scholarly journals Patterns of Denitrification and Methanogenesis Rates from Vernal Pools in a Temperate Forest Driven by Seasonal, Microbial Functional Gene Abundances, and Soil Chemistry

Wetlands ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Ayayee ◽  
Joseph Taura ◽  
Alescia A. Roberto ◽  
Christopher B. Blackwood ◽  
Laura G. Leff
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Vernal Pools ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Denitrification Gene ◽  
Biogeochemical Hotspots ◽  
Microbial Functional Gene

Abstract Due to their relatively small sizes, temperate forest vernal pools are less studied than other wetlands, despite being potential biogeochemical hotspots in landscapes. We investigated spatial and temporal factors driving N2O and CH4 emission rates from vernal pools in a temperate forest. We determined higher N2O (3.66 ± 0.53 × 10−6, μg N2O/m2/h) and CH4 (2.10 ± 0.7 × 10−3, μg N2O/m2/h) rates in spring relative to fall (~50% and 77% lower for N2O and CH4 rates, respectively) and winter (~70% and 94% lower for N2O and CH4 rates, respectively). Soil organic matter, nitrate content and bacterial 16S rDNA, nirS, and norB gene abundances emerged as significant drivers of N2O rates, whereas, soil pH, organic matter content and mcrA abundance were significant drivers of CH4 rates. Denitrification gene abundances were negatively correlated with N2O rates, whereas mcrA abundance correlated positively with CH4 rates. Results suggest that CH4 rates may be directly coupled to methanogen abundance, whereas N2O rates may be directly impacted by a variety of abiotic variables and indirectly coupled to the abundance of potential denitrifier assemblages. Overall, additional studies examining these dynamics over extended periods are needed to provide more insights into their control.

Log landings are methane emission hotspots in managed forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Vantellingen ◽  
Sean C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Managed Forests

Log landings are areas within managed forests used to process and store felled trees prior to transport. Through their construction and use soil is removed or redistributed, compacted, and organic matter contents may be increased by incorporation of wood fragments. The effects of these changes to soil properties on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) flux is unclear and unstudied. We quantified CH<sub>4</sub> flux rates from year-old landings in Ontario, Canada, and examined spatial variability and relationships to soil properties within these sites. Landings emitted CH<sub>4</sub> throughout the growing season; the average CH<sub>4</sub> emission rate from log landings was 69.2 ± 12.8 nmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> (26.2 ± 4.8 g CH<sub>4</sub> C m<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>), a rate comparable to CH<sub>4</sub>-emitting wetlands. Emission rates were correlated to soil pH, organic matter content and quantities of buried woody debris. These properties led to strong CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, or “hotspots”, in certain areas of landings, particularly where processing of logs occurred and incorporated woody debris into the soil. At the forest level, emissions from landings were estimated to offset ~12% of CH<sub>4</sub> consumption from soils within the harvest area, although making up only ~0.5% of the harvest area. Management practices to avoid or remediate these emissions should be developed as a priority measure in “climate-smart” forestry.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NITRATE AMOUNT IN GROUNDWATER AND NATURAL FACTORS

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Pociene ◽  
Skirmantas Pocius
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Surface Precipitation ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

In Lithuania almost the whole drinking water is derived from groundwater sources. The concept of ground@water vulnerability is based on an assumption that a physical environment may provide some degree of protection to groundwater against human impact.The earth materials may act as natural filters to screen out some contaminants. Groundwater vulnerability depends on the natural characteristics of a site and relates to the pathways and rate of downward movement of pollutants. Pollutant migration through the soil zone depends just on the depth of waterlogging, texture, organic matter content, quantity of precipitation.. Pollutants accumulating in shallow groundwater in the Lithuanian area are, first of all, nitrates and organic matter. Regularities of groundwater chemistry can be determined only after investigation into the processes of their formation. That is why we need to find out the main factors of nitrate concentrations in groundwater. Investigation took place in Karkiškes object of Educational Farm of Lithuanian University of Agriculture in 1997–2002. Also, the data from publications were used. The regime of groundwater level and the quantity of nitrates in it was an object of the investigation. The objective of the thesis is to estimate correlation between nitrate concentrations in groundwater and natural factors, such as textural composition of the soil, the quantity of clay and humus particles in the soil, the depth up to the groundwater level, the depth of a restrictive layer and annual precipitation amount. The correlation analysis was used to determine relationship among these factors. The investigation shows that the concentration of nitrogen in groundwater and nitrate leaching are under the influence of humus and clay particles in the soil. It also shows that, when the content of clay particles in the soil increases, nitrogen leaching decreases. Relationship between nitrate content in groundwater and its level from the soil surface, precipitation amount were identified by the investigation. The obtained relationship is close enough, and the correlation coefficients are high (0,86–0,98).

scholarly journals 817 PB 234 EFFECTS OF SOIL AMENDMENT AND MULCHING WITH FRESH AND AGED OAK SAWDUST ON FORSYTHIA GROWTH AND SOIL CHARACTERISTICS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 550d-550
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Starbuck
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

A 7.5 cm layer (.1 m3) of fresh or 8-year-old oak sawdust was applied to 1.7 m2 plots as a mulch or tilled in to a depth of 10 cm. Saw dust-treated and control plots received 0.45 or 227 g of nitrogen applied as ammonium nitrate. Five one-year-old `Lynwood Gold' forsythia plants were planted in each of the 90 plots in the experiment in September 1992 and were pruned in March 1993 to 20 cm above the soil surface. Plant height, soil pH and levels of Na, organic matter, P, K Ca, Mg, NO3 and NH3 in the soil were determined following the 1993 growing season. Fresh and aged saw dust reduced plant growth by 40 and 31% respectively when incorporated without supplemental nitrogen. Adding the high rate of nitrogen overcame the inhibition caused by aged but not fresh sawdust. Both materials significantly reduced soil nitrate content even when used as a mulch and reduced phosphorus when incorporated. Organic matter content of sawdust-amended plots averaged over twice that of control plots. Neither material had a significant influence on pH as determined one year after incorporation.

Fertility changes in soils cultivated for wheat in southern New South Wales.

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Williams ◽  
J Lipsett
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Cultivated Soils

A study has been made of red-brown earth�s cultivated for wheat on a narrow rotation of fallow-wheat-volunteer pasture in the Ariah Park district of Xew South Wales. Surface soil samples from 55 cropped paddocks currently under fallow and from matched adjoining areas with no history of cultivation were examined in laboratory, pot culture, and field studies. Many of the soils had carried at least 20 crops since being brought under cultivation and had lost an average of 30% of their organic matter during this period. However, only 17% of the organic phosphorus had been mineralized. The mean ratio of carbon : nitrogen : sulphur : organic phosphorus in the uncultivated soils was 178.3 : 10 : 1.37 : 0.63 while that for the cultivated soils was 170.9 : 10 : 1.41 : 0.74. As a result of the decrease in organic matter content the cation exchange capacity decreased under cultivation. Losses of the exchangeable cations also occurred, but the relative proportions of the metal ions in the cultivated soils were the same as those in the uncultivated. Removal of cations in crops could not account for all of the losses observed. There had been a net loss of sulphur from the surface soils over and above that likely by crop removal. The nitrate content of the surface samples was insufficient to provide the nitrogen uptake by the crop either in pots or in the field. Evidence is presented suggesting that other sources, including leached nitrate, were utilized in the field. Mineralization of organic phosphorus and fertilizer addition had increased the amounts of inorganic, plant-available forms, but the total phosphorus was unchanged in the cultivated soils. However, the phosphorus status of' the cultivated soils was still extremely low and responses to phosphorus were obtained at all sites. There seems little prospect of reducing current superphosphate rates on these soils.

scholarly journals Assessment of Soil Quality for a Semi-Arid Irrigated Under Citrus Orchard : Case of the Haouz Plain, Morocco

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Sefiani ◽  
Abdennabi El Mandour ◽  
Nour-Eddine Laftouhi ◽  
Nourddine Khalil ◽  
Safia Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Citrus Orchard ◽  
Irrigated Perimeter ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Semi Arid

The irrigated perimeter of the Haouz plain is one of the largest in Morocco with 310.000 Ha with intense agricultural practices based on irrigation. Besides, recent studies have shown that the aquifer is characterized by an overall average to low sensitivity and vulnerability. The objective of this study is to provide an in depth diagnosis of the current situation regarding soil quality for a drip irrigation area: a citrus orchard, in a farm named Agafay, is located in the western part of Haouz, at 35 km SW of Marrakesh. To this objective, an intensive in situ campaign has been carried out focused on the measurements of the physico-chemical parameters of soil, at nine plots. The variation of these parameters, their impact on the type of rootstock and the variation of pollutants through the five soil horizons are analyzed. The results revealed that the condition in the soil quality is not very alarming. As most of the soils are light-textured, with poor organic matter content and basic to very basic pH. The reduction of organic matter, salinity, orthophosphates and nitrates with depth is attributed to the localized mode of irrigation adopted at the site which minimizes the loss of nutrients and, in fine, pollution of the aquifer. Multivariate analysis shows that the total and lime correlate well with the pH, which in turn correlate negatively with nitrate content and soil electrical conductivity. This work has strong implications for the quality assessment of soil for all irrigated perimeters by the drip in semi-arid areas, order to ensure the conservation and sustainability of the production system.

scholarly journals Analisis Kandungan Bahan Organik, Nitrat dan Fosfat pada Sedimen Mangrove Jenis Avicennia dan Rhizophora di Desa Tapak Tugurejo, Semarang The Analysis of Organic Content, Nitrate, Phosphate in the Sediment of Mangrove Rhizophora dan Avicennia at Tapak Village, Tugurejo Semarang

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Lalik Salistia Citra ◽  
Supriharyono Supriharyono ◽  
Suryanti Suryanti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Sediment Sampling

ABSTRAKKawasan Tugu merupakan kawasan pesisir yang ditanami mangrove yang bermanfaat untuk menanggulangi dampak abrasi dan memiliki produktivitas yang tinggi, sehingga  perlu untuk dikaji kandungan nutriennya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji perbedaan kandungan nutrien pada sedimen antar stasiun dan antar  tegakan Avicennia dan Rhizophora. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan November 2019 di Desa Tapak Tugurejo, Semarang dengan menggunakan metode purposive random sampling. Pengambilan sampel sedimen dilakukan pada empat stasiun pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kandungan bahan organik pada tegakan Avicennia dan Rhizophora di keempat stasiun berturut-turut adalah 10,67% dan 13,21%.  Rata-rata kandungan nitrat pada tegakan Avicennia dan Rhizophora di keempat stasiun berturut-turut adalah 5,42 mg/100 g dan 5,6 mg/100 g. Rata-rata kandungan fosfat pada tegakan Avicennia dan Rhizophora di keempat stasiun berturut-turut adalah 1,16 mg/100 g dan 1,74 mg/100 g. Berdasarkan analisis kandungan bahan organik, nitrat dan fosfat antar tegakan mangrove tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05), artinya kandungan nutrien tidak dipengaruhi oleh jenis mangrove Avicennia ataupun Rhizophora. ABSTRACTTugu area is a coastal area planted by mangroves that is useful to overcome the impacf of abration and has high primary productivity so it needs to be reviewed. This study aims to examine the differences of nutrient content in sediments between stations and between Avicennia and Rhizophora grounds. The study was conducted in November 2019 at Tapak Tugurejo Village, Semarang using a purposive random sampling method. Sediment sampling at four observation stations with the specified point, namely Avicennia and Rhizophora. The results showed the average organic matter content in Avicennia and Rhizophora stands at the four stations are 10,67% and 13,21% respectively. The average nitrate content in Avicennia and Rhizophora grounds in the four stations are 5,42 mg/100 g and 5,6 mg/100 g respectively. The average phosphate content in Avicennia and Rhizophora grounds in the four stations are 1,16 mg/100 g and 1,74 mg/100 g respectively. Based on result of the analysis organic matter content, nitrate and phosphate between mangrove stands was not significantly different (P>0,05). It means that the nutrient content was not influenced by the types of Avicennia or Rhizophora mangroves.   

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

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