A Ca-activated ATPase in the mitotic apparatus of the sea urchin egg (isolated by a new method)

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mazia ◽  
Chr. Petzelt ◽  
R.O. Williams ◽  
I. Meza
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
New Method ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg

scholarly journals A Quantitative Description of Protoplasmic Movement During Cleavage in the Sea-Urchin Egg

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-424
Author(s):  
Y. HIRAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Motive Force ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Band Theory ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg ◽  
Protoplasmic Movement

1. Protoplasmic movements during cleavage in the eggs of the heart-urchin Clypeaster japonicus have been followed by tracing the movements of cytoplasmic granules and of carbon particles adhering to the surface. 2. These movements are quantitatively described in normal eggs and in eggs whose mitotic apparatus has been destroyed by colchicine. 3. The results obtained are qualitatively similar to those obtained by Spek and by Dan and his collaborators. 4. Endoplasmic movement and changes in the length and shape of the astral rays are readily explained by the contracting-ring (band) theory. 5. The location of the motive force of cell division is discussed.

scholarly journals Quantitative studies on the polarization optical properties of living cells II. The role of microtubules in birefringence of the spindle of the sea urchin egg.

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Hiramoto ◽  
Y Hamaguchi ◽  
Y Shóji ◽  
T E Schroeder ◽  
S Shimoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Form Birefringence ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg ◽  
Interpolar Distance

Birefringence of the mitotic apparatus (MA) and its change during mitosis in sea urchin eggs were quantitatively determined using the birefringence detection apparatus reported in the preceding paper (Hiramoto el al., 1981, J. Cell Biol. 89:115-120). The birefringence and the form of the MA are represented by five parameters: peak retardation (delta p), through retardation (delta t), interpolar distance (D1), the distance (D2) between chromosome groups moving toward poles, and the distance (D3) between two retardation peaks. Distributions of birefringence retardation and the coefficient of birefringence in the spindle were quantitatively determined in MAs isolated during metaphase and anaphase. The distribution of microtubules (MTs) contained in the spindle is attributable to the form birefringence caused by regularly arranged MTs. The distribution coincided fairly well with the distribution of MTs in isolated MAs determined by electron microscopy. Under the same assumption, the distribution of MTS in the spindle in living cells during mitosis was determined. The results show that the distribution of MTs and the total amount of polymerized tubulin (MTs) in the spindle change during mitosis, suggesting the assembly and disassembly of MTs as well as the dislocation of MTs during mitosis.

scholarly journals THE MITOTIC APPARATUS

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Granular Material ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Isolation Medium ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg ◽  
Dividing Cells

The fine structure of the mitotic apparatus isolated from the sea urchin egg has been investigated. The isolation was accomplished by lysis of metaphase eggs in a 1 M solution of hexanediol, buffered at pH 6. The fine structure of the isolated apparatus was studied after fixation with osmium tetroxide directly in the isolation medium. The spindle is composed of fine fibrils, approximately 20 mµ in diameter, which appear tubular. Similar fibrils, radially oriented, are found in the aster. If the isolated mitotic apparatus is exposed to water at pH 6 before fixation, the structure is considerably modified. The most pronounced effects are an increase in the number of large membrane-bounded vesicles and in the amount of free granular material present. The conditions necessary for the fixation of the mitotic apparatus in dividing cells are discussed in the light of these observations on the isolated unit.

scholarly journals Monoclonal antibodies to dynein subunits reveal the existence of cytoplasmic antigens in sea urchin egg.

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1842-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Piperno
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Cellular Fraction ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg ◽  
Monospecific Antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies directed against subunits of a sea urchin flagellar dynein were used to test for the presence of cytoplasmic antigens in preparations of fertilized eggs and mitotic apparati . A 9-10 S complex composed of 330,000-, 134,000-, and 126,000-mol-wt subunits was isolated from outer arms of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm flagella and used to characterize the antibodies. Seven monospecific antibodies to the 330,000 subunit and two against the 134,000 subunit of the 9-10 S complex were identified by binding to nitrocellulose blots of electrophoretograms resolving polypeptides from different dynein preparations. The antibodies were applied also to blots of polypeptides from fertilized sea urchin egg at the first metaphase and a cellular fraction of mitotic apparati . Three of the antibodies to the 330,000 subunit bound to a cytoplasmic polypeptide of approximately the same molecular weight and the two antibodies to the smaller subunits recognized a polypeptide of 124,000 apparent molecular weight. Both antigens appeared to be enriched in the fraction containing mitotic apparati . These results indicate that polypeptides similar to two subunits of the 9-10 S complex are present in eggs at metaphase, and they are apparently associated with the mitotic apparatus.

Localization of sea urchin egg cytoplasmic dynein in mitotic apparatus studied by using a monoclonal antibody against sea urchin sperm flagellar 21S dynein

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ichi Hisanaga ◽  
Takeshi Tanaka ◽  
Tomoh Masaki ◽  
Hikoichi Sakai ◽  
Issei Mabuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg ◽  
Sea Urchin Sperm

scholarly journals Temperature and pH govern the self-assembly of microtubules from unfertilized sea-urchin egg extracts

1987 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Suprenant ◽  
J.C. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
New Method ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Microtubule Associated Proteins ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Egg Extracts ◽  
Associated Proteins

A new method for microtubule purification from unfertilized sea-urchin eggs was developed in order to obtain large quantities of calcium- and cold-labile microtubules that contained microtubule-associated components important for mitosis. By taking into consideration the pH, ionic composition of egg cytoplasm, and the physiological temperature for growth of the Pacific coast sea-urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, methods were developed for the assembly of intact microtubules directly from unfertilized egg extracts. The microtubules obtained by cycles of temperature-dependent assembly and disassembly are composed of tubulin and abundant microtubule-associated proteins. These microtubules are cold- and calcium-labile and assemble at a critical protein concentration of 0.11 mg ml-1 at 24 degrees C. The yield of microtubule protein obtained by this new method is equivalent to that obtained with taxol (6–8 mg/20 ml packed eggs). Microtubules that have been fixed and prepared for electron microscopy are decorated with large, globular projections that are attached to the microtubule by thin stalks.

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