Objective and Subjective Variables Behind the Working Conditions of Tertiary-Educated Mexican Migrants in the USA

Author(s):  
Lilia Domínguez Villalobos ◽  
Mónica Laura Vázquez Maggio ◽  
Flor Brown Grossman
1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Osterman

In the USA, with a strong economy and falling unemployment, a large number of firms are still restructuring the workplace, including laying off workers. Coupled with this is a change in the employment relationship, giving some workers opportunities to use their knowledge and skills, while other workers are experiencing a deterioration in their working conditions. This paper, resulting from a survey carried out by the Sloan School of Management, MIT, in 1997, examines the spread of High Performance Work Systems and shows that managers accept that these innovations lead to higher productivity and quality. The survey also shows that workers welcome the higher levels of responsibility these work systems give. However, it also indicates that the balance of power within these firms is shifting away from employees to managers, resulting in higher possibilities of layoff and higher levels of income inequality.


2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Mitchell

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the significance and limitations of ethical shopping in Britain in the period between the 1880s and 1914 and, in particular, the use of white lists as a means of encouraging consumers only to buy goods produced in satisfactory working conditions. Design/methodology/approach – A brief survey of earlier examples of ethical shopping provides the context for a discussion of the published prospectus of the “Consumers” League’. Unpublished records of the Christian Social Union (CSU), supplemented by newspaper reports, are used to examine the rationale for white lists, their creation and effectiveness. Findings – The paper demonstrates that, contrary to what has generally been thought, consumers’ leagues originated in Britain not the USA. The CSU was not ineffective but provided an ethical and religious rationale for consumer activism. It was also responsible for the creation of white lists in several towns and cities in Britain and promoted the concept of preferential buying. CSU activity helped shape public opinion, but sustained improvements to working conditions also required effective trade unions and government intervention. Research limitations/implications – Relatively few CSU branch records survive and this precludes a comprehensive survey of its role in ethical shopping. Originality/value – The British consumer movement in this period has been little studied and often dismissed. By making use of archives, particularly CSU branch records, that have generally been ignored, the paper demonstrates that ethical shopping mattered and deserves more attention. It also highlights the importance of setting this in a wider context, particularly trade unionism and co-operation.


2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-50
Author(s):  
André Rossi de Oliveira ◽  
Rossitza B. Wooster

This paper investigates the economic sector choices of Mexican labor migrants who intended to cross the US border in 2011 using data from the EMIF Norte Border Survey. We identify migrants according to prior work experience and intended sector of work in an effort to determine what demographic and socioeconomic characteristics explain economic sector mobility. We begin by estimating a probit model with sample selection to identify migrant characteristics that explain differences between industry of employment at place of origin and the intended sector of work at their destination. We find that sector mobility is significantly more likely for migrants who are documented and those with higher educational attainment, specifically, spoken English skills. The probability that prior and intended sectors of work coincide is significantly higher for migrants who are male, married, from large households, have family in the USA and earned a higher wage prior to migration. We also estimate a multinomial probit of the choice of sector and find that work sector prior to migration is more likely to match intended sector in the agriculture, construction, transportation and trade industries and significantly less likely to match in the services sector relative to other occupational categories.


2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Sroka

Robert Sroka. Samoregulacja biznesowa w zakresie etyki biznesu firm zachodnich jako odpowiedź na łamanie praw pracowniczych w Chinach [Business self-regulation in terms of business ethics of Western companies as a response to violation of employee rights in China] edited by W. Banach, M.A. Michalski, J. Sójka, „Człowiek i Społeczeństwo” vol. XLVI: Między Chinami a Zachodem. Pytanie o źródła chińskiego sukcesu gospodarczego [Between China and the West. An inquiry into the sources of the Chinese economic miracle], Poznań 2018, pp. 145–158, Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Social Sciences Press. ISSN 0239-3271.Salary that does not meet basic life needs, working conditions that threaten life and health, employing children, forced labor, lack of freedom of association, long hours of work, destroying the environment, widespread corruption is just the beginning of a long list of unethical behaviors of companies in China, as well as Western companies producing in China.Under the pressure of non-governmental organizations and consumer boycotts in Europe and the USA, business self-regulatory initiatives have been created to raise working conditions at Chinese suppliers. The most popular self-regulations initiatives in terms of business ethics are: Ethical Trade Initiative (ETI), Business Social Compliance Initiative (amforiBSCI), Social Accountability 8000 (SA8000), International Council of Toy Industries (ICTI). Conducting research on self-regulation in the field of business ethics of Western companies operating in China, I analyze three issues. The first is to describe the source of the need to apply such self-regulatory initiatives, which is the outsourcing business strategy. The second element is to define the minimum rules that are broken due to the use of an outsourcing strategy. The third point of consideration is the presentation of the self-regulatory initiatives.


1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Massey ◽  
Emilio Parrado
Keyword(s):  

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Ivan Cheberiachko ◽  
Yuriy Cheberiachko ◽  
Andrii Yavorskyi

Requirements concerning the selection of filtering respirators according to ЕN 529:2006 European standard have been analyzed; the requirements have been compared with the national recommendations given in the corresponding ДНАОП 0.00-1.04-07 normative act on labour protection. It has been determined that the protective efficiency of the respiratory protective devices is characterized by three various parameters characterizing the coefficient of protection – two of them are determined at the working place. However, adequate selection of a filtering respirator is tested in terms of nominal coefficient of protection being determined in a laboratory. Such an approach may result in certain errors due to the set of various factors being available under working conditions. It is proposed to use the value of the expected coefficient of protection determined in the USA being equal to 10 MAC while selecting a filtering respirator. Recommendations are given as for the improvement of respiratory protection of a worker under operational conditions.


2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Danson ◽  
Birgit Jentsch

This paper analyses the neglected labour market experiences of international migrants to non-metropolitan areas, mainly drawing on the evidence of a large, cross-national research project on immigration, as well as on other available research evidence. By examining migrants’ employment experiences in four different countries – Canada, the USA, Ireland and Scotland – we are able to discuss key themes and consider them from a comparative perspective. The focus here is on the frequent occurrence of different forms of underemployment of rural migrants; issues around pay and working conditions; and the importance of welcoming communities.


Author(s):  
Paul K Henneberger ◽  
Laura M Kurth ◽  
Brent Doney ◽  
Xiaoming Liang ◽  
Eva Andersson

Abstract Introduction Existing asthma-specific job-exposure matrices (JEMs) do not necessarily reflect current working conditions in the USA and do not directly function with occupational coding systems commonly used in the USA. We initiated a project to modify an existing JEM to address these limitations, and to apply the new JEM to the entire US employed population to estimate quantitatively the extent of probable work-related asthma exposures nationwide. Methods We started with an asthma-specific JEM that was developed for northern Europe (the N-JEM) and modified it to function with the 2010 US Standard Occupational Classification (SOC-2010) codes and to reflect working conditions in the USA during the post-2000 period. This involved cross walking from the 1988 International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88) codes used in the N-JEM to the SOC-2010 codes, transferring the N-JEM exposure assignments to the SOC-2010 codes, and modifying those assignments to reflect working conditions in the USA. The new US asthma JEM (USA-JEM) assigns exposures to 19 agents organized into five categories. The USA-JEM and N-JEM were applied to the same sample of working adults with asthma to compare how they performed, and the USA-JEM was also applied to the entire 2015 US working population to estimate the extent of occupational asthma exposures nationally. Results The USA-JEM assigns at least one asthma-related probable exposure to 47.5% and at least one possible exposure to 14.9% of the 840 SOC-2010 detailed occupations, and 9.0% of the occupations have both probable exposure to at least one agent and possible exposure to at least one other agent. The USA-JEM has greater sensitivity for cleaning products, highly reactive disinfectants and sterilants, and irritant peak exposures than the N-JEM. When applied to the entire 2015 US working population, the USA-JEM determined that 42.6% of workers had probable exposure to at least one type of occupational asthma agent. Discussion A new asthma-specific JEM for application in the USA was developed. Additional work is needed to compare its performance to similar JEMs and, if possible, to exposure assessments generated on a case-by-case basis.


2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A16-A16 ◽  
Author(s):  
N VAKIL ◽  
S TREML ◽  
M SHAW ◽  
R KIRBY

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