GIS-based employment availabilities by mode of transport in Kuwait

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharaf AlKheder ◽  
Waleed Abdullah ◽  
Hussain Al Sayegh
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Transport

Taxi! The Modern Taxicab as Feminist Heterotopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-232
Author(s):  
Anne E. Fernald
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Male Gaze ◽  
Real Place ◽  
Critical Relation ◽  
Transitional Mode ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Woman's Body

The taxicab operated as a crucial transitional mode of transport for bourgeois women, allowing them maximum power as spectators when it was still brave for a woman to be a pedestrian. The writings of Virginia Woolf, which so often depict bourgeois women coping with modernity, form the chief context in which to explore the role of the taxicab in liberating the modern woman. The taxi itself, clumsy and ungendered, encases a woman's body and protects her from the male gaze. At the same time, a woman in a taxi can look out upon the street or freely ignore it. As such, the taxi is a type of heterotopia: a real place but one which functions outside of and in a critical relation to, the norms of the rest of the community.

Light Railways as the Basic for Transport Infrastructure Development in Northern Territories of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
P.I. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Mode Of Transport

Research objective: studies of economic and transport infrastructure development in the Arctic and Northern Territories of Russia. Research methodology: analysis of transport infrastructure in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the types of railways used in Russia. Results: economic development of any region is proportional to the development of the road transport infrastructure and logistics. When a conventional railway is operated in the Arctic conditions, it is not always possible to maintain a cargo turnover that would ensure its efficient use, and transshipment from one mode of transport to another is very problematic. A new type of railway is proposed, i.e. a light railway. Conclusions: the proposed new type of transport offers all the main advantages of narrow gauge railroads (high speed of construction, efficiency, etc.) and helps to eliminate their main disadvantage, i.e. the need for transloading when moving from a narrow gauge to the conventional one with the width of 1520 mm, along with a significant reduction in capital costs.

The Pulse of Urban Transport: Exploring the Co-evolving Pattern for Spatio-temporal Forecasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Jinliang Deng ◽  
Xiusi Chen ◽  
Zipei Fan ◽  
Renhe Jiang ◽  
Xuan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Transportation Demand ◽  
Demand Information ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Pattern Information

Transportation demand forecasting is a topic of large practical value. However, the model that fits the demand of one transportation by only considering the historical data of its own could be vulnerable since random fluctuations could easily impact the modeling. On the other hand, common factors like time and region attribute, drive the evolution demand of different transportation, leading to a co-evolving intrinsic property between different kinds of transportation. In this work, we focus on exploring the co-evolution between different modes of transport, e.g., taxi demand and shared-bike demand. Two significant challenges impede the discovery of the co-evolving pattern: (1) diversity of the co-evolving correlation, which varies from region to region and time to time. (2) Multi-modal data fusion. Taxi demand and shared-bike demand are time-series data, which have different representations with the external factors. Moreover, the distribution of taxi demand and bike demand are not identical. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel method, known as co-evolving spatial temporal neural network (CEST). CEST learns a multi-view demand representation for each mode of transport, extracts the co-evolving pattern, then predicts the demand for the target transportation based on multi-scale representation, which includes fine-scale demand information and coarse-scale pattern information. We conduct extensive experiments to validate the superiority of our model over the state-of-art models.

scholarly journals E-bike user groups and substitution effects: evidence from longitudinal travel data in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathijs de Haas ◽  
Maarten Kroesen ◽  
Caspar Chorus ◽  
Sascha Hoogendoorn-Lanser ◽  
Serge Hoogendoorn
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mode Of Transport

AbstractIn recent years, the e-bike has become increasingly popular in many European countries. With higher speeds and less effort needed, the e-bike is a promising mode of transport to many, and it is considered a good alternative for certain car trips by policy-makers and planners. A major limitation of many studies that investigate such substitution effects of the e-bike, is their reliance on cross-sectional data which do not allow an assessment of within-person travel mode changes. As a consequence, there is currently no consensus about the e-bike’s potential to replace car trips. Furthermore, there has been little research focusing on heterogeneity among e-bike users. In this respect, it is likely that different groups exist that use the e-bike for different reasons (e.g. leisure vs commute travel), something which will also influence possible substitution patterns. This paper contributes to the literature in two ways: (1) it presents a statistical analysis to assess the extent to which e-bike trips are substituting trips by other travel modes based on longitudinal data; (2) it reveals different user groups among the e-bike population. A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model is estimated using five waves of data from the Netherlands Mobility Panel. Furthermore, a Latent Class Analysis is performed using data from the Dutch national travel survey. Results show that, when using longitudinal data, the substitution effects between e-bike and the competing travel modes of car and public transport are not as significant as reported in earlier research. In general, e-bike trips only significantly reduce conventional bicycle trips in the Netherlands, which can be regarded an unwanted effect from a policy-viewpoint. For commuting, the e-bike also substitutes car trips. Furthermore, results show that there are five different user groups with their own distinct behaviour patterns and socio-demographic characteristics. They also show that groups that use the e-bike primarily for commuting or education are growing at a much higher rate than groups that mainly use the e-bike for leisure and shopping purposes.

scholarly journals Bicycle Speed Modelling Considering Cyclist Characteristics, Vehicle Type and Track Attributes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Xingchen Yan ◽  
Xiaofei Ye ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Criterion ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Generalized Extreme Value ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Lane Width ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Best Fit

Cycling is an increasingly popular mode of transport as part of the response to air pollution, urban congestion, and public health issues. The emergence of bike sharing programs and electric bicycles have also brought about notable changes in cycling characteristics, especially cycling speed. In order to provide a better basis for bicycle-related traffic simulations and theoretical derivations, the study aimed to seek the best distribution for bicycle riding speed considering cyclist characteristics, vehicle type, and track attributes. K-means clustering was performed on speed subcategories while selecting the optimal number of clustering using L method. Then, 15 common models were fitted to the grouped speed data and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Akaike information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion were applied to determine the best-fit distribution. The following results were acquired: (1) bicycle speed sub-clusters generated by the combinations of bicycle type, bicycle lateral position, gender, age, and lane width were grouped into three clusters; (2) Among the common distribution, generalized extreme value, gamma and lognormal were the top three models to fit the three clusters of speed dataset; and (3) integrating stability and overall performance, the generalized extreme value was the best-fit distribution of bicycle speed.

scholarly journals The Hierarchy of Walking Needs and the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7461
Author(s):  
Mohammad Paydar ◽  
Asal Kamani Fard
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Different Levels

More than 150 cities around the world have expanded emergency cycling and walking infrastructure to increase their resilience in the face of the COVID 19 pandemic. This tendency toward walking has led it to becoming the predominant daily mode of transport that also contributes to significant changes in the relationships between the hierarchy of walking needs and walking behaviour. These changes need to be addressed in order to increase the resilience of walking environments in the face of such a pandemic. This study was designed as a theoretical and empirical literature review seeking to improve the walking behaviour in relation to the hierarchy of walking needs within the current context of COVID-19. Accordingly, the interrelationship between the main aspects relating to walking-in the context of the pandemic- and the different levels in the hierarchy of walking needs were discussed. Results are presented in five sections of “density, crowding and stress during walking”, “sense of comfort/discomfort and stress in regard to crowded spaces during walking experiences”, “crowded spaces as insecure public spaces and the contribution of the type of urban configuration”, “role of motivational/restorative factors during walking trips to reduce the overload of stress and improve mental health”, and “urban design interventions on arrangement of visual sequences during walking”.

scholarly journals 828 Is Isolation Before Elective Surgery the Way Forward During The COVID-19 Pandemic?

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S James ◽  
G Lafaurie ◽  
R Hafeez
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Nice Guidance ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Isolation Period ◽  
The Way

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic is here to last, and services must adapt to enable elective surgery to continue. Surgery involves high-risk aerosol generating procedures, potentially harmful to staff and patients. The current NICE guidance is for the patient to self-isolate for 72 hours prior to surgery. A question persists: Is 72-hour isolation the way forward in elective general surgery? Method In a DGH centre, using an anonymous questionnaire, we prospectively collected data on isolation for 36 elective general surgery patients during the 72h isolation period. The data was analysed to assess the concordance with isolation as well as patient's satisfaction with the process. Results 75% of patients were concordant with 72 hours of isolation pre-operatively. This was an increase from 35% when compared to patients questioned during the 14 day isolation period. The main factors contributing to isolation breech were visitors to the house and the mode of transport used to attend hospital. Conclusions The protocol is now for a COVID swab 72 hours pre-operatively followed by isolation until the operation. Our results show that still significant breaches in isolation remain and patients welfare is adversely affected during that period. Further research and consideration is needed to optimise the COVID isolation protocol.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Transport Sector CO2 Emissions in Eastern European Countries: An LMDI Decomposition Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Souhir Abbes
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

In this paper, we use the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) to apply decomposition analysis on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions from transport systems in seven Eastern European countries over the period between 2005 and 2015. The results show that “economic activity” is the main factor responsible for CO2 emissions in all the countries in our sample. The second factor causing increase in CO2 emissions is the “fuel mix” by type and mode of transport. Modal share and energy intensity affect the growth of CO2 emissions but in a less significant way. Finally, only the “population” and “emission coefficient” variables slowed the growth of these emissions in all the countries, except for Slovenia, where the population variable was found to be responsible for the increase in CO2 emissions. These results not only contribute to advancing the existing literature but also provide important policy recommendations.

scholarly journals Substantiation of Loading Hub Location for Electric Cargo Bikes Servicing City Areas with Restricted Traffic

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Vitalii Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Facility Location Problem ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Hub Location ◽  
Efficiency Criterion ◽  
Logistics Systems ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Total Transport ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Python Programming

Electric cargo bicycles have become a popular mode of transport for last-mile goods deliveries under conditions of restricted traffic in urban areas. The indispensable elements of the cargo bike delivery systems are loading hubs: they serve as intermediate points between vans and bikes ensuring loading, storage, and e-vehicle charging operations. The choice of the loading hub location is one of the basic problems to be solved when designing city logistics systems that presume the use of electric bicycles. The paper proposes an approach to justifying the location of a loading hub based on computer simulations of the delivery process in the closed urban area under the condition of stochastic demand for transport services. The developed mathematical model considers consignees and loading hubs as vertices in the graph representing the transport network. A single request for transport services is described based on the set of numeric parameters, among which the most significant are the size of the consignment, its dimensions, and the time interval between the current and the previous requests for deliveries. The software implementation of the developed model in Python programming language was used to simulate the process of goods delivery by e-bikes for two cases—the synthetically generated rectangular network and the real-world case of the Old Town district in Krakow, Poland. The loading hub location was substantiated based on the simulation results from a set of alternative locations by using the minimum of the total transport work as the efficiency criterion. The obtained results differ from the loading hub locations chosen with the use of classical rectilinear and center-of-gravity methods to solve a simple facility location problem.

scholarly journals New Housing Developments in the City Center of Guadalajara (Mexico): An Analysis from the Perspective of Collective and Sustainable Dwelling

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cireddu
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
City Center ◽  
Compact City ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
Human Scale ◽  
Horizontal Growth ◽  
Downtown Redevelopment ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
The City ◽  
New Buildings

New vertical housing developments in Guadalajara (Mexico) are reaching the city center as a response for redensification after many years of expansion of the urban area characterized by a suburban, low density and fragmented pattern. This horizontal growth, dominated by use of the automobile as prevailing mode of transport, has proven to be unsustainable not only from an environmental point of view, but also from a social perspective where the “human scale” of the city has been affected, same as the daily life of its inhabitants. On the other hand, vertical housing proposals are by their very nature associated with concepts of redensification, compact city and collective living; the aim of this article is to analyze some new housing developments in Guadalajara downtown in order to evaluate to what extent the new buildings embody a more sustainable, livable and collective dwelling, to discuss findings, successes and failures and thus be able to contribute some conclusions and open a broader reflection about contemporary housing, urban density and downtown redevelopment in Latin America cities through collective and sustainable dwelling.

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