated to amount to 8.1% of GDP per annum on weighted average, which exceeds current levels of infrastructure funding of 5–7% of GDP. The paper finds that a large proportion of financing needs in LDCs and SIDS arises from the current infrastructure shortages, particularly in the transport and energy sector, implying that provision of universal access to basic infrastructure services would require large outlays of resources. The results also suggest that LLDCs and some SIDS require over one-third of their spending to be allocated to maintenance and replacement of existing assets, while those in low-lying coastal areas face substantial long-run costs in improving infrastructure to mitigate climate change and protect them against loss and damages caused by extreme weather events. Meeting future infrastructure financing needs will require greater engagement of the private sector and other global and regional initiatives to ensure that sufficient resources can be raised for investment in infrastructure.

Promoting Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) in Small Island Developing States (SIDS)

2013 ◽  
pp. 403-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everson J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Island Developing States ◽  
Small Project ◽  
Local Construction ◽  
Quality Design ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Eastern Caribbean

A sustainable development path is critical to most small island developing states, which are often environmentally fragile and have little natural resources. For decades, the small Grenadine islands in the Eastern Caribbean have depended on rainwater harvesting (RWH) for water supply. The RWH systems have improved from the use of household drums and communal cisterns to individual cisterns such that water per capita use at some households is at a similar level to that of developed countries. This improvement was brought about through self-financed projects and the use of local construction know-how. A small project to promote RWH in Green St. Vincent was reviewed to procure an appreciation of the diffusion process. The RWH experiences in these islands as they relate to quality, design, and cost can be relevant to the regional efforts of promoting RWH. The chapter proposes a framework for enhancing the promotion of RWH. The chapter recognizes the importance of RWH in disaster management in the islands.

Promoting Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) in Small Island Developing States (SIDS)

2013 ◽  
pp. 1657-1682
Author(s):  
Everson J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Island Developing States ◽  
Small Project ◽  
Local Construction ◽  
Quality Design ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Eastern Caribbean

A sustainable development path is critical to most small island developing states, which are often environmentally fragile and have little natural resources. For decades, the small Grenadine islands in the Eastern Caribbean have depended on rainwater harvesting (RWH) for water supply. The RWH systems have improved from the use of household drums and communal cisterns to individual cisterns such that water per capita use at some households is at a similar level to that of developed countries. This improvement was brought about through self-financed projects and the use of local construction know-how. A small project to promote RWH in Green St. Vincent was reviewed to procure an appreciation of the diffusion process. The RWH experiences in these islands as they relate to quality, design, and cost can be relevant to the regional efforts of promoting RWH. The chapter proposes a framework for enhancing the promotion of RWH. The chapter recognizes the importance of RWH in disaster management in the islands.

Marine Plants as a Sustainable Source of Agri-Fertilizers for Small Island Developing States (SIDS)

2014 ◽  
pp. 280-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine De Ramon N'Yeurt ◽  
Viliamu Iese
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Island Developing States ◽  
Marine Plants ◽  
Marine Plant ◽  
Ecosystem Shift

Climate change is forcing farmers in Small Island Developing States to find novel methods to maintain crop productivity. Past practices using chemical fertilizers and poor waste management severely damaged many coastal areas, leading to an ecosystem shift towards algal dominance. In this chapter, the authors propose an approach to deal with this issue by devising methods which divert excess marine plant biomass into agricultural uses through conversion of the biomass to solid and liquid fertilizers. Seaweed-based fertilizers have already been tried with much success on crops in some developed countries, but these are expensive to import into Pacific Islands. The authors also suggest empowering local communities with the knowledge to convert marine plant biomass into ecologically friendly fertilizers. They will be able to save on the purchase of commercial fertilizers detrimental to the environment, while at the same time reducing the spread of seaweeds on their coral reefs. Farmers' incomes will increase.

scholarly journals Risks, Health Consequences, and Response Challenges for Small-Island-Based Populations: Observations From the 2017 Atlantic Hurricane Season

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Shultz ◽  
James P. Kossin ◽  
J. Marshall Shepherd ◽  
Justine M. Ransdell ◽  
Rory Walshe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Small Island Developing States ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Hurricane Season ◽  
Response And Recovery

ABSTRACTThe intensely active 2017 Atlantic basin hurricane season provided an opportunity to examine how climate drivers, including warming oceans and rising seas, exacerbated tropical cyclone hazards. The season also highlighted the unique vulnerabilities of populations residing on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to the catastrophic potential of these storms. During 2017, 22 of the 29 Caribbean SIDS were affected by at least one named storm, and multiple SIDS experienced extreme damage. This paper aims to review the multiplicity of storm impacts on Caribbean SIDS throughout the 2017 season, to explicate the influences of climate drivers on storm formation and intensity, to explore the propensity of SIDS to sustain severe damage and prolonged disruption of essential services, to document the spectrum of public health consequences, and to delineate the daunting hurdles that challenged emergency response and recovery operations for island-based, disaster-affected populations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:5–17)

scholarly journals Reading Between the Red Lines: Loss and Damage and the Paris Outcome

Climate Law ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 118-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine Burkett
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Island States ◽  
Loss And Damage ◽  
Small Island States ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Red Line

For the least-developed countries and small-island states, excluding a standalone provision for loss and damage in the Paris Agreement constituted a red line, one that the negotiating groups refused to cross. For the developed world—and the United States in particular—any possible pathway to liability and compensation that a loss-and-damage provision might introduce was an equally bright and impassable red line. In the end, negotiators remained steadfast. Both lines remained more or less unbreached, and compromise language emerged in the Paris Outcome.1 This article describes the process leading up to the Outcome, the language included in the loss-and-damage provision and its implications, and identifies questions that remain. In particular, the absence of a clear funding stream, the treatment of climate-related displacement, and questions regarding compensation for climate impacts are not completely resolved. These are, perhaps, the most compelling, confounding, and impactful elements of the loss-and-damage debate thus far. Based on the conclusion of the Paris cop, they are likely continue to animate the loss-and-damage discussion for the foreseeable future.

scholarly journals From the Big Picture to Detailed Observation: The Case of the GEF IEO’s Strategic Country Cluster Evaluations

2022 ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Carlo Carugi ◽  
Anna Viggh
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Global Environment Facility ◽  
Evaluative Inquiry ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Inquiry Approach ◽  
Big Picture

AbstractThis chapter introduces strategic country cluster evaluations (SCCEs), a concrete example of how the Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) has dealt with the increasing complexity of GEF programming. This complexity reflects the interconnectedness—in terms of both synergies and trade-offs—between socioeconomic development priorities and environment conservation imperatives that is typical of many country settings in which GEF projects and programs are implemented, such as least developed countries and small island developing states. SCCEs address this complexity by applying a purposive evaluative inquiry approach that starts from aggregate analyses designed to provide trends and identify cases of positive, neutral, or negative change, and proceeds to in-depth data gathering aimed at identifying the specific factors underlying the observed change in those specific cases. By establishing the interconnectedness and sequencing of the various evaluation components, rather than conducting these in parallel, SCCEs provide an opportunity to focus on a limited set of purposively selected issues that are common in clusters of countries and/or portfolios. This enables a comprehensive understanding of the factors at play in complex national and local settings.

CLASSIFICATION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES INTO THE WORLD ECONOMY

2017 ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Iu. Khvatov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The basic principles that guide the United Nations to allocate specific groups of countries requiring special attention from the international community to the problems of their sustainable development are described. The difference in the scale and structure of aid to the least developed countries; landlocked developing countries; small island developing countries and heavily indebted poor countries is analyzed. The specificity of the approach of the World Trade Organization to the definition of countries with preferential access to the markets and the countries with differential treatment regime is revealed. The criteria that guided the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to identify those developing countries which have the right of access to preferential lending conditions are analyzed. It is proposed to divide all the developing countries on: high-income emerging economies; middle-income frontier economies and least developed countries.

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